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Paper 3&4 RPs > RPs paper 3 and 4 > Flashcards

RPs paper 3 and 4 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false – the work done to stretch a spring is equal to the elastic potential energy stored in the spring

A

True – unless the limit of proportionality is exceeded

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2
Q

What does a linear force-extension graph mean about the force and extension?

A

They are directly proportional

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3
Q

What is the equation that links extension, force and spring constant?

A

Spring constant = Force / Extension

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4
Q

State Hooke’s Law.

A

Force and extension are directly proportional

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5
Q

What are the units for spring constant?

A

N/m

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6
Q

What is the difference between elastic and inelastic deformation?

A

Elastic – object returns to original size when forces are removed

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7
Q

What is elastic limit?

A

The point at which an object is deformed inelastically

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8
Q

How can we identify the elastic limit on a graph?

A

When the line of best fit starts to curve

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9
Q

What is the dependent variable when you investigate force and extension of a spring?

A

Extension of the spring

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10
Q

Give one control variable when investigating Hooke’s law.

A

Material of spring, where the length of spring is measured from and to

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11
Q

What are the SI units for extension?

A

Meters (m)

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12
Q

What is the equation that links gravitational field strength, mass and weight?

A

Weight = Mass x G.F.S

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13
Q

What is the equation that links elastic potential energy, extension and spring constant?

A

Ee = 0.5 x spring constant x extension2

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14
Q

Rearrange the equation in Q5 to make spring constant the subject.

A

Spring constant = Ee / (0.5 x extension2)

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15
Q

What are the units for weight?

A

Newtons, N

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16
Q

True or false? Elastic bands obey Hooke’s law.

A

False

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17
Q

What is inertia?

A

The tendency of an object to remain in its current state of motion

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18
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity with both magnitude and direction

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19
Q

If the resultant force acting on an object is zero, what do you know about its velocity?

A

Velocity is constant

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20
Q

What is the equation that links force, mass and acceleration?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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21
Q

What is the resultant force acting on an object falling at terminal velocity?

A

Zero

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22
Q

How is increasing deceleration shown on a V-T graph?

A

Downwards curve which gets steeper

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23
Q

What is the equation to calculate the acceleration?

A

Change in velocity / Time

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24
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

Quantity with magnitude only

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25
Q

Select the correct word to complete Newton’s second law: An object’s________________ depends on the _____________________ acting on the object and the ______________ of the object.

A

Acceleration, Forces, Mass

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26
Q

What is the equation that links acceleration, force and mass?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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27
Q

What is the equation for calculating speed?

A

Speed = Distance / Time

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28
Q

What do the letters in this equation mean? v2 –u2 = 2as

A

v – final velocity, u – initial velocity, a – acceleration, s - displacement

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29
Q

What is the relationship between force and extension?

A

Directly proportional

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30
Q

What is the relationship between mass and extension?

A

Inversely proportional

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31
Q

What is the equation that links potential difference, current and resistance?

A

Potential difference = Current x Resistance

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32
Q

What are the units for resistance?

A

Ohms

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33
Q

True or false – a diode has a very high resistance in one direction.

A

True

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34
Q

What is the relationship between potential difference and current for an ohmic conductor?

A

Directly proportional

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35
Q

What is the unit for charge flow?

A

Coulombs, C

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36
Q

Describe the current in a single closed loop.

A

The same anywhere in the circuit

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37
Q

State Ohm’s Law.

A

If resistance is constant, potential difference and current are directly proportional

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38
Q

What do we also call potential difference?

A

Voltage

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39
Q

State the equation that links current, potential difference and resistance.

A

Potential difference = Current x Resistance

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40
Q

State the equation that links charge, current and time.

A

Current = Charge / Time

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41
Q

Describe the IV graph for a resistor.

A

Directly proportional- straight line through 0.

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42
Q

Describe the IV graph for a filament bulb.

A

S Shaped curve

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43
Q

Describe the IV graph for a dioide.

A

Line only in one half of the graph

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44
Q

Where in a circuit should an ammeter be placed?

A

In series

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45
Q

Where in a circuit should a voltmeter be placed?

A

In parallel

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46
Q

What is an ohmic conductor?

A

A conductor which obeys Ohm’s law

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47
Q

Name a component that behaves as a non-ohmic conductor.

A

Filament lamp, diode

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48
Q

What is a diode?

A

A component which has a high resistance in one direction

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49
Q

Describe the IV graph of a filament lamp.

A

An S-curve which passes through the origin

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50
Q

Explain the IV graph of a filament lamp.

A

As current increases, so does resistance meaning it is more difficult for current to flow

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51
Q

Describe the relationship between temperature and resistance of a thermistor.

A

As temperature increases, resistance decreases

52
Q

Describe the relationship between temperature and resistance of a LDR.

A

As light increases, resistance decreases

53
Q

Describe the relationship between length of wire and resistance.

A

As length of wire increases, resistance increases

54
Q

How do you find the total resistance of a series circuit?

A

Add up the individual resistance of all the components

55
Q

What is an ammeter?

A

Measures current

56
Q

How is an ammeter placed in a circuit?

A

Series

57
Q

What is a voltmeter?

A

Measures voltage/ potential difference

58
Q

How is a voltmeter placed in a circuit?

A

Parallel

59
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance with a pH of more than 7

60
Q

What type of salt is made when nitric acid is used?

