RS ancient philosophy

Question 1

myth?

Answer 1

an ancient story, often involving gods, which offers an explanation for natural events.

Question 2

philosophy?

Answer 2

the use of reason to investigate questions of knowledge, existence, and ethics.

Question 3

reason?

Answer 3

the ability to use logic to solve problems, for example in mathematics or philosophy.

Question 4

democracy?

Answer 4

a form of government where citizens vote in elections, giving them power over how a country is run.

Question 5

justice?

Answer 5

fairness in the way people are dealt with.

Question 6

good?

Answer 6

morally right or beneficial.

Question 7

evil?

Answer 7

harmful, wicked or morally wrong.

Question 8

allegory?

Answer 8

a story containing a hidden meaning.

Question 9

the forms?

Answer 9

for plato, perfect and eternal patterns which are reflected in real world objects.

Question 10

sense experience?

Answer 10

information and experiences gained through our senses (hearing, sight, taste, touch, sound)

Question 11

art?

Answer 11

expressions of human creativity, such as painting, literature, music, theatre, and film.

Question 12

censorship?

Answer 12

suppressing or restricting free speech or access to materials such as art and literature

Question 13

human rights?

Answer 13

basic entitlements and freedoms owed to all human beings.

Question 14

citizen?

Answer 14

someone who lives in a state, and who has rights not given to a non-citizen (e.g. voting in elections).

Question 15

demagogue?

Answer 15

a politician who appeals to people’s emotions and makes false promises to win power.

Question 16

government?

Answer 16

the system by which a state is controlled; or the group that controls a state.

Question 17

aristotle’s definition of friendship?

Answer 17

for aristotle, “reciprocated good will between two people.”

Question 18

utility?

Answer 18

usefulness

Question 19

virtuous?

Answer 19

morally good or possessing many virtues.

Question 20

is thales regarded to as the first philosopher?

Answer 20

yes.

Question 21

why is thales important?

Answer 21

he was the first person to answer life’s big questions using reason.

Question 22

what did people do before thales?

Answer 22

people looked to religion and myths for answers.

Question 23

six branches of philosophy?

Answer 23

ethics, logic, epistemology, political philosophy, aesthetics, metaphysics.

Question 24

ethics?

Answer 24

how humans should live, and which actions are morally right and wrong.

Question 25

logic?

Answer 25

creates rules for making good judgements.

Question 26

epistemology?

Answer 26

knowledge and where it comes from.

Question 27

political philosophy?

Answer 27

government, politics and law.

Question 28

aesthetics?

Answer 28

the nature of art and beauty.

Question 29

metaphysics?

Answer 29

the nature and existence of things.

Question 30

what did socrates claim?

Answer 30

the unexamined life is not worth living.

Question 31

how did socrates differ from other philosophers?

Answer 31

because he focused on ethics, examining questions of human life and human acttions.

Question 32

how did socrates disagree with traditional greek beliefs about virtue?

Answer 32

disagreed because he believed that moral virtues were universal.

Question 33

socrates claimed the only good life was ‘?

Answer 33

the only good life was a morally good life.

Question 34

what did socrates believe that people do in regards to committing evil deeds?

Answer 34

that nobody would knowing commit evil, and that doing the right thing was just a matter of knowing the right thing to do.

Question 35

what did socrates believe was the key to achieving goodness?

Answer 35

the key to achieving goodness was continual reflection on the meaning of ideas such as goodness, justice, and wisdom.

Question 36

who was socrates most famous student?

Answer 36

plato was socrates most famous student.

Question 37

what did plato believe about the things we see in the world around us? (in regards to his belief on the world of forms)

Answer 37

believed that the things we see in the world around us are distorted copies of eternal, perfect patterns called the Forms.

Question 38

where did plato believe the forms existed?

Answer 38

in a place plato called the world of forms.

Question 39

plato’s view on art?

Answer 39

he saw all art as being an imitation of something that existed in the everyday world.

Question 40

plato’s views on art and reality?

Answer 40

plato believed that art was a long way from reality and truth.

Question 41

why plato viewed art as dangerous?

Answer 41

plato saw art as dangerous, because art could stir up people’s feelings, and cause them to act on emotion rather than reason.

Question 42

plato’s view on why art should be censored?

Answer 42

plato believed that in an ideal society art and artists should be banned or censored.

Question 43

modern day view on censorship?

Answer 43

many people today oppose any form of censorship, seeing it as a restriction of the human right of free speech.

Question 44

monarchy?

Answer 44

one wise person governs in the interest of the whole community.

Question 45

tyranny?

Answer 45

an evil person has absolute power and rules for their own benefit.

Question 46

aristotle’s six types of society?

Answer 46

monarchy, tyranny, aristocracy, oligarchy, polity, democracy

Question 47

aristocracy?

Answer 47

a small group of outstanding people govern for the common good.

Question 48

oligarchy?

Answer 48

a group of wealthy people govern in their own interest

Question 49

polity?

Answer 49

where a large group of virtuous citizens govern.

Question 50

three types of friendship?

Answer 50

utility, pleasure, true.

Question 51

utility (friendship definition)?

Answer 51

where people are friends primarily because they are useful to each other.

Question 52

pleasure (friendship definition)?

Answer 52

based upon two people finding enjoyment in the same things.

Question 53

true friendship definition?

Answer 53

based upon the character of the friends, when each has virtues that the other admires.