Rotter And Mischel Flashcards
Humans interact with their meaningful environments
Human personality is learned
Personality has basic unity
Motivation is goal oriented
People are capable of anticipating events
Rotters social learning theory
Cognitive factors versus more than immediate results, expectations of future events
Overview of cognitive social theory
Four variables mist be analyzed in order to make accurate predictions in any specific situation: behavior potential, expectancy, reinforcement value, psychological situation
Predicting certain behaviors
A particular response will occur at a given time and place in relation to it’s likely reinforcement
Behavior potential
Confidence that a particular reinforcement will follow a specific behavior in a specific situation
Expectancy
Persons preference for any particular reinforcement, internal versus external, value of an event is a function of ones expectation that a particular reinforcement will lead to future reinforcements
Reinforcement value
That part of the external and internal world to much a person is responding
Psychological situation
The potential for a behavior to occur in a particular situation in relation to a given reinforcement is a function of people’s expectancy that their behavior will be followed by that situation
Basic prediction formula
One must know peoples expectations based on similar past experiences that a given behavior will be reinforced
Generalized expectancies
Functionally related categories if behaviors. Recognition, dominance, independence, protection-dependence, love and affection, physical comfort. Three components are need potential, freedom of movement, need value
Needs
Attempts to measure the degree to much people perceive a causal relationship between their own efforts and environmental consequences
Internal and external control of reinforcement scale (measuring generalized expectancies)
Measures the extent to which a person expects the word or promise of another person to be true
Interpersonal trust scale (measuring generalized expectancies)
Fails to move a person closer to a desired goal, result to unrealistically high goals in combination with low ability to achieve them or inadequate skills
Maladaptive behavior
Goal is to achieve harmony between a clients freedom of movement and need value
Psychotherapy
Maladaptive behaviors follow from three categories of inappropriate goals: conflict between goals, destructive goals, and unrealistically lofty goals
Changing goals (psychotherapy)
Helping clients change low expectancies of success
Eliminating low expectancies (psychotherapy)
Believes that cognitive factors such as expectancies, subjective perceptions, values, and personal standards are important in shaping personality
Mischels personality system
Behaviors consistent versus not
Consistency paradox
The person, situation, and interaction between them
Person-situation interaction
Accounts for variability across situations as well as stability of behaviors within a person
Cognitive-affective personality system
Pattern of visibility that is consistent over time
Behavior signature of personality
If personality is a stable system that processes information about the situation, then as people encounter different situations, they should behave differently as those situations vary
Behavior prediction
Include all those stimuli that people attend to in a given situation
Situation variables
Encoding strategies, competences and self-regulatory strategies, subjective goals and values, affective responses. All permit people to interact with environment with some stability in behavior
Cognitive-affective units
People are goal-oriented, cognitive animals whose perceptions of events are more crucial than the events themselves
Concept of humanity
