Rotter & Mischel

Question 1

Rotter’s theory assumes that

Answer 1

motivation is goal directed

Question 2

an event or condition that moves a person toward a goal would express rotter’s concept of

Answer 2

the empirical law of effect

Question 3

which of these is NOT one of rotter’s four variables of prediction?

Answer 3

locus of control

Question 4

behavior potential in any situation is a function of reinforcement value and

Answer 4

expectancy

Question 5

behavioral potential can be predicted when reinforcement value is held constant and

Answer 5

expectancy varies

Question 6

rotter called a person’s subjective perception of the value of an event

Answer 6

internal reinforcement

Question 7

rotter’s basic prediction formula states that behavior potential is a function of one’s expectancy that behavior will be followed by reinforcement in a particular situation and by

Answer 7

reinforcement value

Question 8

The basic prediction formula is most useful for making specific predictions. To make more generalized predictions, Rotter introduced the concept of

Answer 8

needs

Question 9

Which of these is NOT included among Rotter’s list of needs?

Answer 9

esteem

Question 10

The specific concept of expectancy is analogous to which term in the general prediction formula?

Answer 10

freedom of movement

Question 11

The extent to which a person prefers one set of reinforcements to another is called

Answer 11

need value

Question 12

In the general prediction formula a need complex has three essential components: need potential, freedom of movement, and

Answer 12

need value

Question 13

The Internal-External Control Scale measure

Answer 13

generalized expectancies.

Question 14

the Interpersonal Trust Scale measures

A) one’s belief that people are naturally good.

B) one’s belief that we live in the best of all possible worlds.

C) a generalized expectancy.

D) one’s belief that people can be relied on.

E) both c and d.

Answer 14

E) both c and d.

Question 15

Low freedom of movement and high need value are most likely to produce

Answer 15

conflict.

Question 16

Compared with Bandura and Rotter, Walter Mischel placed more emphasis on

Answer 16

delay of gratification.

Question 17

Mischel’s consistency paradox states that

Answer 17

most people regard behavior as relatively consistent whereas empirical evidence suggests that it is quite variable.

Question 18

Mischel assumed that behavior

Answer 18

is shaped by the interaction of person variables and situations variables.

Question 19

Mischel and Shoda’s system that accounts for variability across situations as well as stability of behavior within the person is called a

Answer 19

cognitive-affective personality system.

Question 20

Mischel and Shoda use the term “behavioral signature of personality” to refer to

Answer 20

a person’s pattern of variability of behavior.

Question 21

Which of these is NOT one of Mischel’s person variables?

Answer 21

locus of control

Question 22

In 1973, Mischel and Moore found that children who were encouraged to imagine real rewards while viewing pictures of rewards

Answer 22

could not wait as long for the rewards as children who were exposed to pictures of rewards

Question 23

Rotter’s concept of humanity assumes that people

Answer 23

are motivated by their view of events more than by the events themselves.

Question 24

Mischel’s cognitive-active personality system conceptualizes humans as

Answer 24

goal directed.