Rt Flashcards
What are Vital signs?
a group of four to six most crucial medical signs that indicate the status of the body’s vital functions
What is the respiratory rate of an adult?
12-20 breaths/minute
What is respiratory rate?
The rate at which breathing occurs; it is set and controlled by the respiratory center of the brain.
What is the heart rate of an adult?
60-100 beats/ minute
What does heart rate mean?
The frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute.
What is the temperature of an adult?
97 to 99 degrees Fahrenheit
What does temperature mean?
Degree of heat in the body of a living organism
What is Considered systolic in adult blood pressure?
100 mmHg to 140 mmHg
What is considered diastolic in adult blood pressure?
60 mmHg to 90 mmHg
What is considered now “pre-hypertension” in blood pressure?
120 mmHg/ 80 mmHg
What is blood pressure?
Blood pressure is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system.
What is the saturation in adults?
98% - 100% on air room
What is saturation?
Saturation is defined as the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
What is pain assessment?
In surgical unit or newborn intensive care unit, this is considered the “sixth” vital sign
What are the 4 advanced patient assessment?
Inspection, percussion, palpation, and auscultation (IPPA)
What is the definition of inspection?
To look at the person or body part. It is the first step in a physical exam.
What does percussion mean?
Is a method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments as part of a physical examination. It is done to determine the size,
consistency, and borders of body organs. The presence or absence of fluid in
body areas.
What does palpation mean?
A method of feeling with the fingers or hands during a physical examination to examine the size, consistency, texture, location, and tenderness of an organ or body part.
What does auscultation mean?
A process of listening to the sounds of your heart, lungs, arteries, and abdomen. Lung sounds are divided into normal and abnormal
sounds
What are the Normal lung sounds?
Tracheal, tracheobronchial, bronchial, and
vesicular.
How does the abnormal lung sound?
Wheezes, coarse crackles (rhonchi), fine crackles (rales), pleural rubs, and stridor is considered “extrapulmonary” (outside of the lungs) sound.
What are the three pulmonary diseases?
Airway disease, lung tissue disease, and lung circulation disease
What affects does the airway disease cause?
Affect the airway (tubes) that carry oxygen and other gases in and out of the lungs; cause a narrowing or blockage of the airways.
What does COPD mean?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
What does CBABE stand for?
Cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, (chronic) bronchitis, and emphysema
What does GOLD mean?
Global Initiative on Obstructive lung disease
What does COPD consist of?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
What affects does lung tissue disease cause?
Affect the structure of the lung tissue; scarring or inflammation restricts the lungs’ ability to expand fully (restrictive lung disease). Scarring of the lung tissue makes it difficult for the lungs to take in oxygen and rid of carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis are examples.
What are other restrictive lung conditions?
Scoliosis, kyphosis, kyphoscoliosis, pneumonia edma
What are some affects for lung circulatory disease?
A. Affect blood vessels in the lungs.
b. Caused by clotting, scarring, or inflammation of the blood vessels.
c. Affect the lungs’ ability to bring in oxygen and rid of carbon dioxide.
d. May affect the function of the heart.
e. Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension are examples.
For oxygen therapy devices what are the low flow devices?
(1) Nasal Cannula
(2) Simple mask
(3) Non-rebreathing mask
(4) Oxygen-conserving device: Mustache cannula, pendent cannula, pulse
demand.
For oxygen therapy devices what are the high flow devices?
(1) Air entrainment masks: Venturi mask and Lock mask.
(2) High-flow nasal cannula
(3) O2 tent
(4) Incubator (was used to fill with oxygen. As indicated in class, this is no
Longer the practice.
(5) Ventilator: This is a life support, but it also provided high-flow and
Oxygen as well.
What is Humidity devices?
Used to provide humidity to patients on various oxygen delivery devices, and life support (ventilator)
What is the Bubble humidifier?
Used with nasal cannula for newborn, pediatric,
and adult patients.
