RTC: Road Traffic Collisions Flashcards
Extraction can be divided into what two categories?
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Two answers
Immediate release (extraction) — Controlled release (extraction)
Why do the police often call the LFB to attend RTCs?
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Three answers
Clear away debris — Wash down contaminants — Removal of casualties from their vehicles
What are the two phases of LFB operational procedure, that occur at an RTC?
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Two answers
Phase 1 Safety and scene assessment Initial assessment of casualty Stability Glass management Tool preparation — Phase 2 Space creation Full access to casualty Casualty immobilised and extricated
After the scene has been assessed for potential hazards, the appliances should be parked in what position?
A ‘fend off’ position, to create a safe working area and provide protection from oncoming vehicles
Which appliance should be parked closest to the RTC incident?
The FRU appliance
Should appliances have their lighting switched on or off?
On, providing warning to other road users
List nine hazards associated with RTCs?
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Nine answers
Vehicle contents — Fuels — Stability — Sharp metals — Hot metals — Carbon fibres — Plastics — Electric and battery acids — Air bags
What three factors are found at all RTCs where people are trapped in their vehicles?
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Three answers
The presence of a casualty requiring urgent hospitalisation
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Difficulty in gaining access to the casualty
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Restricted space in which to work
What are the four types of glass fixings in cars?
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Four answers
Rubber seal — Bonded — Hinged — Sliding
What should be done before disconnecting the vehicle battery, which should be done at the earliest opportunity?
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Four answers
Lower all electric windows — Move seats, if electric — Operate sunroof, in convertible cars — Use any other electrically operated ancillary equipment
When disconnected, where should the car battery be placed?
In a position where it cannot accidentally come into contact with the battery terminals
The LFB currently attends how many RTCs a day?
An average of 10
At RTCs, how can time be saved off the ‘golden hour’, to speed up rescue operations?
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Three answers
Setting up a tool dump while the vehicle is being stabilised
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Managing the vehicle glass as the shut lines are opened
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Opening the door using a Combi tool, while the roof is removed with the sabre saw
What does ‘golden hour’ mean?
Refers to the likelihood that medical attention received in that initial hour of the incident, will prevent the death of a casualty who has suffered a traumatic injury
When would firefighters need to perform an immediate release?
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Six answers
A medical requirement — Fire — Submerged in water — Toxic atmosphere — Hazardous materials — Police directive
Name some key parts of the car when referring to RTCs?
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Three answers
Car posts A post - attached to windscreen B, C, D, E posts - the joints between windows working from front to back — Sill Runs along the bottom of the vehicle — Shut lines Gaps where the vehicles doors shut against the bodywork
When working with cutting tools, firefighters should work in groups of two. What are the roles of each person?
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Two answers
Tool Operator Consider the plan of action Inform the IC if the plan changes — Second Firefighter Responsible for assisting the Tool Operator Looking for hazards Providing hard protection between the cutting tools and the casualty
For effective space creation, what should firefighters do?
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Five answers
Make sure stability is correctly thought about
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Keep equipment in a safe area (tool dump)
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Place all debris in the correct area (debris dump)
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Keep exit routes clear when extricating casualties
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Keep clear of the inner zone when not required
What is created when laminated glass is cut?
Dust, which can become a hazard, so when possible, the glass should be left in place
What are the three main types of glass found in car windows?
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Three answers
Laminated Normally found in the front screen — Toughened Normally used for the side windows and sometimes in the rear window — Perspex Not that common, but can be found in some security vehicles
What can be used to stabilise a vehicle?
Blocks and wedges
What are the two safety zones that should be created on arrival to an RTC?
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Two answers
Inner Circle Minimum of 2m around the vehicle — Outer Circle Minimum of 5m around the vehicle
What should all firefighters wear when attending an RTC?
High visibility clothing, and full PPE
Generally at an incident, what do each of the emergency services deal with?
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Three answers
LFB Deals with rescues, fires, fire prevention, and hazardous materials — Police Control traffic and monitor scene safety — Ambulance Responsible for the treatment and care of any injured people
What are the three main types of seatbelt pre-tensioner?
