Routine Care of the Healthy Patient

Question 1

Gold standard for efficacy of screening

Answer 1

Decreased mortality as demonstrated by RCTs

Question 2

In studies of screening tests, this type of bias occurs when survival appears to be longer because of earlier detection

Answer 2

Lead-time bias

Question 3

In studies of screening tests, this type of bias occurs when survival appears to be longer because persons who are able to participate in clinical trials often have less aggressive disease

Answer 3

Length bias

Question 4

Blood pressure screening interval recommendations

Answer 4

Every 2 years if normal, every year if pre-hypertensive

Question 5

Waist circumference associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease

Answer 5

> 102 cm in men, >88 cm in women

Question 6

Single best predictor of low bone mineral density

Answer 6

Weight below 70 kg (154 lb)

Question 7

Preferred screening test for osteoporosis

Answer 7

Dual-energy x-ray absorpiometry at the femoral neck

Question 8

All pregnant women should be screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria using urine culture at this age of gestation

Answer 8

12-16 weeks

Question 9

Age at which routine screening for colorectal cancer is no longer recommended

Answer 9

75 years

Question 10

Screening for cervical cancer should start within this duration after onset of sexual activity

Answer 10

3 years (but not later than age 21 years)

Question 11

Pattern of inheritance: multiple generations of affected relatives, both males and females

Answer 11

Autosomal dominant

Question 12

Pattern of inheritance: siblings more likely to be affected than parents

Answer 12

Autosomal recessive

Question 13

Pattern of inheritance: only males are affected, all related through their mothers and no male-to-male transmission

Answer 13

X-linked recessive

Question 14

Pattern of inheritance: half of male and female children of affected mothers will be affected; no male-to-male transmission, but all daughters of affected fathers will be affected

Answer 14

X-linked dominant

Question 15

This refers to the likelihood of developing a disease given the inheritance of an autosomal dominant mutation

Answer 15

Penetrance

Question 16

Recommended duration and frequency of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy adults

Answer 16

30 minutes 5 days per week

Question 17

Recommended duration and frequency of vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise in healthy adults

Answer 17

20 minutes 3 days per week

Question 18

Main side effect of varenicline

Answer 18

Nausea

Question 19

Adjunctive drug therapy for alcohol dependence which causes flushing, sweating, nausea, and tachycardia when the patient ingests alcohol

Answer 19

Disulfiram
(contraindicated with alcohol-containing preparations, metronidazole, severe cardiac disease, and unwillingness to completely abstain from alcohol)

Question 20

Adjunctive drug therapy for alcohol dependence which reduces alcohol cravings and causes a lesser reward in response to drinking

Answer 20

Naltrexone

contraindicated in liver disease or if taken with opioids

Question 21

Adjunctive drug therapy for alcohol dependence which reduces abstinence-related symptoms

Answer 21

Acamprosate

contraindicated in severe renal disease

Question 22

Definition of “moderate drinking”

Answer 22

2 or less in men, 1 or less in women or if over 65 years

Question 23

Definition of “at-risk drinking”

Answer 23

Men >14 drinks per week or >4 drinks per occasion, women >7 drinks per week or >3 drinks per occasion