Roseola Infantum, Hemangioma, Milia Flashcards
What is roseola (infantum)?
Roseola is usually caused by human herpesvirus (HHV)-6B, but occasionally by HHV-7 and rarely by other viruses. HHV-6A (associated with thyroiditis), HHV-6B (roseola), and HHV-7 (roseola) are lymphotropic viruses within the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, and all establish latency.
What is the aetiology of roseola?
Respiratory/ droplet transmission
CD4+ trophic DNA viruses
What is the epidemiology of Roseola?
Roseola is most prevalent between 6 and 24 months of age and is rarely diagnosed before 3 months or after 4 years of age.
What would you find in the history and exam of a child with Roseola?
High fever Exanthem Diarrhoea Nagayama's spots Abdo pain URT symptoms
What investigations would you do for roseola?
Clinical diagnosis
Viral culture
Antibody detection
What is the management of roseola?
Paracetamol and oral hydration (no specific treatment)
What is a haemangioma?
Benign vascular lesions that typically appear during the first weeks of life as blue or pink macules or patches.
What is the aetiology of haemangiomas?
The proliferative growth phase of most haemangiomas is usually completed by age 5 months; 80% of growth typically occurs by the end of the third month. Thereafter involution occurs with 90% completion by age 4 years.
What is the epidemiology of haemangiomas?
Haemangiomas are common among vascular tumours, with an overall incidence of about 4% to 5%.
Infantile haemangioma occurs more commonly in girls than in boys, with estimates of female to male ratios ranging from 2:1 to 5:1 and up to 9:1 in PHACE syndrome.
White> other ethnic groups
What would you find in the history and exam of a haemangioma?
Pink red or blue colour Rapid growth Flat or nodular character Ulceration and Bleeding Warmth
What investigations do you do for haemangiomas?
Doppler US of haemangioma
MRI/ Biopsy
What is the management of haemangiomas?
Education and Reassurance
If impairment: Beta blocker/ steroids, surgical excision of masses
What is Milia?
Milia are tiny white bumps on a baby’s nose, chin or cheeks. Milia are tiny white bumps that appear across a baby’s nose, chin or cheeks.
How common is Milia?
up to 50% of newborns, 1-2mm pearly white papules, resolve spontaneously
How do you manage milia?
They normally go away by themselves
