RRD #1 Basic Concepts of Patho & Implications for Nursing Flashcards
Study of functions & processes that occur in body, mostly the NORMAL processes
Physiology
the study of the underlying changes in body physiology that result from disease or injury.
Pathophysiology
maintenance of constant conditions in the body’s internal enviroment
Homeostasis
The return to homeostasis after being challenged by a stressor is called
Compensation
similar words: adaptation, healing etc..
Compensation is achieved by the body’s use of
control mechanism / compensatory mechanism
Break down of glycogen is called
glycogenolysis
A form of stored glucose
glycogen
The failure to compensate, adapt, heal, etc..
Decompensation
The body is unable to appropriately meet the challenge of stressors
Decompensation
a harmful condition of the body (and/or mind)
disease
a disturbance in the health of the body
disorder
factors that or contribute to and/or increase probability that a disease will occur….”setting the stage”
ex: heredity, age, ethnicity, lifestyle (smoking, eating habits etc) enviroment
risk factors
a condition or event that triggers a pathologic event or disorder…“kick off”
ex: “an ashthma attack can be precipitated by exertion”
precipitation factor
Relating to elements leading up to a disease
risk factors and precipitating factor
relating to cause of a disease
etiology, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and nosocomial
the cause of a disease; includes all factors that contribute to development of disease.
Etiology
disease with unidentifiable cause
idiopathic
occurs as result of medical treatment
iatrogenic
relating to course of a disease
clinical manifestations
the demonstration of the presence of a sign and/or symptom (S&S) of a disease
clinical manifestations
manifestation that can be objectively identified by a trained observer
signs
subjective manifestations that can only be reported by the person experiencing them– pain, nausea, fatigue
symptoms
fairly rapid appearance of S&S of disease (over a day to several days); usally last only a short time
acute
develop more slowly; S&S are often insidious and last longer and/or wax and wane over months or years.
chronic
periods when S&S disappear or diminish significantly (wane)
remission
periods when S&S become worse or more sever (Wax);
excerbate - to provoke, to make worse
relating to location of manifestations
central and peripheral/periphery
usually refers to problem, situation, etc that is occurring towards the center, or “core” of the body
referring to essential organ systems like brain, heart, lungs and kidneys;
central
refers to problem, situation, etc, that is occurring towards teh outer parts of the body, away from core.
peripheral/periphery
the predicted outcome of a disease based on certain factors such as: the usual course of that particular dz; and individual’s characteristics; ex: age and presence of comorbidities
Prognosis
aftermath of a disease
sequela
an abnormal condition that follows and is the result of disease, injury, or treatment; synonym = complications or outcome
sequela
