Rosen's

Question 1

(3) Main categories of dive injuries

Answer 1

disorders of descent, depth and ascent

Question 2

initial treatment for all diving emergencies

Answer 2

100% oxygen

Question 3

Treatment for pts with DCS and AGE

Answer 3

recompressive treatment

Question 4

(5) other injuries in scubadiving other than dysbarism (oxygen tank related)

Answer 4

hypothermia, sunburn trauma, drowning, motion sickness, marine animal venom (jellyfish)

Question 5

what is the ideal gas law?

Answer 5

PV = nRT; pressure, volume = amount of gas x ideal gast constant x temperature

Question 6

what is pascal’s law

Answer 6

pressure applied to any part og liquid is transmitted equally; i.e., in ear barotrauma injuries other parts of the ear

Question 7

what is boyle’s law

Answer 7

pressure and volume of gas are inversely proportional to eac other; i.e., deeper the dive, the more pressure, the gas bubble volume will decrease and when you rise up, the gas volume will increase ‘ this explains barotrauma and air embolism

Question 8

what is charles law

Answer 8

with heat, volume of gas will increase (i.e., hot air balloon)

Question 9

what is dalton’s law

Answer 9

total pressure exerted by mixture of gas is equal to the sum of the individal partial pressures

Question 10

what is henry’s law

Answer 10

the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas; i.e., nitrogen is absorbed more in your blood at higher pressures vs at lower pressure; this explains decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis

Question 11

What is decompression sickness (DCS)

Answer 11

due to formation of small bubbles of nitrogen gas in the blood; bubbles can become large and cause ischemia/hypoxia

Question 12

What are (5) potential injuries during descent?

Answer 12

descent: middle/inner/external ear barotrauma, facial barotrauma, sinus barotrauma;

Question 13

What are (5) potential injuries at depth?

Answer 13

nitrogen narcosis, oxygen toxicity, hypothermia, contaminated gases

Question 14

what are (5) potential injuries at ascent?

Answer 14

alternobaric vertigo, pulmonary overpressurization syndrome (PTX, pneumomediastinu ,pulmonary hemorrhage, air gas embolism), barodontalgia (air trapped beneath dental cavity), GI barotrauma

Question 15

what are (2) potential injuries during long and deep dives?

Answer 15

arterial gas embolism, DCSI or II

Question 16

what is middle ear barotrauma

Answer 16

occuring during descent; the most common barotrauma; transient and self-limited; can lead to tM rupture, nystagmus, vertigo and CN VII palsy