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Three answers
Compressed spring — Pyrotechnic — G force limiter — They work in conjunction with airbag sensors
Which programme was established in 1997 to improve the car occupants’ safety during an accident?
The European New Car Assessment programme (Euro NCAP)
Name the main types of devices and systems, used to protect. The vehicles occupant during an accident?
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Seven answers
Airbags — Seatbelt pre-tensioners — Rollover protection systems (ROPS) — Side impact protection systems (SIPS) — Whiplash protection systems (WHIPS) — Decoupling foot pedals — Crash deploying roll bars — Telescopic bumpers
What can be found inside vehicle posts, to act as an insulator against noise, and increase the strength of the vehicle frame?
Structural foam
What does SRS stand for?
Supplementary Restraint System
Where are rollover protection systems found?
Modern convertible cars
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An onboard computer will deploy the roll bar when necessary
At what speeds can airbags deploy at?
Excess of 200mph
What is the 5-10-20 rule of thumb, in relation to airbags?
Side airbags - 5” — Driver airbags - 10” — Passenger airbags - 20”
Describe the air lifting unit airbags that are available on appliances (not FRU)? — Weight capacity, material, minimum lift — Six answers
Two per set - one set on each appliance
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12 tonne capacity
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Made of anti-static rubber, reinforced with Kevlar
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Burst pressure is 5 times the safe working load
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Marked with a yellow cross to indicate the position for maximum lift
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Maximum lift of 175mm per bag
What is the maximum lift of air lifting unit airbags on appliances?
175mm
How long is the hydraulic hose for the rapid intervention set, and what is it’s working pressure?
5m non kink hose
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Working pressure of 680-720 BAR
Describe the Power Unit (PPU) of the rapid intervention set? — Fuel needed, pressure, weight — Four answers
Petrol engine and hydraulic pump — Runs on unleaded petrol - lasts for 4 hours when full — Operates between 680-720 BAR — 15.5kg
Sharp edge cover sets consist of what, and how many?
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Five answers
Four post covers — Two medium blankets fitted with removable magnets — One large blanket fitted with removable magnet — One windscreen cover — One steering wheel SRS restraint
Describe the portable generator available on all appliances? — Power, how many outlets — Three answers
Four stroke, petrol driven portable generator
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110v
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Two outlets protected by residual circuit breakers
What electrical equipment can be used in conjunction with the portable generator?
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Four answers
Splitter box - allows a single cable to be split into 4 — Electrical cable reel - two 30m reels — Portable lighting — Tripods
What three items are included in the air lifting unit set?
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Three answers
Two air bags — A control unit — One red, one blue, two black hoses
Describe the disc cutters that are available on appliances? — Disc size, voltage needed, usage — Four answers
125mm disc — Powered from 110v AC supply — Six spare discs in the yellow pouch — Only for use on metals
Describe the combi tool? — Maximum spread, cutting, pulling force, weight — Six answers
Maximum spreading force of 20 tonnes — Maximum cutting force of 38 tonnes at base of jaw — Maximum pulling force of 5 tonnes — Maximum spread at jaw tips 320mm — 15kg — Spring loaded twist grip control
Describe the sabre saw, found on all appliances? — Powered using, what it cuts — Four answers
Powered from 110v AC power supply — Three position orbital action control — Will cut most metal, wood, and plastic materials — Length of stroke 30mm
What is the pre attendance of an RTC?
An FRU and two appliances
What is the test frequency of the air lifting unit?
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Four answers
On acceptance — After use — Monthly — Annually by PEG
What is the test frequency of the disc cutters?
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Four answers
On acceptance — After use (wipe off with dry cloth and oil) — Weekly — Annually (by service provider)
What is the test frequency of the portable generator?
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Three answers
On acceptance — After use (check fluid levels and clean) — Weekly (visual and load test)
What is the test frequency of the sabre saw?
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Three answers
On acceptance — After use (wipe off with dry cloth and oil) — Weekly
What feature does the power unit of the rapid intervention set have, to release pressure that can build up in the hydraulic hose?
Holmatro pressure relief tool
