Row Frames (construction/fire travel/characteristics)s Flashcards
Row Frames?
- 2 to 5 stories
- 20-30 feet wide
- depths 40-60 feet
- with or without cornices
- stoops similar to brownstones, but all wood
Rowframe/BROWNSTONE type layout?
3 FRONT WINDOws per floor w/one apartment going front to rear and NO REAR FIRE ESCAPE
Rowframe/OLT TYpe?
railroad flat with 2 apartments per floor
- 4 WINDOWS ACROSS, with a rear fire escape
- dumbwaiter shaft
- light shafts
Rowframes are either…?
BALLON FRAME
OR
BRACE FRAME CONSTRUCTION
- these buildings are large rectangular boxes of dry lumber, danger of fire spread in all directions
- INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION similar to tenements and brownstones, usually wood lathe and plaster
EXTERIOR IS WOOD, OR VENEER OVER OUTER WOOD SHEATHING (brownstone have NON COMBUSTIBLE outer shall)
The salient feature common to all, regardless of variation in design is….?
COMMON COCKLOFT
vary in height from 1 foot tall to enough for a man to STAND IN
-common cornices may be present
How do we gain entrance to roof from interior of the building..?
SCUTTLE- iron ladder from top floor
-usually NEAR SKYLIGHT OVER STAIRS (brownstone is closet)
Cellars?
lack of fire stopping-fire travel from one cellar to another, sometimes cellar runs under more than one building with no separation
-common partition walls between building permit fire spread
LIFE HAZARD IS GREAT duet to the LARGE NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS and RAPIDITY OF FIRE SPREAD
Major defects or faults in construction are the…?
LACK OF FIRE STOPPING
and
QUANTITY OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
HORIZONTAL fire spread?
COMMON COCKLOFT
- common cornice
- common cellars
- wood cellar beams
- thins flimsy walls BETWEEN BUILDINGS
- via WINDOWS and SIDING TO ADJOINING BUILDINGS
presence of store may add to fire…TIN CEILINGS WILL MAKE OPENING UPMORE DIFFICULT
Vertically:
- pipe recesses
- via light/air shafts
- auto exposure front /rear windows/siding
- interior walls/partitions
DANGER OF COLLAPSE with FIRES in this type of structure is …?
A FACTOR DESERVING CONSIDERATION
Collapse..?
- heavy fire in cockloft will burn roof supports and collapse roof into top floor
- rear walls can pull away from the building and collapse in one section
- collapse of sidewalls is a danger, especially true when building in a ROW HAVE BEEN DEMOLISHED OR REMOVED
- when a serious fire burns out the entire first floor, there is a danger of collapse, especially in corner buildings and buildings standing alone
- steel plating on interior/exterior walls will add to weight of collapse
- weight of FIRE ESCAPE can cause COMPLETE COLLAPSE of an exterior wall
VISUAL check of rear and sides from ROOF LEVEL, is responsibility of…?
1st LADDER
2nd ladder- CHECK REAR AND SIDES FOR EXTENSION AND VICTIMS
For fires on the TOP FLOOR…2nd LADDER WILL…?
check EXPOSURES for extension
Light fire situation…?
fire which can be extinguished with the operation of one handline and /or hand extinguisher or those that can be readily extinguished without resorting to extinguishing agents
MEDIUM FIRE SITUATION?
indicates a FIRE WHICH CAN BE EXTINGUISHED WITH THE OPERATION OF 2 HANDLINES
At a TOP FLOOR FIRE, (BROWNSTONE TYPE LAYOUT)who is responsible for VEIS of top floor and EXAMINATION OF COCKLOFT?
1ST LADDER -INSDIE TEAM
AT A TOP FLOOR FIRE (BROWNSTONE TYPE), the 2nd LADDER WILL..?
SPLIT COMPANY AND EXAMINE EXPOSURES 2 AND 4 for extension
TOP FLOOR fire, (OLT TYPE)…1st LADDER INSIDE TEAM..?
