RPH - INTRO - W1 Flashcards
History came from the Greek
historia
historia
knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation
historians lived with the mantra
no document, no history
history as discipline
became complex and dynamic inquiry
HISTORY
study of the past,
past events and causes of such events.
HISTORIOGRAPHY
history itself
ROLES OF HISTORY (4) SLLB
- States used history to unite a nation; as a tool to legitimize
regimes and forge a sense of collective identity through
collective memory - Lessons from the past can make sense of the present.
- Learning from past mistakes can help people not to repeat
them - Being reminded of a great past can inspire people to
continue their good practice.
original sources that contain important historical information
HISTORICAL SOURCES
Historians only access representation of the past through
historical sources and evidences.
3 TASKS OF HISTORIANS SGE
- Seek historical evidences and facts and
interpret these facts. Facts cannot speak for
themselves. - Give meaning to these facts and
organize them into timelines - Establish causes and write history.
comprises certain techniques and rules that historians follow to properly
utilize sources and historical evidences in writing
history. Certain rules apply in cases of conflicting
accounts in different sources and how to properly treat
eyewitness accounts and oral sources as valid historical evidence.
HISTORICAL METHODOLOGY
IMPORTANCE OF IC AND EC
- use of unverified, falsified, and untruthful historical sources can lead to equally false conclusions.
- without thorough criticisms of historical evidences, historical deception and lies will be highly probable
HISTORIAN ARE INFLUENCED BY THEIR
CONTEXT, ENVIRONMENT, IDEOLOGY, EDUCATION AND INFLUENCES
INTERPRETATION ARE AFFECTED BY
THEIR CONTEXT AND CIRCUMSTANCE
HISTORY IS
SUBJECTIVE
proven fact that something is legitimate or real
AUTHENTICITY
process of probing primary sources that will be used in writing history
HISTORICAL METHOD
EXAMINATION OF THE EVIDENCE
INTERNAL CRITISM
source of information such as entities and procession involved in producing or delivering artifacts
PROVENANCE
quality or power of inspiring belief
CREDIBILITY
3 EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL SOURCES
CREDIBILITY
AUTHENTICITY
PROVENANCE
is the practice of verifying the authenticity
of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the
historical characteristic of the time when
it was produced; and the materials used
for the evidence.
EXTERNAL CRITISM
LOWER CRITICISM
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
THINGS TO EXAMINE IN EXTERNAL CRITICISM
- QUALITY OF PAPER
- TYPE OF INK
- LANGUAGE, GRAMMAR, AND SPELLING
- HANDWRITING AND PRESENCE OF THE CREATOR’S SIGNATURE
focuses on understanding the substances and message that the historical material wants to convey by examining how the author framed the intent and meaning of a composed material
INTERNAL CRITICISM
determines the authenticity of the source or document by examining its physical characteristics. consistency with the historical chracteristics of the time when it was produced and the material used or the evidence
EXTERNAL CRITICISM
HIGER CRITICISM
INTERNAL CRITICISM
is the practice of verifying the authenticity
of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the
historical characteristic of the time when
it was produced; and the materials used
for the evidence.
is the practice of verifying the authenticity
of evidence by examining its physical
characteristics; consistency with the
historical characteristic of the time when
it was produced; and the materials used
for the evidence.
THINGS TO EXAMINE IN INTERNAL CRITICISM
- EYEWITNESS OR SECONDHAND ACCOUNT
- WHY WAS IT WRITTEN
- LITERAL MEANING
- INTERNAL CONSISTENCY
- CONNOTATIONS
personally written or narrated by an individual person who directly
experienced or participated in the said event.
PRIMARY SOURCES
These sources
usually contain
analyses of
primary sources
by experts,
academicians and
professionals.
SECONDARY SOURCES
PRIMARY SOURCES EXAMPLE
PHOTOGRAPHS, DIARY, NEWSPAPER
group of men and women who have chosen to express their Christian commitment
RELIGOUS CONGREGATIONS
5 REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES
NATIONAL LIBRARY
NATIONAL ARCHIVES
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
RELIGIOUS CONGREGATIONS
PRIVATELY OWNED MUSEUMS AND ARCHIVES
These are usually in the
form of published works
such as journals, article,
reviews, books,
conference papers and
documentaries.
SECONDARY SOURCES
Most scholars use the following questions in evaluating the
validity and credibility of sources of historical accounts.:
- How did the author know about the given
details? Was the author present at the event?
How soon was the author able to gather the
detail of the event? - Where did the information come from? Is it a
personal experience, an eyewitness account,
or a report made by another person? - Did the author conclude based on a single
source, or on many sources of evidence?
focus on official government records
NATIONAL ARCHIVES
serve as interpretations or readings of primary sources.
SECONDARY SOURCES
serve as the preeminent repository of information for that country. collect published materials, books, periodicals, and more
NATIONAL LIBRARY
under the care of private ownership
PRIVATELY OWNED MUSEUMS AND ARCHIVES
entities such as univ or college, has its own set of rules and business processes
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
4 KINDS OF PRIMARY SOURCES
TEXT
IMAGES
ARTWORK ARTIFACTS
AUDIO VISUAL
personal letters, autobiographies, diaries, journals, wills
TEXT
CAPTURE MOMENTS IN TIME AND CAN PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF CHANGES OVER TIME
IMAGES
PAINTING, SCULPTURE
HUMAN-MADE, HUMAN-DESIGNED OBJECTS
ARTWORK ARTIFACTS
RELIGOUS SERMONS, THEATRICAL PERFORMANCES, SONGS AND MUSIC, INTERVIEWS, ORAL STORY TELLING
AUDIO VISUAL
