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BDS2 CLINICAL Prosthodontics > RPD DESIGN - CONNECTORS > Flashcards

RPD DESIGN - CONNECTORS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a connector

A

Term used to describe the rigid part of a partial denture that units other components

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2
Q

What is a minor connector

A

Minor connectors join components such as rests to the major connector

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3
Q

What do minor connectors transfer

A

They transfer functional stresses to and from the abutment teeth

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4
Q

What should a minor connector be

A

Rigid
Finish above (towards occlusal surface) the survey line on teeth
Cross the gingival margin at right angles
Cover as little gingival tissue as possible

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5
Q

Why should a minor connector cross the GM at right angles

A

to maintain gingival health

if it comes in at acute angles you will create a space that food can pack into and irritate the gingiva

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6
Q

What are modifications made to minor connector based on

A

The fact that we don’t want lots of windows that are present because we were trying to cover as little gingival tissue as possible , these can be uncomfortable for the patient

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7
Q

What is a major connector

A

That part of the denture that connects components on one side of the arch to components arch to components on one side of the arch to components on the other side of the arch

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8
Q

What are the guidelines for major connectors

A

Be rigid (no modifications to this rule)
Avoid covering gingival margins
Be comfortable, with as few edges as possible
Cover as little tissues as is consistent with rigidity

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9
Q

When we say for the major connector to cover as little tissue as is consistent with rigidity, what is the exception to this

A

craddock class 3

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10
Q

What are modifications made to the major connector due to

A 
Base distribution 
Need for tissue support
Need for indirect retention
Anatomical limitations
Prognosis of the dentition 
Previous denture influence
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11
Q

What is a plate connector

A

made thinner in cross section

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12
Q

What are plates good options for

A

They are the option for mucosa support dentures

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13
Q

What is the disadvantage of the plate design

A

may cover gingival margins

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14
Q

How do plates maintain rigidity

A

depending on the coverage and shape of the mucosa areas, the plate may require to be thicker in cross section

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15
Q

If a plate is made thinner, what needs to be done to it

A

wider - wider spread on the mucosa

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16
Q

What is a bar

A

Must be made suitably thick in cross section to maintain rigidity

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17
Q

What is a bar a common choice for

A

craddock class 1

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18
Q

Why is a bar the default choice for the mandibular arch

A

less space

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19
Q

What is the advantage of a bar connector

A

less mucosal coverage

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20
Q

What are the maxillary connectors

A 
Anterior palatal strap 
Mid palatal strap 
Posterior palatal strap 
Anterior posterior ring
Horseshoe 
Full palatal coverage
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21
Q

What is an anterior plate good for

A

if you are avoiding a large torus

may provide indirect retention

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22
Q

What is the disadvantage of an anterior plate

A

lacks rigidity

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23
Q

What is the advantage of a mid palatal strap

A

leaves most gingival margin uncovered

incisive papillae is left uncovered so it is very well tolerated by patients

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24
Q

What is a posterior palatal bar

A

set to the anterior border of vibrating line

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25
Q

What is the advantage of the posterior palatal bar

A

Greater part of palate left uncovered

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26
Q

What is the disadvantage of the posterior palatal bar

A

Not well tolerated if patient has an easily triggered gag reflex

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27
Q

What is the anterior posterior ring design

A

bar

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28
Q

What is the advantage of the ring design

A

Window allows for sensation but also a plaque trap
Indicated where there is torus
Good rigidity for low bulk

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29
Q

What is the disadvantage of the ring design

A

Many edges for tongue to explore

Greater cross sectional thickness

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30
Q

What is the advantage of the full palatal plate

A

Can equally distribute forces between teeth and mucosa as it covers large areas

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31
Q

What is the disadvantage of the full palatal plate

A

It is possible to leave gingival margins of majority of teeth uncovered although this may act as a potential food trap
covers all the mucosa

32
Q

What is the horseshoe design

A

plate or bar

33
Q

What is the advantage of the horseshoe

A

A lot of palate uncovered

34
Q

What is the disadvantage of the horseshoe

A

Always preferable to keep incisive papilla uncovered if possible
Incisive papilla covered in this design

35
Q

What are the mandibular connectors

A 
lingual bar
lingual plate
dental bar
sublingual bar
labial bar
36
Q

When is a labial bar used

A

○ Used when the lower anterior teeth are lingually inclined and therefore preventing a lingual bar

37
Q

What is a lingual bar

A

w Ideal choice for mandible

38
Q

What is the advantage of a lingual bar

A

Well tolerated

Less of a plaque trap

39
Q

What is the disadvantage of the lingual bar

A

Cannot be used when there is inadequate space (lingual recession) or prominent lingual frenulum

