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BIOL 200 > RR2 > Flashcards

RR2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is major regulator of gene expression

A

transcriptional control

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2
Q

describe percentages of gene expression

A

most outcomes of gene expression are dictated by Rates of transcription (73%)
MRNA translation (8%)
protein degradation (8%)
Mrna degradation (11%)

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3
Q

describe overview of transcription - why is polymerization energetically favoured by

A

high energy bond between alpha and beta phosphate is replaced

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4
Q

describe conventions for transcription rna transcript

A

dna pol read 3’ –> 5’
usptream = negative
transcription start site = +1
downstream = positive
utr = untranslated regions

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5
Q

what is premrna

A

not been processed yet

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6
Q

how fast does rna pol 2 advance

A

rate of 1000-3000 nt/min
not super fast but still fast

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7
Q

describe longest human gene

A

dmd = dystrophin
takes a day to transcribe once
for the rna pol to transcribe through it
must be very faithful = not make mistakes - cannot just fall off

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8
Q

name 3 stages of transcription

A

initiation
elongation
termination

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9
Q

describe initiation -3 stages of transcription

A

polymerase binds to the promoter sequence, locally denatures DNA & Catalyzes
the First phosphodiester linkage
promoter elements Recruit RNA pol, Catalyzes Reaction
+1 Site

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10
Q

describe elongation -3 stages of transcription

A

polymerase advances 3’–>5’ down template strand
denatures dna and polymerizes rna
generates molecules 5’ –> 3’

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11
Q

describe termination -3 stages of transcription

A

polymerase recognizes a stop site
releases completed rna
dissociates from dna
sequence gives signal to rna or dna pol to let go and fall of

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12
Q

are prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription similar

A

yes but also distinct

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13
Q

Describe sigma factors

A

confer specificity to rna pol so correct gene transcribed

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14
Q

describe dna binding proteins

A

regulate rate of rna synthesis by enhancing or impeding rna pol binding to promoter regions

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15
Q

describe sequences in dna proximal to transcribed gene

A

Critical for efficient transcription

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16
Q

describe transcription for prokaryotes

A

Transcription is means of adapting - lots of allosteric effects

17
Q

describe transcription for eukaryotes

A

essential during embryogenesis - distinguish all cell types - make complex organisms
30 trillion cells and 200 diff cell types

18
Q

what does polycistronic mean

A

Prokaryotes
several products from one rna

19
Q

what does monocistronic mean

A

eukaryotes
one rna –> one gene product

20
Q

describe toxin alpha amanitin

A

mushroom toxin
use ion exchange chromatography
assay each fraction for ability to make rna

21
Q

describe what toxin alpha amanitin will do to body

A

drug blocks some rna pols and destroys liver and blocks some rna polymerase

22
Q

describe sensitivities of dna polymerases to toxin alpha amanitin

A

rna pol 1 = insensitive
rna pol 2 = very sensitive
rna pol 3 = intermediate sensitivity

23
Q

describe rna pol 1

A

pre rrna (28s,18s, 5.5s)
involves in ribosome - components, synthesis

24
Q

describe rna pol 2

A

mrna
snrna (small nuclear, produced in splicing)
sirna (small interfering)
mirnas (micro)
involved in encodes protein, rna splicing, chromatin mediated repression, transcriptional control

25
Q

describe rna pol 3

A

trna
5s rna
snrna u6
7s rna
other small stable rnas
involved in protein synthesis, ribosome component, rna splicing, signal recognition, various functions, unknown for many

26
Q

describe similarities between rna pols

A

They all exist in multimeric complexes
some show significant similarity to bacterial subunits
.most are essential

27
Q

what is ctd

A

carboxyterminal domain on rna pol 2
series of repeats - needed to live
if get ride = compromise viability

28
Q

describe ctd

A

close to where rna exits
Intrinsically disordered domains

29
Q

describe clamp domain

A

when have few nts of rna made = clamp domain will close up tight around dna
= initiated elongation
want to be as possessive as possible

30
Q

describe phopshorylation of ctd

A

during transcription, at or after transcription initiation

31
Q

what colours correspond to actively transcribing and not transcribing genes and why

A

red = phosphorylated ctd = puffs where being transcribed
green = unphosphorylated ctd

32
Q

what is phosphorylation of ctd of large subunit associated with

A

active transcription
morphologically distinct puffs

33
Q

when does clamp domain enhance possessiveness of rna pol 2

A

enhances posessivity during elongation

BIOL 200 (29 decks)

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