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rosh review > Rosh > Flashcards

Rosh Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis? Treatment, if asymptomatic? symptomatic?

A

AVNRT

Asymptomatic- adenosine, metoprolol, dilt

Symptomatic- sedation and cardioversion1

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2
Q

ECG differences between pericarditis and MI?

A

MI has reciprocal changes (ST depression)

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3
Q

If allergic to lidocaine, what alternative should anesthetic solution can be used?

A

Procaine, chloroprocaine

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4
Q

Amides vs esters anesthetics?

A

Amides have to “i”

esters have i

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5
Q

What steroids are used in asthma exacerbation?

A

Systemic steroids

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6
Q

Cause? First-line therapy?

A

Hyperkalemia, calcium gluconate.

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7
Q

Cause? Name?

A

“U” waves, most common finding in hypokalemia

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8
Q

Where does a great saphenous vein cut down occur?

What nerve can be damaged?

A

Anterior and superior to the medial malleolus

-can damage saphenous nerve, lose sensation to a small part of the foot

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9
Q

Side effect on Prednisolone in children?

A

Emesis

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10
Q

Most common cause of botulism?

A

infantile

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11
Q

MoA of botulism?

A

Inhibits the release of ACH from motor end plates

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12
Q

Pathogen that presents similar to appendicitis?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

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13
Q

Extraintestinal manifestations of shigella?

A

reactive arthritis, seizures, and hallucinations

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14
Q

High urine sodium (>20)?

A

renal damage (htn, etc)

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15
Q

Signs of transudative effusion?

A

LDH < 0.6

Protein < 0.5

LDH < 2/3 upper normal

Glucose is > 60

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16
Q

What is online medical control?

A

EMS providers speak directly with a physician over the phone to request real-time instructions regarding patient care prior to hospital arriva

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17
Q

Prearrival instruction?

A

Instructions provided to callers by the emergency medical dispatcher intended to assist in providing patient care prior to EMS arrival

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18
Q

Effect of bite?

A

CNS excitation, muscle cramps

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19
Q

Effect of bite?

A

local tissue destruction

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20
Q

Emergent management of tension pneumothorax?

A

Needle decompression

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21
Q

Is the superficial femoral vein important in DVTs?

A

Yes, blood thinners should be used

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22
Q

What atients with PID should be admitted to the hospital?

A

Pregnant women

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23
Q

How should shingles be managed?

A

Pain control

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24
Q

Risk for periorbital burns?

A

Delayed labial artery bleeding

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25
Q

Treatment for high altitude sickness?

A

Decent (definitive), acetazolamide, dexamethasone, and supplemental oxyden

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26
Q

Treatment for epididymitis

A

< 35- Ceftriaxone and doxy

>35 flouroquinalones, tri/sulf

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27
Q

Most common findings in ovarian torsion?

A

Enlargement of the ovaries

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28
Q

Ogilve syndrome

A

colonic pseudoobstruction in older people

treatment with neostigmine

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

What is routinely ordered for people with COPD, but not asthma?

A

CXR

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31
Q

Stroke that presents with ipsilateral deviation of the eyes, stupor, coma and mydriatic pupils

A

putamen hemorrhage

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32
Q

Enlarged cervical lymph node in 2 year old?

A

Bartonella henselae (cat-scratch disease)

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33
Q

Treatment for rhadomyolitis? End goal?

A

IV fluids

End-goal- urine output of 3mL/kg/hr

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34
Q

“Codman’s triangle” or elevation of the periosteum of the bone? Risk in children?

A

Osteosarcoma

Radiation exposure is the highest risk

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35
Q

What drugs can be delivered down the endotracheal tube?

A

Adults- Naloxone, atropine, Vasopressin, epinephrine, lidocaine

(NAVEL)

Children- Lidocaine, atropine, naloxone, epinephrine (LANE)

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36
Q

Treatment for pertussis?

A

<1 month, azithromycin

Otherwise, erythromycin

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37
Q

Treatment for painful eye after blunt trauma?

A

Homatropine drops

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38
Q

Benefit of hyperbaric oxygen in carbon monoxide?

A

It reduces risk of neurologic sequelae

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39
Q

fever started 3 days ago followed by a rash which started on the head and spread to the rest of the body

A

Rubella

40
Q

What salter-harris fractures require surgical interventions?

A

Salter- III/IV/V

41
Q

Pediattic management of glipazine overdose?

A

Dextrose and octeotide (blocks insulin release)

42
Q

Management of anaphylaxis?

A

Corticosteroids, H1 blocker, H2 blocker, intramuscular epinephrine, and albuterol

43
Q

Sudden onset of pain and decreased vision in one eye? Treatment?

A

Acute close glaucoma, Homatropine drops

44
Q

Most common cause of acute urinary retention in older males?

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

45
Q

pain in the anterior proximal knee or thigh that is exacerbated by activity. On exam, there is loss of hip internal rotation

A

SCFE

46
Q

End goal for chemicals in eye?

