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AWS Solutions Architect > Route 53 > Flashcards

Route 53 Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNS?

A

Domain Name System. Translates human-friendly hostnames to IP addresses.

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2
Q

What is a Domain Registrar?

A

The place where you register your domain name.
Route 53,
GoDaddy,
etc.

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3
Q

What is Route 53? What else does it do?

A

A highly available (100%), scalable, fully managed DNS that you can update (i.e. authoritative). Directs traffic in or out.

  • domain registrar
  • performs health checks
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4
Q

What is a DNS record? What is included in the record?

A

Instructions on how to route traffic for a domain. Contains:
• domain/subdomain name (example.com)
• Record type (AAAA)
• Value (12.34.56.78)
• Routing Policy (how Route 53 responds to queries)
• TTL (time before cache expires)

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5
Q

What DNS record types are supported by Route 53?

A 
A - maps a hostname to IPv4
AAAA - maps to IPv6
CNAME - maps to another hostname (but not top node aka Zone Apex of a DNS namespace)
NS - Name Servers for the Hosted Zone
others
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6
Q

What is a hosted zone? What kinds are there?

A

A Hosted Zone is a container of records (instructions on how to route traffic), all belonging to a single domain name. (Hosted Zone & domain have the same name).

Types: Public and Private

50 cents/month per hosted zone

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a public Hosted Zone?

A

Has records that tell you how to route traffic to and from the internet.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a private Hosted Zone?

A

Has records that tell you how to route traffic WITHIN a VPC or between VPCs.

You can integrate with on-prem private zones using forwarding rules and endpoints.

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9
Q

I created an AWS resource and exposed a hostname: “lb1-1234.us-east-2.elb.amazonaws.com” but I want to use “myapp.mydomain.com”. What type of DNS record can I use?

A

CNAME record: maps hostname to hostname. Works on anything except the ROOT domain (mydomain.com)

ALIAS record: Rte 53 only. Maps hostname to AWS resource.
• Works for any domain, root or not.
• FREE.
• ✅ Has native health check.
• for A or AAAA (IPv4 or IPv6)
• automatically recognizes changes in target IP
• you can NOT set the TTL (Rte 53 does that)

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10
Q

What are the potential targets of an ALIAS record?

A 
ELB
CloudFront
API Gateway
Elastic Beanstalk
S3 Websites
VPC interface endpoints
Global Accelerator
Another Rte 53 record in the same Hosted Zone.

NEVER an EC2 DNS.

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11
Q

What are the different routing policies for Route 53?

A

“Sally & Flo Giggle Gleefully as Lightning McQueen Wobbles”

Simple
Failover ✅
Geolocation ✅
Geoproximity ❗️
Latency ✅
Multivalue answer ✅
Weighted ✅
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12
Q

Describe a simple routing policy.

A

Routes traffic to a SINGLE resource that performs a given function for your domain.

Rte 53 can give one or many values in the response (unless Alias is enabled). If many, then the client chooses one.

No Health Checks

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13
Q

Describe a Weighted routing policy. When would you choose this?

A

You control the % of requests that go to each resource.
• % = weight/sum of all weights
DNS records must have the same name & type.
Health Checks OK.

Good for:
• load balancing between regions
• testing new app versions
• blue/green deployment

You can set weight to 0 for no traffic. If all are 0 then all equal weight.

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14
Q

Describe a Failover routing policy.

A

One primary, one secondary resource. Health checks on the primary.

When the primary is unhealthy, Rte 53 automatically fails over to the secondary.

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15
Q

Describe a Geolocation routing policy. When would you want one?

A

Routing is based on where your user is.
Health checks OK.

You must choose a default in case there is no match.

Good for:
website localization, restricting content distribution, load balancing

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16
Q

Describe a Geoproximity routing policy.

A

Route traffic based on the location of users and resources
BUT
You can add bias to shift more traffic to one place or another.

• AWS and non-AWS (on-prem) resources OK.
❗️You need Route 53 Traffic Flow to use this feature.

17
Q

How does an endpoint health check work?

A

About 15 global health checkers access the /health endpoint.

  • You set the healthy/unhealthy threshold (3 by default)
  • You set the interval (up to every 10 sec for a higher cost)
  • supports HTTP/S, TCP
  • pass when receives 2xx or 3xx
  • you can set some text to test for in the first 5120 bytes of response

!! Make sure you configure your router/firewall to allow these requests!!

18
Q

Describe a Multivalue Answer routing policy.

A

Use when routing to multiple resources. Route 53 responds to queries with up to 8 healthy records and client will choose.

Acts as a CLIENT-side load balancer. Not a substitute for ELB.

19
Q

How do I check the health of resources in private hosted zones?

A

Health checkers are outside so can’t access. :(

Solution: create a CloudWatch metric and Alarm. Create a health check that checks the ALARM.

20
Q

How does an endpoint health check work?

A

About 15 global health checkers access the /health endpoint.

  • You set the healthy/unhealthy threshold (3 fails = fail by default)
  • You set the interval (up to every 10 sec for a higher cost)
  • supports HTTP/S, TCP
  • pass when receives 2xx or 3xx
  • you can set some text to test for in the first 5120 bytes of response

!! Make sure you configure your router/firewall to allow these requests!!

21
Q

What is Route 53 Traffic Flow?

A

A way to control traffic routes using a drag-and-drop graphical user interface to ease traffic management.

You can save these as versioned policies and they can be applied to different Hosted Zones.

22
Q

How do I use the domain that I purchased from another registrar with Route 53?

A

Create a public hosted zone on Route 53 for your domain. Grab the name servers that AWS gives you. Use those on your registrar’s site as the custom name servers.

23
Q

You have purchased mycoolcompany.com on Amazon Route 53 Registrar and would like the domain to point to your Elastic Load Balancer my-elb-1234567890.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com. Which Route 53 Record type must you use here?

A

Alias.

You can’t create a CNAME record that has the same name as the top node of the DNS namespace (Zone Apex), in our case “mycoolcompany.com.”

24
Q

You have deployed a new Elastic Beanstalk environment and would like to direct 5% of your production traffic to this new environment. This allows you to monitor for CloudWatch metrics and ensuring that there’re no bugs exist with your new environment. Which Route 53 Record type allows you to do so?

A

Weighted.

25
Q

Describe a latency routing policy.

A

Directs to the resource with the least latency close to the user. Based on traffic between users and Regions.

Health checks OK.

AWS Solutions Architect (20 decks)

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