A

Nitrate

61
Q

What is the general word equation for neutralisation?

A

Acid + Base (Alkali) à Salt + Water

62
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base

63
Q

What ion do all acids contain?

A

H+

64
Q

What is the pH range of an acid?

A

1 to 6

65
Q

What is the pH of a neutral substance?

A

7

66
Q

What is the pH range of an alkali?

A

8 to 14

67
Q

What type of salt is formed from Hydrochloric acid?

A

Chloride salt

68
Q

What type of salt is formed from Nitric acid?

A

Nitrate salt

69
Q

What type of salt is formed from Sulphuric acid?

A

Sulphate salt

70
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that releases energyto the surroundings

71
Q

Give an example of an exothermic reaction.

A

Combustion, neutralisation

72
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings

73
Q

Give an example of an exothermic reaction.

A

Photosynthesis

74
Q

What equipment can be used to measure temperature?

A

Thermometer

75
Q

In an exothermic reaction, what has more energy- reactants or products?

A

Reactants

76
Q

In an endothermic reaction, what has more energy- reactants or products?

A

Products

77
Q

Name 3 factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

A

Temperature, pressure, concentration, surface area, catalyst

78
Q

How can you tell that a reaction has finished from a rate graph?

A

The line of best fit will plateau/flatten

79
Q

Define the term activation energy.

A

Energy needed to start a reaction

80
Q

True or false: “Reactants are produced during a chemical reaction”.

A

False

81
Q

What are the signs that a chemical reaction is occurring?

A

Colour change, bubbles/ fizzing, temperature change, new product made

82
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

Something which speeds up a reaction, without being used up

83
Q

How does a catalyst speed up a reaction?

A

Lowering the activation energy

84
Q

What is the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction?

A

Exothermic releases energy, endothermic absorbs energy

85
Q

What factors increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Temperature, pressure, concentration, surface area, catalyst

86
Q

Give the equation for calculating the rate of a reaction.

A

Reactant used / Time or Product formed / Time

87
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid formed in a liquid

88
Q

Which gas is tested for using a lit splint, which makes a squeaky pop?

A

Hydrogen

89
Q

How does a catalyst speed up a reaction?

A

Lowering activation energy

90
Q

Why does the mass of some reactions appear to increase?

A

One of the reactants is a gas, whose mass has not been accounted for

91
Q

Describe one way we can measure the volume of gas produced during a reaction.

A

Gas syringe, upturned measuring cylinder in water/ displacement

92
Q

Give one precaution needed when using hydrochloric acid.

A

Goggles – to protect eyes

93
Q

True or false? “The volume of sodium thiosulphate is the dependent variable when measuring turbidity.”

A

False – it is the independent variable

94
Q

What is the name of the area on an enzyme with a unique 3D shape?

A

Active site

95
Q

Define the term denature.

A

When the active site changes shape and no longer fits with the substrate

96
Q

What is the optimum temperature that enzymes work at in the human body?

A

37

97
Q

True or False: “Increasing the concentration of a product increases the rate of a chemical reaction.”

A

False

98
Q

How can you measure the rate of a chemical reaction?

A

Reactant used or product made divided by time

99
Q

How does increasing surface area increase the rate of a reaction?

A

More reactant particles are exposed, so more frequent collisions

100
Q

What are the 2 products of a neutralisation reaction?

A

Salt and water

101
Q

What equipment is required to crystalize a salt solution?

A

Evaporating basin, heat source

102
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose?

A

Amylase

103
Q

Name the chemical used to test for the presence of starch.

A

Iodine

104
Q

What is an enzyme made from?

A

Protein

105
Q

What can happen to an enzyme if the pH becomes too extreme?

A

Denature/ active site will change shape

106
Q

Name 2 factors that can increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

A

Temperature, pressure, catalyst concentration, surface area

107
Q

Name 2 signs that a chemical reaction is occurring.

A

Gas (bubbles/fizzing), colour or temperature change, new products

108
Q

Is energy taken in or given out when bonds are made?

A

Given out

109
Q

True or False: “An exothermic reaction takes in energy from the surroundings.”

A

False – it releases energy

110
Q

What is the positive electrode called?

A

Anode

111
Q

What is the negative electrode called?

A

Cathode

112
Q

Which of these is NOT attracted to the negative electrode?

A

Halide

113
Q

What are the two possible products at the positive electrode?

A

Halogen or oxygen

114
Q

Why are electrodes made of graphite?

A

Unreactive

115
Q

Why must an electrolyte be molten or in solution?

A

So the ions can move

116
Q

What symbol shows that an electrolyte is a solution?

A

(aq)

117
Q

What type of power supply is used for electrolysis

A

DC

118
Q

What does electrolysis mean?

A

Breaking something down using electricity

119
Q

What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

A

Atoms are neutral, ions are charged

120
Q

What is the positive electrode called?

A

Anode

121
Q

What moves towards the positive electrode?

A

Negative ions

122
Q

What is the negative electrode called?

A

Cathode

123
Q

Why would electrolysis not occur if electrodes are touching?

A

They would conduct the electricity from one to the other

124
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A molten or dissolved ionic compound

125
Q

Why are the products of electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride and copper chloride different?

A

Sodium is more reactive than hydrogen, whereas copper is less reactive

Paper 3&4 RPs (1 decks)

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