VEIS of the FIRE APARTMENT-examine cockloft
2nd LADDER TEAM at TOP FLOOR FIRE (OLT type layout)..?
VEIS ADJOINING APARTMENT- examine cockloft
1ST DUE- LCC…?
shall no operate in a manner that will in any way impeded their return to the pedestal and cause a delay in positioning or repositioning the aerial for rescue or removal operations
-THE LCC MUST NOTIFY THE COMPANY OFFICER OF INTENDED DESTINATION WHEN LEAVING THIS PRIMARY POSITION
LCC- COMPLETE COVERAGE…UNABLE TO DO SO..?
NOTIFY INCIDENT COMMANDER
LCC raise aerial to roof, then?
WAIT FOR COMPLETION OF ROOF SIZE UP
ROOF indicates NEED FOR LSR..?
LCC will proceed to the roof to assist
Variation from normal LCC duties..?
KNOWN LIFE HAZARD
- aerial ladder/portable ladder rescue in front of building
- LSR RESCUE
In a RF (brownstone type) LCC will VEIS.?
TOP FLOOR (team up with 2nd LCC)
In a RF (OLT type) LCC will VEIS..?
FIRE APARTMENT (team up with 2nd Lcc) -then adjoining , then floor(s) above
Fire on 1st or 2nd floor, VEIS..?
FROM PORTABLE LADDERS
FIRE ON 3RD FLOOR AND ABOVE?
AERIAL
OV…TOP FLOOR FIRE?
1ST DUE LADDER
SAW AND HALLIGAN
OV..TOP FLOOR FIRE..?
- proceed to roof and descend FIRE ESCAPE FOR VEIS
- unable to descend, NOTIFY LCO and attempt to vent fire apt. from roof, then assist with roof vent
At BROWNSTONE type ROWFRAMES…?
10’ HOOK OR 10’ SCISSOR LADDER can be taken to rear to assist with venting or gaining access
Rear rescue needed…NOTIFT?
OFFICER AND IC
-floor and exact location of victim
If LADDERING is practical for rear rescue..?
NOTIFY IC
- DETERMINE LADDER SIZE
- DETERMINE ACCESS TO REAR
LADDER IMPRACTICAL…OV Should make decision to stay or proceed to roof to assist in LSR..based on?
- EMOTIONAL STATE OF VICTIM
- FIRE AND SMOKE IN IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF VICTIM
- FIRE LOCATION AND SEVERITY
OV..(BROWNSTONE TYPE LAYOUT).NO REAR RESCUE and UNABLE TO ENTER AND SEARCH…?
RETURN TO FRONT OF THE BUILDING TO TEAM UP WITH LCC FOR TOP FLOOR VEIS
BUILDING WITH REAR FIRE ESCAPE?
TEAM UP WITH ROOF FOR VEIS OF FIRE FLOOR, and when not needed for search, PROCEED TO VEIS FLOORS ABOVE
ROOF FF…1ST LADDER(BROWNSTONE TYPE RF)…TOOLS
- HT
- FLASHLIGHT
- 6’ HALLIGAN HOOK
- HALLIGAN
- LSR
ROOF ACCES…?
- AERIAL LADDER
- 2ND DUE AERIAL
- ADJOINING (NOT IMMEDIATE)
Roof..when trapped occupants are noted..?
- assure victim
- notify LCO
- LSR NEEDED–NOTIFY LCC
INITIAL VERTICAL ventilation tactics must be directed by LCO…Includes..?
- venting of bulkhead
- venting of skylight
- venting of scuttles
Venting skylight..procedure..?
- warn units via H/T
- break out small pane first as a warning to members to stay close to wall
- break out larger panes
When building has rear fire escape…1st due ROOF..?
after completing roof vent, descend fire escape and team up with 1st due OV
SCUTTLE, SHALL never be used to descend to the lower floors, unless?
fire is UNDER CONTROL
When does the ROOF FF utilize saw for ventilation?
after completing initial duties
2nd due LADDER..?
