RPH QUIZ 1 Flashcards
Has always been known as the study of the past.
History
History was derived from the Greek word ______ which means ____________ acquired through __________ or ___________
- historia
- knowledge
- inquiry or investigation
History as a discipline existed for around _____ years and is as old as
________ and _______.
- 2400 years
- mathematics and philosophy
This term was then adapted to _____________
where it acquired a ____________.
- classical latin
- new definition
became known as the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidences.
Historia
What counts as history? Traditional historians lived with the mantra of _________,____________
“no document, no history.”
It means that, unless a written document can prove a
certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact
“no document, no history.”
history progressed and opened up to the possibility of valid historical
sources which were not limited to written documents like ________, _____________, or ______________
government records, chroniclers’ accounts, or personal letters.
Some are keener on passing their history by ___________.
word of mouth
Others got their historical documents ________ or _________ in the events of ____________.
- burned or destroyed
- war or colonization
This loophole was recognized by historians who started using other kinds of historical sources, which may not be in written format but were just as valid. A few of these examples are _________ and_______, ________, _______ , and ___________
- oral traditions in forms of epics
- songs
- artifacts
- architecture
- memory
historians can use _________ from a bygone era to study ancient
civilizations who were formerly ignored in history because of ______________
- artifacts
- lack of documents
can also be helpful in tracing historical evolutions, past connections among different groups, and flow of cultural influence by studying language and the changes that it has undergone to.
Linguists
can help with the study of the past through analyzing genetic and DNA patterns of human societies.
biologists and biochemists
“THAT MEN DO NOT LEARN
VERY MUCH FROM THE
LESSONS OF HISTORY IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL THE
LESSONS OF HISTORY.”
- Aldous Huxley
- Aldous Huxley
“THAT MEN DO NOT LEARN
VERY MUCH FROM THE
LESSONS OF HISTORY IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT OF ALL THE
LESSONS OF HISTORY.”
is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about these events which is based on the critical examination of various sources and authentic materials.
History
NON-WRITTEN HISTORICAL SOURCES
- Oral traditions
- Artifacts
- Architecture
- Memory
Object of study is the past, the events
that happened in the past, and the causes
of such events
History
- What is History?
- Why study History?
- History for whom?
HISTORIOGRAPHY
- History itself
- Who wrote history?
- Context
- Methods used
- Sources
HISTORIOGRAPHY
TYPES OF HISTORICAL SOURCES
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Sources produced at the same time of the event, period, or that is being studied
Primary Sources
- Contemporary accounts of an event, personally written or narrated by an individual person who directly experienced or participated in the said event
Primary Sources
- Considered as original sources that directly narrate the details of the event
Primary Sources
EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY SOURCES
- Diaries
- Photographs
- Letters
- Speeches
- Official records (government)
- Paintings
- Artifacts
- Oral history
- Produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the said material
Secondary Sources
- The testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness – that is of one who was not present at the event of which he tells
Secondary Sources
- Historical sources which studied a certain historical subject
Secondary Sources
- Interpretations or readings of primary sources
Secondary Sources
EXAMPLES OF SECONDARY SOURCES
- Textbooks
- Artistic rendition of an event
- Journal articles (scholarly)
- Films
- News articles
types of History Criticisms
- EXTERNAL CRITICISM
- INTERNAL CRITICISM
- Verifying the authenticity of evidences by examining its physical characteristics
- Consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
- Materials used for the evidence
- _____-, ______, _______, ______, etc.
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
* Ink, paper, language, words used, etc.
- Examination of the truthfulness of the evidence
- Content of the source
INTERNAL CRITICISM
- Circumstances of its production
- Author of the source
INTERNAL CRITICISM
- Context
- Agenda behind its creation
INTERNAL CRITICISM
- The knowledge which informed it
- Intended purpose
INTERNAL CRITICISM
HISTORICAL CRITICISM ______ (_____)
- Garraghan (1950)
1. Date
2. Localization
3. Authorship
4. Analysis
5. Integrity
6. Credibility
HISTORICAL CRITICISM _______ and ________ (______)
- Howell and Prevenier (2001)
1. The genealogy of the document
2. The genesis of the document
3. The originality of the document
4. The interpretation of the document
5. The authorial authority of the document
6. The competence of the observer
7. The trustworthiness of the observer
History of history
Historiography
direct connection
Primary Sources
present at the same time of the event
Primary Sources
with eye witness
Primary Sources
interpreted sources
Secondary Sources
not present at the same time of the event
Secondary Sources
no eye witness
Secondary Sources
2 Question of connection
Direct = Primary
Creation = same time - primary
