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RR - key associations Flashcards

1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns

A

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

Hypertension

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis, vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion)

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10
Q

Autospenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell

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11
Q

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

S. pneumo

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B strep (newborns), S. pneumo/N. meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vW factor)

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15
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma

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16
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

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17
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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18
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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19
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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20
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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21
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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22
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)

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23
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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24
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

A

predisposes to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

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25
Q

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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26
Q

Compression fracture

A

Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal; type 2: elderly man or woman)

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27
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

A

21-hydroxylase deficiency

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28
Q

Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

VSD

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29
Q

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

Dubin Johnson (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

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30
Q

Constrictive pericarditis

A

Tuburculosis (developing world); SLE (developed world)

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31
Q

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

A

LAD > RCA > LCA

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32
Q

Cretinism

A

Iodine deficit/hypothyroid

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33
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Iatrogenic cushings (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma
ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic Cushing’s (due to ACTH from other tumors)

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34
Q

Cyanosis (early, less common)

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition, truncus (also TAPVR and tricuspid atresia)

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35
Q

Cyanosis (late, more common)

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

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36
Q

Death in CML

A

Blast crisis

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37
Q

Death in SLE

A

Lupus nephropathy

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38
Q

Dementia

A

Alzheimer’s, multiple infarcts

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39
Q

Demyelinating disease in young women

A

MS

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40
Q

DIC

A

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

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41
Q

Dietary deficit

A

Iron

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42
Q

Diverticulum in pharynx

A

Zenker’s (diagnosed by barium swallow)

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43
Q

Ejection click

A

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

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44
Q

Esophageal cancer

A

Squamous (worldwide), adeno (USA)

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45
Q

Food oisoning (exotoxin mediated)

A

S. auerus, B. cereus

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46
Q

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

Berger’s IgA nephropathy

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47
Q

Gynecologic malignancy

A

Endometrial carcinoma (USA), cervical carcinoma (worldwide)

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48
Q

Heart murmur, congenital

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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49
Q

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

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50
Q

Helminth infection (US)

A

Enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides

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51
Q

Hematoma-epidural

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma, lentiform shaped)

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52
Q

Hematoma-subdural

A

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

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53
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Multiple transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, and increased risk of HCC)

54
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Cirrhotic liver (a/w hep B and C and alcoholism)

55
Q

Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand disease

56
Q

Hereditary harmless jaundice

A

Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

57
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter’s syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis

58
Q

HLA-DR3 or DR4

A

DM type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

59
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg

60
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow’s triad (results in venous thrombosis)

61
Q

Secondary HTN

A

Renal disease

62
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

63
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign)

64
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

65
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

66
Q

Kidney stones

A

Calicum = radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staph)
Uric acid = radiolucent

67
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected LT to RT becomes RT to LT)

A

Eisenmenger’s syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

68
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

69
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher’s

70
Q

Male cancer

71
Q

Malignancy a/w noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

72
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

73
Q

Mental retardation

A

Down syndrome, fragile X

74
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes

75
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > GU > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI

76
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

77
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

78
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor disease

79
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

80
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

81
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change dz

82
Q

Neuron migration failure

A

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia)

83
Q

Nosocomial pneumonia

A

Klebs, E. coli, Pseudomonas

84
Q

Obstruction of male urinary tract

85
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

86
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

87
Q

Osteomyelitis

88
Q

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

Salmonella

89
Q

Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use

A

Pseudomonas or S. aureus

90
Q

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

A

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

91
Q

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

A

Serous cystadenoma

92
Q

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

93
Q

Pancreatitis (acute)

A

Gallstones, alcohol

94
Q

Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

Alcohol (adults), CF (kids)

95
Q

Patient age with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60

96
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

Chlamydia trachomatis, N. gonorrhea

97
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

t(9:22) bcr-abl CML (may sometomes be associated with ALL/AML)

98
Q

Pituitary tumor

A

Prolactinoma, somatotrophic “acidophilic” adenoma

99
Q

Primary amenorrhea

A

Turner’s

100
Q

Primary bone tumor (adults)

A

Multiple myeloma

101
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

102
Q

Primary liver cancer

A

HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1 anti trypsin deficiency)

103
Q

Pulmonary hypertension

104
Q

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

A

Buerger’s disease (strong a/w tobacco)

105
Q

Renal tumor

A

Renal cell carcinoma: a/w von Hippel Lindau and smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes include EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH

106
Q

RT heart failure due to pulmonary cause

A

Cor pulmonale

107
Q

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

A

Increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure/CHF)

108
Q

S4 (presystolic gallop)

A

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

109
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Hypocalcemia of chronic kindney disease

110
Q

Sexually transmitted disease

A

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

111
Q

SIADH

A

Small cell lung carcinoma

112
Q

Site of diverticula

A

Sigmoid colon

113
Q

Sites of atherosclerosis

A

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

114
Q

Stomach cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma

115
Q

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

116
Q

t(14:18)

A

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

117
Q

t(8:14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (c-myc activation)

118
Q

t(9:22)

A

Philadelphia chromosom CML (bcr-abl fusion)

119
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; a/w polymyalgia rheumatica

120
Q

Testicular tumor

121
Q

Thyroid cancer

A

Papillary carcinoma

122
Q

Tumor in women

A

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

123
Q

Tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

124
Q

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

A

Pheo (usually benign)

125
Q

Tumor of adrenal medulla in kids

A

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

126
Q

Type of Hodgkin’s

A

Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

127
Q

Type of non-Hodgkin’s

A

Diffuse large B cell

128
Q

UTI

A

E. coli, Staph saprophyticus (young women)

129
Q

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

130
Q

Vitamin deficiency (USA)

A

Folate (pregnant women at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

FA RR2 (5 decks)

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