ALL FLOORS above fire floor for VEIS AND CHECK FOR EXTENSION
TOP FLOOR FIRE…BROWNSTONE TYPE RF….2nd ladder.?
split company and check exposure 2 and 4 for extension in cockloft
INSIDE TEAM SHOULD OPERATE IN MOST SEVER EXPOSURE
OLT TYPE ROW FRAME…2ND DUE LADDER?
INSIDE TEAM PROCEED TO TOP FLOOR..VEIS ADJOINING APARTMENT-examination of cockloft
-in both situations (brownstone/olt)..2ND DUE LCC CAN BE ASSIGNED TO EXPOSURE, when they are no longer needed for laddering ops on front of building
What must be given serious consideration as it pertains to fire extension…?
COMMON INTERIOR SHAFTS
TOP FLOOR FIRE in BROWNSTONE TYPE RF…CAN FF OF 2ND LADDER?
MAY TAKE 2 SIX FOOT HOOKS INSTEAD OF CAN
Olt- top floor fire. Can will take 2 -6 ft hooks in lieu of extinguisher
Inside Team of 2nd due LADDER…TOP FLOOR FIRE IN BROWNSTONE RF?
MOST SEVERE EXPOSURE
- examine cockloft/inspection holes in each room
- don’t pull entire ceiling until a charge hoseline is in place
- fire in cockloft…NOTIFY IC
- fire can be stopped in this building..CALL FOR HANDLINE
When a stop cannot be made..INSIDE TEAM MUST?
-MOVE TO ADDITIONAL EXPOSURES
THIS MIGHT ENTAIL SKIPPING A BUILDING
2nd LCC.TOP FLOOR FIRE..? BROWNSTONE TYPE RF
No longer needed at AERIAL, GO INTO EXPOSURE ad directed…VEIS TOP FLOOR AND EXAMINE COCKLOFT
-when exposed building is IDLH, team up with another member
2ND OV ?BROWNSTONE TYPE RF- TOP FLOOR FIRE
No rear fire escape…team up with 2ND LCC FOR EXPOSURE EXAMINATION OR PROCEED TO ROOF
rear fire escape- VEIS top floor when team up with 1ST OV
2ND ROOF FF? TOP FLOOR FIRE BROWNSTONE TYPE RF
SAW AND HALLIGAN HOOK
ROOF OF FIRE BUILDING
-ASSIST IN VENT of building and exposures
RETURNS REMOTE FROM THE FIRE SHOULD BE AVOIDED
TOP FLOOR FIRE IN OLT TYPE RF…
2ND DUE INSIDE TEAM?
VEIS ADJOINING APARTMENT of top floor including examination of cockloft
2nd due LCC? TOP FLOOR FIRE..OLT TYPE RF?
-no longer need for laddering, EXAMINE EXPOSURE AS DIRECTED BY LCO
exposure is IDLH, MUST TEAM UP
2ND DUE OV…RF type Olt. Top floor fire?
- fire escape
- VEIS TOP FLOOR, team up with 1st OV
2ND DUE ROOF…OLT RF?
SAW AND HALLIGAN HOOK
PROCEED TO ROOF
-assist in roof vent and exposures
1st DUE LAdder…TOWER LADDER…?
LCC- REMAIN AT PEDESTAL
OV-OPERATES FROM BASKET
ROOF-BASKET TO ROOF- SAW AND LSR
BROWNSTONE TYPE RF…OV OF TOWER LADDER? 1ST DUE
- wait for completion of roof size up
- vent fire floor/then vent top floor VEIS, team up
OLT type RF…OV OF TOWER LADDER? 1ST DUE
- wait for completion of roof size up
- vent fire floor
ROOF FF…1ST DUE OF TL? BROWNSTONE TYPE
- roof via basket, 2nd due aerial, adjoining (not immediate)
- initial roof duties, then team up with OV FOR TOP FLOOR VEIS
ROOF FF…1ST DUE OF TL? OLT TYPE RF
- roof via basket, 2nd due aerial, adjoining, not immediate
- initial roof duties/fire escape to fire floor for VEIS (team up with 2nd due Roof)
2nd due LADDER? 1ST IS TL
LCC does not report to PEDESTAL, assigned other duties:
- examine exposures
- assist with roof ops
- team up with another member
All interior hoselines in Row Frames are..?
