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Prosthodontics > RPD DESIGN 3: Connectors > Flashcards

RPD DESIGN 3: Connectors Flashcards

1
Q

Define a connector

A

Rigid part of an RPD that unites other components

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2
Q

State the guidelines for minor connectors (4)

A
  1. Be rigid
  2. Finish above the survey line of teeth
  3. Cross gingival margin at right angles (to maintain gingival health)
  4. Cover as little gingival tissue as possible
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3
Q

Modifications for minor connectors

A

Avoid multiple windows

- So cover gingival margins rather than having lots of windows (consider oral hygiene of patient)

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4
Q

Define a minor connector

A

> Joins components like rests to the major connector

> Transfer functional stresses to and from the abutment teeth

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5
Q

Define a major connector

A

> Connects components of 1 side of the arch to components on the other side of the arch

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6
Q

State the guidelines for major connectors (4)

A
  1. Be rigid
  2. Avoid covering gingival margins
  3. Be comfortable with as few edges as possible
  4. Cover as little tissue as is consistent with rigidity
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7
Q

Give some reasons why there may need to be modifications applied to the major connector guidelines (4)

A
  1. Base distribution
  2. Need for tissue support
  3. Need for indirect retention
  4. Previous denture influence
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8
Q

What are the main forms of major connector (2)

A
  1. Plate/strap

2. Bar

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9
Q

What type of major connector is most likely used for mucosal supported designs (Craddock class 2) ?

A

Plate design

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10
Q

Properties of a plate connector

A

Can be made thinner in cross-section (minimum 0.5mm) and still maintain rigidity

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11
Q

Why are plate designs not normally recommended for mandibular designs?

A

They may cover gingival margins

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12
Q

When would a plate need to be used in the mandibular arch?

A

When there is no space available for a bar

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13
Q

Compare the size difference between plates/bars

A

PLATE
- Thinner and covers more tissue

BARS
- Thicker to maintain rigidity and covers less tissue

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14
Q

State the advantage of a bar connector

A

Less mucosal coverage + coverage of gingival margins

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15
Q

What type of major connector is most likely used for tooth supported designs? (Craddock class 1)?

A

Bars

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16
Q

State the cross-sectional thickness of a lingual bar

A

2mm to maintain rigidity

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17
Q

State the default connector for the mandibular arch

A

Bar - as less space is available

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18
Q

Why are there no acrylic bars?

A

Not strong enough

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19
Q

List the maxillary connectors (6)

A
  1. Anterior palatal strap
  2. Mid-palatal strap
  3. Posterior palatal strap
  4. Anterior and posterior strap (ring)
  5. Horseshoe
  6. Full palatal coverage
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20
Q

List the additional acrylic maxillary connectors (3)

A
  1. Spoon
  2. Modified spoon
  3. Every
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21
Q

List the mandibular connectors

A
  1. Lingual bar
  2. Lingual plate
  3. Dental bar
  4. Sublingual bar
  5. Labial bar
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22
Q

What is a lingual bar combined with a dental bar referred to as?

A

Continuous clasp

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23
Q

What’s the default connector for the mandibular arch?

A

Lingual bar

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24
Q

What connector is used if there isn’t 8mm clearance from gingival margin to functional floor of mouth for a lingual bar

A

Lingual plate

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25
Q

What mandibular connectors are usually avoided?

A
  1. Dental bar

2. Sub-lingual

26
Q

State an advantage and a disadvantage of continuous clasps

A
  1. Give lots of indirect retention
  2. Cover all cingulum of the teeth
    Moveable and uncomfortable for patients
27
Q

Disadvantage of a lingual plate

A

Covers all the gingival margins as it goes up to cingulum of teeth

28
Q

Advantage of a lingual plate

A

Thinner and provides with indirect retention

29
Q

Advantage of a continuous clasp

A

Lots of indirect retention

30
Q

Disadvantages of a continuous clasp (2)

A

> Covers all the cingulum of the teeth

> Moveable and uncomfortable for the patients

31
Q

Advantage of a dental bar

A

Doesn’t go over soft tissue, stops roughly 1mm short of the gingival margin so doesn’t make a plaque trap

32
Q

Disadvantage of a dental bar

A

Quite bulky to achieve rigidity so patients don’t like it much due to irritation

33
Q

When is a dental bar used?

A
  1. If crowns are very large

2. Insufficient room between the gingival margin and the floor of the mouth for sublingual /lingual bar

34
Q

Why is a sublingual bar usually avoided

A

Must record the functional floor of the mouth - if not reordered correctly it will be very uncomfortable for the patient

35
Q

Advantage of a sublingual bar

A

Below patients tongue so not as noticeable for patient

36
Q

When is the labial bar used (very rare)

A

Only when lower anterior teeth are lingually inclined, preventing a lingual bar

37
Q

Describe how the 8mm height of a lingual bar is achieved

A
  • 3mm from gingival margin
  • 4mm height of the bar
  • 1mm clearance to functional floor of the mouth
38
Q

How can major connectors also act as indirect retention

A

By resisting movement about the axis of rotation

39
Q

Disadvantages of a Anterior posterior ring design (3)

A
  1. Offers less support to the free end saddle across the hard palate (narrow coverage)
  2. There are a number of edges that the patient may find uncomfortable
  3. Greater cross sectional thickness
40
Q

Advantages of an anterior posterior ring design (3)

A
  1. Little coverage of gingival tissue
  2. Rigid connector
  3. Wide relief of gingival margins to prevent food impaction
41
Q

Advantages of beading

A

Intimate contact between the denture + the tissue will prevent food ingression

42
Q

Where is beading done?

A

All the way around the border but stops 3mm from the gingival margin

43
Q

Advantage of a closed denture design

A

More contact- so gives greater retention and guide planes

44
Q

Disadvantages of a closed denture design

A

Possible increased irritation to gingival tissues

45
Q

Advantages of an open denture design (2)

A

Greater clearance

Reduced irritation to gingival tissues

46
Q

What design is normally preferred, open or closed?

A

Closed - especially at the top

47
Q

What is required on edentulous areas of an acrylic denture?

A

A STOP:

Needed to check the fit and ensure the denture does not rotate

48
Q

What can happen when vertical space is restricted in a denture?

A

The metal plate can contact the mucosa

49
Q

Purpose of posts in a denture

A

Retain the teeth- prevent them ‘pinging off’

This is common in anterior teeth

50
Q

What may be needed when occlusion is limited, or a deep overlap is encountered?

A

A metal backing

A metal base can provide this backing

51
Q

What is the preferred material for connectors?

A

Metal (cobalt chrome)

- High strength, less bulk, less tissue coverage (gingival margin

52
Q

When may acrylic be used as a connector?

A

In the maxilla if the area being covered is large

53
Q

State the dimensions of a rest

A

0.5-1mm at junction with minor connector

54
Q

Give the dimensions of a lingual bar.

A

Height- 4mm

Thickness- 2mm, oval or half pear shape

55
Q

Give the dimensions of a sub-lingual bar.

A

Thickness- 4mm

Kidney shaped

56
Q

Give the dimensions of maxillary connectors.

A

5mm clearance from the gingival margin

Bead- 0.5mm deep to 1mm wide

57
Q

Give the dimensions of bar maxillary connectors

A

Width- 6mm

Thickness- 1.5mm

58
Q

Give the dimensions of plate/strap maxillary connectors

A

Thickness 0.4mm minimum

59
Q

Give the dimensions of minor connectors

A

Width- 2mm

Thickness- 1.5mm

60
Q

Give the dimensions of cast clasps

A

Length 15mm to engage 0.25mm

Prosthodontics (4 decks)

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