Routes of Administration, Onset Of Action, Peak Effect, Duration Of Action

Question 1

ABIXIMAB

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 1

Routes of Administration: Intravenous bolus followed by infusion

Onset of Action: A few minutes

Peak Effects: In less than 30 minutes

Duration of Action: Two phased elimination results in restoration of platelet function to >50% after 24 hours, approximately 85% after 48 hours and low levels of GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade present for up to 10 days post infusion.

Question 2

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, ASPIRIN, ASA

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 2

Routes of Administration: Oral

Onset of Action: 20-30 minutes

Peak Effects: 2 hours

Duration of Action: 4-6 hours

Question 3

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID, ASPIRIN, ASA (EMT Administration)

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 3

Routes of Administration: Oral

Onset of Action: 20-30 minutes

Peak Effects: 2 hours

Duration of Action: 4-6 hours

Question 4

ADENOSINE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 4

Routes of Administration: Rapid IV push

Onset of Action: Seconds

Peak Effects: Seconds

Duration of Action: 10-12 seconds (1/2 life 5 seconds)

Question 5

ALUTEROL SULFATE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 5

Routes of Administration: Nebulized, mouth piece or in-line via mask Inhaler, patients own ET/NT in-line

Onset of Action: 5-15 minutes

Peak Effects: 30 minutes - 2 hours

Duration of Action: 3-4 hours

Question 6

AMIODARONE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 6

Route of Administration: IV/IO bolus, IV/IO infusion

Onset of Action: Variable

Peak effects: Variable

Duration of Action: Half-life may exceed 40 days.

Question 7

ATROPINE SULFATE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 7

Routes of Administration: Intravenous, intraosseous, intrathecal, or intramuscular (using AtroPen); okay for endotracheal use if necessary.

Onset of Action: Rapid, 1 minute

Peak Effects: IV – 2-5 minutes IM – 30 minutes

Duration of Action: Half-life – 2 to 3 hours Terminal half-life – 12.5 hours

Question 8

BUMETANIDE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 8

Onset of Action: IV – immediate

Peak Effect: IV – 15 to 30 minutes

Duration of Action: 2 to 4 hours

Question 9

CALCIUM CHLORIDE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 9

Routes of Administration: IV bolus

Onset of Action: Seconds

Peak Effects: 3 - 5 minutes

Duration of Action: 15-30 minutes

Question 10

CALCIUM GLUCONATE GEL, 2.5%

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 10

Onset of Action: Immediate

Peak Effects: Unknown

Duration of Action: Unknown

Question 11

CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED (without sorbitol)

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 11

Routes of Administration: Oral (po), nasogastric tube (ng), orogastric (og)

Onset of Action: Immediate

Peak Effects: Not applicable

Duration of Action: Dependent upon GI function; acts until excreted

Question 12

CIMETIDINE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 12

Routes of Administration:
IV infusion – Piggy back

Onset of Action: Unknown
Peak Effects: Immediate
Duration of Action: Unknown

Question 13

DEXAMETHASONE SODIUM PHOSPHATE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 13

Routes of Administration: IV/IO/IM
Onset of Action: 4-8 hours
Peak Effects: 6-12 hours
Duration of Action: 24-72 hours

Question 14

DEXTROSE 50%

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 14

Routes of Administration: IV bolus (rapid)
Onset of Action: Seconds
Peak Effects: Variable
Duration of Action: Variable

Question 15

DIAZEPAM

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 15

Routes of Administration:
Slow IV push
Rectally for children < 6 years
Onset of Action: Minutes
Peak Effects: Minutes
Duration of Action:
20 minutes to 50 minutes

Question 16

DILTIAZEM

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 16

Route of Administration: Intravenous bolus(es) followed by a maintenance infusion
Continuous infusion for maintenance
Dosage: 5 to 10 mg/hr initially; may be adjusted to 15mg/hr if needed
Onset of Action: IV - immediately
Peak Effects: IV - 2 hours or less
Duration of Action: IV - 4 to 6 hours

Question 17

DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCL

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 17

Routes of Administration: IV/IO, Deep IM
Onset of Action: IV 5 - 10 minutes
Peak Effects: 1 hour
Duration of Action: 3-6 hours

Question 18

DOPAMINE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 18

Routes of Administration: IV infusion
Onset of Action: Almost immediate, upon presentation to central circulation
Peak Effects: 5-10 minutes
Duration of Action: Effects cease almost immediately when infusion is shut off

Question 19

EPINEPHRINE AUTO-INJECTOR

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 19

Route of Administration: IM, only into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh (through clothing if necessary)
Onset of Action: Seconds
Peak Effects: Minutes
Duration of Action: Several minutes

Question 20

EPINEPHRINE HCL

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 20

Routes of Administration:
Cardiac: IV push, IV infusion, ET, or IO
Asthma/anaphylaxis/bronchiolitis: IM, SC, SL injection, IV, ET, IO
Onset of Action: Seconds
Peak Effects: Minutes
Duration of Action: Several minutes

Question 21

EPTIFIBATIDE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 21

Routes of Administration: Intravenous bolus followed by infusion
Onset of Action: A few minutes
Peak Effects: Early peak in less than 30 minutes, infusion steady state peak in 4 to 6 hours.
Duration of Action: Platelet function restores 2 to 4 hours after eptifibatide infusion is discontinued

Question 22

ETOMIDATE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 22

Route of Administration: IV
Onset of Action: 1 minute

Duration of Action: 3-5 minutes

Question 23

FAMOTIDINE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 23

Routes of Administration: IV infusion – Piggy back
Onset of Action: 1 hour
Peak Effects: 1-4 hours
Duration of Action: 12 hours

Question 24

FENTANYL CITRATE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 24

Routes of Administration: Usually given IV/IO in the field, can be given IM or IN.
Peak Effects: Within 5-15 minutes when given IV/IO/IN. Less predictable when given IM. Peak respiratory depressant effect within 5-15 minutes after onset of analgesic effect.

Question 25

FUROSEMIDE

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 25

Routes of Administration: Slow IV push

Onset of Action: 5 minutes (vasodilation)
Peak Effects: 20-60 minutes (diuresis)
Duration of Action: Variable

Question 26

GLUCAGON

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 26

Routes of Administration: Hypoglycemia: IM or SC administration avoids possibility of inducing encephalopathy in a thiamine-deficient patient
Onset of Action: (dose and route dependent)
1 mg IM, 8-10 minutes IV, 1 minute
Peak Effects: (does and route dependent)
1 mg IM, 12-14 minutes IV, 3-6 minutes
Duration of Action: (dose and route dependent)
1 mg IM, 12-27 minutes IV, 20 minutes

Question 27

HEMOSTATIC AGENTS

route of administration, onset of action, peak effects & duration

Answer 27

Routes of Administration: Topical gauze or dressing
Onset of Action: Immediate
Peak Effects: 5 minutes
Duration of Action: Unknown