Roseberry Exam #1 Flashcards
IDEA 1997 & 2004 states that?
- Testing procedures and materials must not be discriminatory
- Assessment instruments must measure a student’s ability in the area tested, not the English
* *It is critical to know what is normal in L1 for each student (difference VS. disorder)
Kohnert 2013 (Lang. disorders in bilingual Ch. and Adults)
- Conduct ethnographic interviews
2. SLP asks broad, open-ended questions to find out more
Terry P., Connor C., Thomas-Tate S., and Love M (2010)
- Meta-analysis of research: Widely varying achievement among children in American schools
- When children enter school, achievement gaps are observable even before they start reading.
- Salient characteristics that predict academic success are SES and Race.
- Low SES, non-white children tend to lag behind white, middle SES children
- We need to work hard to close the gap
According to Education Week
- Nationwide, only 12% of students with limited English scored at or above proficient in math in 4th grade compared with 42% of students not classified as ELLs.
- Gap was much wider in 8th grade math, where 5% of ELLs were proficient or above proficient in math, compared with 35% of non-ELLs
On a national reading test in 8th grade, only…
3% of ELLs scored at or above proficiency, compared with 34% of non-ELLs
McMahan 2012
- Individualism: Person places own desires above those of the broader community
- Work; you are what you do
- In most cultures people define themselves in relation to fam heritage
- Avg. American worker spends 2+ wks a yr. on the job than he/she did yrs ago
- Limits free time, and fam and friend time
- Time saving devices: Usually means people end up doing more work
2011 top 5 countries that immigrants arrived?
- Mexico
- China
- India
- Philippines
- Dominican Republic
2011 leading states of residence of refugees
- Texas
- California
- New York
- Pennsylvania
The U.S. adds a new immigrant approx. every _____ seconds?
31 seconds
U.S. Census Bureau 2010
- Number of foreign-born residents in U.S. will increase from 31 million in 2000 to 48 million in 2025.
- In 2030, 43% of U.S. citizens will be non-anglo
What are some system barriers?
- Families from developing countries do not understand early intervention
- In 2007, 9 million CH. died before age 5
- Fams from refugee camps (no health care avb.)
- In U.S. we think there is a solution to disabilities in CH. (bizarre)
CH. with disabilities typically don’t go to school?
In developing countries
True
Learning and communicating in English is the greatest challenge?
True
What countries are aware of SLPs
- U.S.
- Canada
- Europe
AA girls/young women are the fastest growing group of incarcerated young people in the U.S.?
True
crimes like stealing food and milk for CH.
There may be some cultural differences between white women professionals and AA young males?
True
Lack of voice tone from professional may not get the attention of AA ch.?
True
Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce 2012
- Ppl with bachelors degree make 84% more money over a lifetime than high school graduates
- College grads make 2.3 million over lifetime
- High school grads make 1.3 million over lifetime
The high school graduation rate for AAs has increased in the last few yrs?
True
National Center for Education Statistics 2013
In 2011 young adults with masters degrees…
Asians= $73,000 a yr
AAs= $50,000 a yr
Craig, Zhang, Hensel & Quinn 2009
- Examined skills of 165 TD AA Ch. in grades 1-5
2. AAE speaking students learned to use MAE in literacy tasks, did better in those who did not make this adaptation
Ivy, L.J. And Masterson J.J (Jan 2011)
- Studies use of oral and written AAE in 3rd and 8th graders
- Use of AAE was comparable for oral and written lang in 3rd graders
- 8th graders used more AAE in oral lang and less in written lang
- Ch. who speak AAE eventually learn to switch to MAE in writing
ASHA 2011 Johnson et. al., impact of dialect use on student writing
- Studied 141 2nd-4th graders at two title 1 schools in northeast florida
- 95% of Ch. were eligible for free/reduced lunch
- They got written lang. samples from these students
- The more AAE used the poorer their editing skills on a writing task
- Interventions that implement bidialectal education explicit instruction in non-AAE grammatical features may be useful in helping AAE users switch to MAE in academic setting
Low SES AA Ch. are susceptible to what?
