Rousseau

Question 1

Rousseau, Social Contract, 1762, sovereignty and law

Answer 1

“we should be ruled by laws, not rulers”

Question 2

Rousseau, Social Contract, 1762, freedom and chains

Answer 2

“man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”

Question 3

Rousseau, Social Contract, 1762, master of oneself

Answer 3

“obedience to the law one has prescribed to oneself is freedom”

Question 4

Rousseau, Social Contract, 1762, totalitarianism

Answer 4

“whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be constrained to do so by the entire body…he shall be forced to be free”

Question 5

Hampsher-Monk, 1992

Answer 5

explains Rousseau’s view of equality and lack of sense of civilised self in the state of nature which means ‘where difference is unperceived there is less motive to fight over losses’

Question 6

Hampsher-Monk, 1992, explaining ‘amour-propre’

Answer 6

analogy of an apple, in the state of nature humans are driven by desire to satisfy their needs, if you are hungry but someone steals your apple you actions are determined by whether fighting to regain the apple or simply picking another apple is easier, in a society where we live sociably we have face to lose and pride and therefore would choose to fight to regain the apple as we are aware of how others perceive us, therefore are more inclined to conflict in social settings