RS3 MCQs - Katie Flashcards
Which is a better post-hoc test (between planned contrast and all-by-all pairwise comparison) and why?
A) Planned contrast, as it reduces the chance of Type 2 error.
B) Planned contrast, as it reduces the change of Type 1 error.
C) All-by-all pairwise comparison, as it reduces the chance of Type 2 error.
D) All-by-all pairwise comparison, as it reduces the change of Type 1 error.
A) Planned contrast, as it reduces the chance of Type 2 error.
Why Omega squared (ω2 ) is a better measure of effect size than Eta Squared (η2)?
Omega squared will give you a more accurate estimate than Eta Squared of the effect size in the population (i.e. will allow you to generalize from the findings in your sample with greater confident)
You have a study in which you have a significant main-effect for an IV with 6 levels/conditions. You want to take an exploratory (not hypothesis driven), conservative approach to analysing differences between these levels. You have an equal number of observations for each level/condition and equal variances between each level/condition. What sort of post-hoc procedure would be most appropriate?
You’ve two options (Tukey’s and Bonferroni) which are both considered at the more conservative end. Tukey’s would be the preferred one in this scenario though because you have a lot of pairwise comparisons to make (i.e. 6 levels = 15 pairwise comparisons). You can’t use planned contrasts because you have no hypothesis about the specific differences you expect to see between levels and thus want to look at all 15 possible pairwise effects.
Pick the best way of describing the following design:
IV(s) = Fatigue (12 hours awake, 24 hours awake, 36 hours awake)
DV = Working Memory capacity
A) One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA
B) One-way Independent Groups ANOVA
C) Two-way Independent Groups ANOVA
D) Three-way Repeated Measures ANOVA
*For Fatigue the measure is taken on consecutive days with the same participants.
A) One-way Repeated Measures ANOVA
Pick the best way of describing the following design:
IV(s) = Gender (M/F) and Age (under 40/over 40)
DV = Working Memory capacity
A) Three-way Repeated Measures ANOVA
B) Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA
C) 2x2 Independent Groups ANOVA
D) 2x2x2 Mixed ANOVA
C) 2x2 Independent Groups ANOVA
Pick the best way of describing the following design:
IV(s) = Gender (M/F), Age (under 25/25-49/50+) and Fatigue* (12 hours awake, 24 hours awake, 36 hours awake, 48 hours awake)
DV = Working Memory capacity
A) Three-way Repeated Measures ANOVA
B) ANCOVA
C) Three-way Independent Groups ANOVA
D) 2x3x4 Mixed ANOVA
*For Fatigue the measure is taken on consecutive days with the same participants.
D) 2x3x4 Mixed ANOVA
If a continuous covariate explains a significant proportion of variance in the Dependent Variable (DV) and interacts (p
Not sure what happened to the end of this qu…
No, the assumption is that the covariate has an independent effect on the DV. If the covariate also shares a significant relationship with the IV(s) then this violates that assumption.
If your 3-way ANOVA has no significant 3-way interactions and one significant 2-way interaction (between factors A and B) and all three factors (A, B and C) have significant main effects what would your strategy be for post-hoc exploration of these ANOVA results?
For factors A and B analyse the significant 2-way interaction and only if it makes sense given what I learn about the interaction would I go on and explore the significant main effects of A and B. Separate to this I would also explore the significant main effect of Factor C regardless of what I found in the interaction because interpretation of Factor C’s main effect is not confounded by it also being involved in any significant interactions.
In their paper, Bhati et al (2013) explore the position of qualitative methods in psychology. The use of the concept ________ to examine the relations between researchers using quantitative vs qualitative methods:
A) interpretation
B) action research
C) individuation
D) acculturation
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D) acculturation
Bhati et al (2013) report that, in counselling psychology at least, studies using qualitative methods have become increasingly likely to illustrate features which are typical of quantitative methods (e.g. the need to eliminate subjectivity, managing bias). Bhati et al. argue that such changes in the publication of qualitative work represents __________ the dominant paradigm culture.
A) improvement of
B) assimilation with
C) individuation of
D) rejection of
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B) assimilation with
According to Duncan et al. (2013), which of these is NOT an ethical issue solely relevant to research using qualitative methods?
A) Unanticipated disclosure
B) Full informed consent
C) Payment for people’s time
D) Maintaining anonymity
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C) Payment for people’s time
What is the major difference between how variance in the DV is partitioned up by an ANOVA in a factorial, as opposed to one-way, model?
In one-way: variance for the sum of the squares of the model is wholly attributed to a single IV
Factorial: variance is portioned up into ‘slices’ attributable to each IV and each interaction between these IVs
What is the major difference between a Factorial RMs ANOVA and an Independent Groups ANOVA?
Power is increased in Factorial RMs ANOVA as variance attributable to between-participant variation is not part of the design. It is ‘filtered out’ before the ratio of Model vs Residual variance is compared and only within-subjects variance is considered when calculating the F-ratio(s).
What is epistemology?
The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope
What is the difference between a concept and a category in grounded theory?
A) They are the same thing.
B) A concept is the name for a specific group of researchers.
C) Concepts are conceived by the participants only.
D) Concepts are grouped into categories.
D) Concepts are grouped into categories.
