RT NI KOBE Flashcards
What is ventilation?
The movement of air in and out of the lungs which facilitates gas exchange.
How does breathing occur?
Breathing occurs via the respiratory muscles, which contract and relax rhythmically to fill the lungs with air during inspiration and empty them in expiration.
What controls breathing?
Breathing is controlled by the central neuronal network to meet the metabolic demands of the body.
What is the basic respiratory center?
The Medulla is the basic respiratory center that produces and controls the respiratory rhythm.
What are the higher respiratory centers?
The higher respiratory centers include the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
What is the role of the spinal cord in respiration?
The spinal cord contains motor neurons involved in the regulation of respiration.
What is the function of the Dorsal Respiratory Group?
The Dorsal Respiratory Group (Medulla) mainly causes inspiration.
What does the Ventral Respiratory Group do?
The Ventral Respiratory Group (Medulla) causes either inspiration or expiration.
What is the Pneumotaxic Center?
The Pneumotaxic Center (Upper Pons) inhibits the apneustic center and helps control the rate and pattern of breathing.
What is the Apneustic Center’s role?
The Apneustic Center (Lower Pons) promotes inspiration.
What are vital signs?
Vital signs include body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetry.
Why are vital signs important?
They constitute the cornerstone of patient monitoring and provide useful information.
What is considered a normal body temperature?
The average body temperature is about 37°C (98.6°F).
How is body temperature regulated?
Body temperature is regulated by the hypothalamus.
What is hyperthermia?
Elevated body temperature can result from a disease or from normal strenuous activity.
What is a fever?
Temperature elevation caused by disease is called a Fever, and the patient is said to be febrile.
What does pulse rate evaluate?
Pulse rate is evaluated for rate, rhythm, and strength.
What is the normal heart rate for adults?
Normal Heart Rate in an Adult: 60 to 100 beats/min.
What is bradycardia?
Bradycardia is an abnormally low heart rate.
What causes tachycardia?
Tachycardia is caused by hypoxemia, fever, loss of blood volume, heart abnormalities, and anxiety.
What is paradoxical pulse?
A pulse that becomes weaker on inspiration, defined as a decrease in systolic pressure of more than 10 mm Hg during inspiration.
What is pulsus alternans?
An alternating pattern of strong and weak pulses, commonly observed in patients with left ventricular failure.
What is eupnoea?
Eupnoea is normal breathing rate and pattern.
What is tachypnoea?
Tachypnoea is an increased respiratory rate.