What is the heat-moisture exchangers?
Simple condenser, hygroscopic, and hydrophobic; used to capture patient’s own heat and humidity to heat and provide humidity to a dry gas from a life support machine
(ventilator).
What is heated humidifier?
Simple reservoir, Wick, membrane, generally
used with life support (ventilator).
What are small volume nebulizers used for?
Used to deliver various aerosolized (inhaled)
medications, including jet and small ultrasonic nebulizers
What are the four nebulizers?
Small volume nebulizers, large- volume nebulizers, vibrating mesh nebulizers, and ultrasound nebulizers
What is the large-volume used for?
Used to deliver bland (nonmedicated) aerosol
and medicated aerosol (HEART, HOPE),
What is the vibrating mesh nebulizer used for?
Used to deliver aerosolized medications. This device used ultrasonic principle to break down medications into minute particle sizes. An example is an Aerogen.
What are ultrasonic nebulizers used for?
Used to deliver medicated and nonmedicated
aerosols. They can be small or large ultrasonic nebulizers.
Pharyngeal airways are considered to be what?
Supraglottic
Nasopharyngeal airway is used for what?
This device is inserted into a nostril. It is used to keep the upper airway open. It can be inserted in a conscious or
semi-conscious patient.
Oropharyngeal airway is used for what?
This device is used to keep the airway open. It is inserted into the mouth of an unconscious patient. We will go over various designs, sizing, and insertion techniques when you are in the Program. The two common OPAs are Guedel and Berman.
What are the two pharyngeal airways?
Nasopharyngeal airway and oropharyngeal airway
What are the two supralottic device?
Laryngeal mask airway and king tube
What is laryngeal mask airway used for ?
used by paramedics in
the field, in the operating room, and in an event an intubation is not successful. It Should be included in “difficult airway” tray or box.
What is the king tube used for?
This tube is used in a failed or backup airway after attempts at intubation have failed.
Which two devices are not considered secure airway because the patient can still aspirate?
Laryngeal mask airway and king tube
What is a endotracheal tube?
This tube can be inserted via the nose (nasotracheal
Intubation or through the mouth (orotracheal intubation). This breathing tube is used for a patient who could not breathe on his or her own. It is considered a
secure airway
What is a tracheal tube?
This device is used when a patient requires long-term ventilation life-supporting.
What does COARC stand for?
Commission on the accreditation of respiratory care education
What does NBRC stand for?
National Board for Respiratory care?
What does CoArc also accredits?
Polysomnography
How many candidates test for NBRC Each year?
40,000
What does RCB mean?
Respiratory Care board of California
What does RCP mean?
Licensed respiratory care practitioners
What is evidence based medicine?
EBM is about systematically reviewing, appraising, and using clinical research findings to aid in the delivery of optimal
clinical care to patients. -patients to make informed decisions about disease management and
treatment.
-also gives patients accurate perceptions of risk, encourages appropriate use of
elective procedures, and supports evidence-based doctor-and-patient decision-
making.
What are the level of evidence?
Meta analysis, randomized clinical trial, cohort study, case controlled study, case report, and editorials and expert options
What is meta analysis?
The (statistical) combination of the results of multiple studies
addressing a similar research question
What is randomized clinical trial?
form of scientific experiment used to control factors
not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that
compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic
procedures, diets, or other medical treatments.
What is cohort study?
It is a type of panel study where the individuals in the panel share a common characteristic
What is case controlled study?
a type of observational study in which two existing
groups differing in outcome are identified and compared based on some supposed
causal attribute.
What is a case report?
a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and
follow-up of an individual patient
What is editorials and expert opinions?
Editorials are written to express one’s view or
opinion; whereas expert opinions are scientific views or comments by a group of
designated experts based on a review of scientific evidence and/or expert opinion.
What are the vital signs to look for?
Respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, saturation, and pain assessment
