Rpa

Question 1

Explain why diamond is very hard whilst graphite is very soft -refer to structure.

Answer 1

For diamond each carbon atom forms 4 strong covalent bonds, these covalent bonds are giant covalent bonds. The giant covalent bonds require a significant amount of energy to break, making diamomd very hard.

In graphite each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds, creating layers of hexagonal rings. The layers are are held together by weak van der waals forces, allowing them to slide over one another. This structure results in a slippery and soft metal

Question 2

Rates of reaction

Answer 2

React calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid in conical flask with a bung and tube leading to an inverted measuring cylinder filled with water. Record volume of gas made every 10 seconds