A

pH 7.0 - 7.2

47
Q

if aspirin allergy, what treatment should be started in possible heart attacks? MoA?

A

Administer clopidogrel

MoA-binds to the platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor to irreversibly inhibit activation and aggregation for the life of the platelet

48
Q

How to treat HTN caused by cocaine?

A

Benzodiazepines and phentolamine.

49
Q

Which cervical spine fracture is considered stable?

A

Type I odontoid fracture

50
Q

Brown-Séquard syndrome?

A

Ipsilateral loss of motor strength, vibratory sensation, and proprioception with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury

51
Q

Measles vs rubella?

A

Rubella- mild fever, maculopapular rash, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

Measles-infectious paroditis

52
Q

Pathologies to considered with older individuals with abdominal pain?

A

Myocardial infarction (or ischemia), pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis and myocarditis

53
Q

First step in managing tension pneumothorax?

A

Needle decompression, followed by chest tube

54
Q

Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Tubal surgery, PID, Tobacco use, Advanced maternal age, Prior spontaneous abortion, Medically-induced abortion, hx of infertility, IUD

55
Q

What is holiday heart syndrome? Treatment?

A

atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia after excessive alcohol use

Treatment- observation, if >24-48 hours, rate control

56
Q

Risk factors for suicide?

A

Sex (Male), age, depression, previous attempt, substance abuse, loss of rational thinking, lack of support, organized plan, no spouse, sickness

(SADPERSONS)

57
Q

drugs that precipitate acute rejection in a lung transplant patient taking cyclosporine

A

Phenytoin

58
Q

What water temperature is optimal for frostbite?

A

37-39°C

59
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

60
Q

Antidote for dystonic reaction?

A

Benztropine, diphenylhydramine

61
Q

Treatment for vtach?

A

synchronized cardioversion

62
Q

Problem?

A

Scapholunate dissociation

63
Q

Most sensitive and specific test for acute cholecystitis

A

HIDA scan

64
Q

hallmark of significant right-to-left shunting

A

Failure to arterial o2 sats to increase with supplemental oxygen

65
Q

Treatment for WPW?

A

Procainamide

66
Q

How should amputated digits be maintained?

A

Moist with NS in a wet towel

67
Q

What are the components of negligence?

A
  1. Duty to perform with reasonable care
  2. Failure to perform a duty like a reasonable practicioner
  3. Some damage of injury must occur
  4. Causal relationship
68
Q

Management of deep perianal abscess?

A

CT scan and surgical consultation

69
Q

First step in managing a desat on a patient with a ventilator?

A

Disconnect the patient from the ventilator

70
Q

Complication of bassilar skull fracture?

A

Cranial nerve entrapment is a complication, most common VII

71
Q

What is this an example of?

A

positive Seidel test

72
Q

copious frothy green vaginal discharge, inflamed vaginal walls, and a cervix with punctate hemorrhages

A

Trichomonas

73
Q
A
74
Q

Drug-induced neutropenia in children is caused most commonly by?

A

Antibiotics, especially macrolides, cephalosporins, and penicillins

75
Q

Indications for hyperbaric oxygen in carbon monoxide?

A

igns of end-organ damage regardless of the measured level. Loss of consciousness (syncope), coma, seizures, confusion, focal neurologic deficits and visual symptoms

76
Q

Where to apply pressure during delivery of child?

A

Suprapubic

77
Q

First step in managing septic arthritis?

A

Tap the joint

78
Q

Treatment for serotinin syndrome?

A

Benzos, Cyproheptadine, hydration/cooling

79
Q

Thompson test

A

Plantar flexion with squeezing calf?

80
Q

What vessel supplies the av node? sa?

A

Rright coronary artery

81
Q

How does a coin in the trachea? Esophagus`

A

Side view, when x-ray in AP-trachea

Front view-esophagus

82
Q

Most common cause of v fibrillation and death?

A

CAD

83
Q

Management of thyroid storm from taking levo too much?

A

beta blockers and steroids.

84
Q

DIC labs?

A

decreased platelets. low fibrinogen levels

85
Q

Mad as a hatter syndrome- cause? treatment?

A

Cause-anticholinergic

Treatment- Physostigmine, an anticholinesterase inhibitor.

86
Q

Treatment for consuming small amount of household bleach?

A

D/C if asymptomatic

87
Q

Drug given empirically in all AMS?

A

Dextrose

88
Q

Galeazzi Fracture

A

distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

89
Q

Which knee maneuver tests the knee?

A

McMurry

90
Q

Most common presenting symptom with acute aortic dissection

A

Chest pain

91
Q

Most common cardiac abnormality from lyme disease?

A

!st degree heart block

92
Q

Cardiac temponade findings?

A

hypotension, jugular dystension, muffled heart sounds

93
Q

Immunization again hep b serology

A

Hepatitis B surface antigen negative, Hepatitis B surface antibody positive

94
Q

Most common bacteria from secretions of CF patients?

A

S. aureus

95
Q
A

rosh review (1 decks)

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