1 3/4” hoseline
Engine company stretching a hoseline to top floor of an exposure to extinguish cockloft fire, take?
6 ft hook to pull ceilings
CELLAR FIRE…?
1st hoseline-front door to cell via interior stairs
- can’t be advanced down interior stairs, MUST BE USED TO PROTECT PUBLIC HALL, interior stairs and the first floor,
- can be advanced to top floor for extension or cockloft control AFTER CELLAR FIRE has been controlled by the 2nd line…intervening floors must be checked on way up and a member must be stationed on the landing to warn of any fire that may break out below them
2nd line-back up first hoseline
- if first advanced to cellar and back up not needed, may advance to top floor as stated above
- if first is used to cover the first floor and public hallway and backup not needed, 2nd line may be stretched VIA OUTSIDE CELLAR ENTRANCE TO EXTINGUISH FIRE
3RD LINE- ORDERS OF IC
FIRE ON 1ST FLOOR?
1st line- stretched to location of fire
2nd line-if not needed to back up the first line, stretched to the floor above the fire
Brownstone type RF- 1st line-front door to extinguish fire
2nd line- if not needed as back up- through parlor floor to maintain stairway integrity
3rd line- IC orders:
- fire building
- exposure
- supply a TL
- through EXPOSURE TO REAR YARD
FIRE ON UPPER FLOOR?
1ST line- location of fire, via interior stairs-sufficient length to cover entire building
2nd line-if not needed to back up first, stretched to top floor or floor above...IF FIRE IS REPORTED IN EXPOSURE, 2ND LINE MAY BE MORE EFFECTIVE IN EXPOSURE(cover entire building), with 3rd or 4th line backing up first, 3rd line-ordered by IC -fire building -exposure -supply a TL -through exposure to rear yard
BUILDING FULLY INVOLVED?
1st engine company-stretch one 3 1/2” for TL and one for fire building
1st line- fire building via front door
2nd line- if not needed to back up first, TOP FLOOR MOST SEVER EXPOSURE-check intermediate floors
3rd line- 2nd backing up first, 3rd used for TOP FLOOR MOST SEVER EXPOSURE, if 2nd line is in most sever exposure, 3rd should go to OPPOSITE EXPOSURE
4th line-orders of IC
Vacant building in a row of occupied Frames?
first engine- drop 2 handlines - handline and 3.5 inch line for TL
1st hoseline- most SEVER EXPOSURE
2ND hoseline- not needed to backup first, OPPOSITE EXPOSURE
3rd line- fire building or to OPPOSITE EXPOSURE, depending on 2nd line
4th line- IC orders
occupied exposures first consideration
Vacnt Building in A Row?
first engine- 3.5 inch to supply TL and first line for exterior use–position for multiversal ..ILP should be considered
1st line- operate from exterior until TL, mulit or LCS is placed in operation, then stretched line to most sever exposure
2nd line-back up first or stretch through OPPOSITE EXPOSURE OR THROUGH EXPOSURE TO REAR YARD
additional lines- IC
Floor fully involved front to rear?
additional ENGINE AND LADDER
2 OR MORE FLOORS FULLY INVOLVED, TOP FLOOR FIRE EXTENDED INTO COCKLOFT?
2ND ALARM
TWO BUILDINGS INVOLVED ?
2ND ALARM
BEYOND 2 BUILDINGS?
3RD ALARM
Fire is of multiple alarm proportion?
set up perimeter …
- heavy caliber streams in front and rear
- 1 3/4” lines flanking sides and moving toward center of the fire
Charged hoselines in postion..?
ceilings pulled to expose and extinguish fire in common cockloft, when possible, after cockloft is vented
SECONDARY to Life hazard, biggest problem in ROW FRAMES is fire extending to EXPOSURES, via ?
cockloft, SHAFTS, and NARROW SEPARATIONS BETWEEN BUILDINGS