- Lead
2. Asthma
What factors is the use of AAE is impacted by?
- SES
- Education
- Geographic location
- Etc
AAE is not a substandard form of MAE?
True
rule-governed and predictable
Language samples are encouraged when testing AAE students?
True
Lovelace and Stewart 2009
- 2nd grade AA Ch. who had below avg. vocab skills
- They used storybooks to contextualize new words that the subjects were learning
- Book was read
- When each word read, SLP turned pg. in book and read sentence containing word
- SLP defined word in understandable terms
- Ch. asked to repeat aloud
- Several activities where Ch. discussed words, created sentences, etc
- Ch. who learned words through this method remembered them better than words they were exposed to 1-2x.
- Use of AA book not a major factor in retention of vocab
- Use school curriculum materials in TX
Larry P. VS Riles
- Began in 1971
- AA parents in San Fran filed in federal court
- Claimed Ch. wrongly placed in Educable Mentally Retarded class.
- IQ test were culturally biased and discriminatory
- AA students were disproportionately represented in EMR class
- 66% in EMR
- Judge Robert Peckham : SFUSD prohibited IQ tests to place AA students in EMR classes
- Decision upheld on appeal in 1984
- In 1984, the court expanded the ruling for all of CA by banning IQ testing for AA students for any special Ed. purpose
We cant use SLP tests if they directly or indirectly profess to measure IQ?
True
CA Diagnostic Center 2010 said that possible tests to use are?
- Clinical Evaluation of Lang. Fundamentals
(CELF-4) - Diagnostic Evaluation of Lang. Variation (DELV)
- PLS-5
- Comprehensive Test of Spoken Lang.(CASL)
In 21st century there was a dramatic Hispanic increase in nontraditional states?
True
Wyoming: Oil rigs
Special Ed. Timeline important, so document everything?
True
We should be aware that Hispanics…
- Are descendants of Native Americans who settled in the Americas long before the Spanish conquest
- Each Hispanic country has its own holidays
- More Mexican immigrants may not speak Spanish as their first lang. but rather an Indian Lang
(Zapotec)
Hispanics have a lot of pride so they do not use welfare as an advantage?
True
In the U.S. statistically, Hispanic students…
- Frequently read below proficiency level
- Often drop out
- Incarceration may result
- Hispanic Ch. enrolled less in preschool than other groups
- We can encourage preschool enrollment
- Offer moms to stick around and volunteer
Hispanic Culture beliefs, values, and practices?
- Collective orientation
- Interdependence
- Cooperation
- Saving face
- Relaxed with time
- Emphasis on relationships
- Relaxed with Ch. development
- Patriarchal families
Health Considerations
- Hispanics increase 2x as likely as some other groups to live in areas with high lead exposure
- Hispanics 82% of farm worker workforce
- Increase St. group affected by pesticide poisoning
What is a Curandero?
Holistic Healer
Ceasar and Nelson 2013
- Migrant Hispanic Families
- Group A: Bags, books, paper, colored pencils to bring home
- Group B: Bags and books to bring home
* *Group A asked on weekend to journal in Spanish and draw weeks activities, bring back Monday morning
Pre and Post Testing (From Ceasar & Nelson study)
- On measures of pre-literacy Spanish and English skills, Group A did better than Group B
- Showed simple journaling in Spanish and drawing pictures worked for low SES
- Encouraged parents to talk to and read with Ch.
During assessment Hispanic Ch. will often provide functions rather than names of objects?
True
Good tests for LI
- Lang Samples
- Spanish ages and stages questionaire
- Measures of grammatically
Journal of Community Medicine and Health Education
Research: Low SES Hispanic parents who participated in reach out and read (Ch. did better in school and literacy skills)
ROR
- Pediatricians
- Give books
- Training
In therapy for Hispanics…
- Encourage Verbalization
- Especially encourage naming and description tasks
- Incorporate literacy