40
Q

What is the space required for a lingual bar

A

○ 3mm clear of GM
○ 4mm for lingual bar
1mm above the raised functional depth of the floor of the mouth

41
Q

What are the advantages of a lingual plate

A

well tolerated, presenting a smooth surface to the tongue, and is largely self cleansing on the lingual surface
rests on teeth so acts as an indirect retainer on free end saddles

42
Q

How does a lingual plate act as an indirect retainer in free end saddles

A

○ Engages the mesial embrasure of abutment teeth so can’t move backwards

43
Q

What is the disadvantage of a lingual plate

A

GM covered - loss of natural friction and stagnation
Oral hygiene must be meticulous
Can act as a gum stripper

44
Q

What is the dental bar

A

Like a shortened lingual plate

Used when there is insufficient room between GM and floor of the mouth

45
Q

What is the advantages of a dental bar

A

Lies on the teeth to avoid gingival damage

46
Q

What is the disadvantages of a dental bar

A

w Difficult to ensure it is rigid
w Due to the reduced height available on lingual sides of the teeth, the bar must be considerably thicker than a plate and therefore bulkier
w Added bulk allows for debris to collect and some patients do not tolerate it well due to where the tip of the tongue sits in rest and in speech

47
Q

What is a sublingual bar

A

Superior border should be 3mm from the GM and the inferior border located at the height of the alveolar sulcus when the patient’s tongue is slightly elevated, allowing for function

48
Q

What is the disadvantage of a sublingual bar

A

Very good functional impression is required

49
Q

Which mandibular connectors do not provide bracing

A

sub lingual and lingual bar

50
Q

What mandibular connectors do not provide indirect retention

A

sub lingual bar
lingual bar
labial bar

51
Q

Which mandibular connectors do not have good rigidity

A

lingual bar
dental bar
labial bar

52
Q

Which mandibular connector is worst for hygiene

A

lingual plate

53
Q

Which mandibular connectors are worst tolerated

A

dental bar and labial bar

54
Q

What are different design systems seen for acrylic

A

spoon
modified spoon
every

55
Q

What is the advantage of the spoon acrylic design

A

§ Keeps GM clear

56
Q

What is the disadvantage of the spoon design

A

§ Inhalation risk

Ingestion risk

57
Q

What is the advantage of the modified spoon design

A

More stable

Can use frictional contact between connector and palatal surfaces of teeth

58
Q

What is the every design

A

All connector borders 3mm away from GM
Open design of saddle/tooth junction employed
Point contacts between the artificial teeth and abutment teeth are established
Posterior wire stops are included
Flanges are included

59
Q

Why are point contacts between artificial teeth and abutment teeth in the every design established

A

to reduce lateral stress to a minimum

60
Q

Why are there posterior wire stops in the every design

A

to prevent distal drift of the posterior teeth with consequence opening of the contact point. These ‘stops’ can also contribute to retention of the RPD posteriorly

61
Q

What is the function of flanges i the every design

A

to assist the bracing of the denture

62
Q

Why does an acrylic denture have to be bulky

A

weak material

causes issues with tolerance

63
Q

Why is beading (pin dam) done

A

useful to facilitate an intimate contact between the denture and the tissue that will prevent food ingression

64
Q

What does a closed design mean (gingival coverage)

A

means that there is more contact, greater retention, guide planes, possible increased irritation to gingival tissues

65
Q

What does an open design mean (no gingival coverage)

A

such as an every design means there is no gingival coverage, greater clearance and possible reduced irritation to gingival tissues

66
Q

What is mechanical retention in saddles used for

A

to retain the acrylic flange and teeth to the metal base

67
Q

Why is a stop required in edentulous areas

A

check the fit and ensure the denture does not rotate

68
Q

When are posts used for tooth position

A

insufficient space for a retention mesh

69
Q

Why are incisors often set with a space

A

o avoid pressure on the artificial toot

70
Q

When the occlusion is such that there is limited space between the incisor teeth, what can be done

A

a metal backing can be incorporated to provide an occlusal contact, therefore prevent pressure on the upper artificial tooth from de-bonding from the denture base

71
Q

What are the dimensions for a rest

A

0.5-1mm at junction with minor connector

72
Q

What are the dimensions for a lingual bar

A

4mm (height), 2mm thick, oval or pear shaped

73
Q

What are the dimensions for a sublingual bar

A

4mm, ‘kidney shaped’

74
Q

What are the dimensions of a maxillary connector

A

5mm clearance from GM

75
Q

What are the dimensions of a bead line

A

0.5mm deep to 1mm wide

76
Q

What are the dimensions for minor connectors

A

2mm wide, 1.5mm thick

77
Q

What are the dimensions for a clasp

A

15mm long, engages 0.25mm undercut

BDS2 CLINICAL Prosthodontics (16 decks)

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