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22-1 Midterm > Ropes And Knots > Flashcards

Ropes And Knots Flashcards

1
Q

What NFPA covers Ropes, Harness and Hardware?

A

NFPA 1983

Standard on Fire Service Life Safety Rope, Harness, and Hardware

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2
Q

Minimum safety margin of rope and harnesses?

A

15:1

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3
Q

Class I Load Specifications

A

300 lbs. – T (technical / personal) rated equipment – 27 kNewtons

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4
Q

Class II Loads Specifications

A

600 lbs. – G (general) rated equipment – 40 kNewtons

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5
Q

5 Different Rope Types

A
  1. Kernmantle
  2. Laid (Twisted)
  3. Braided
  4. Braid on Braid
  5. Nylon Webbing
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6
Q

Kernmantle Core vs Sheath strength:

A

Core: 70-95% of strength
Sheath: 5-30% of strength

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7
Q

2 Different Types of Kernmantle

A

Static / Dynamic

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8
Q

What is kernmantle made of?

A

100% Nylon

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9
Q

Static Kernmantle Core Bundle

A

Parallel Core Bundle

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10
Q

Static Kernmantle elongation:

A

normally 1% to 10% at 10% of the rated breaking strength (NFPA 1983 requirement)

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11
Q

A rope is considered “static” if it:

A

Stretches no more than 20% at its breakpoint

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12
Q

Are utility and life safety bags on all TFD rigs?

A

Yes

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13
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle bundle construction?

A

Dynamic core has twisted bundle construction

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14
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle Elongation:

A

normally 8% stretch w/200 lb. load, 60% near failure

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15
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle use:

A

Used for climbing and training only by TRT

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16
Q

Dynamic Kernmantle can be:

A
  1. “tight” weave – better abrasion resistance but harder to tie knots
  2. “loose” weave – easier knot-tying but less abrasion resistance
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17
Q

Diameter of Static Kernmantle used by TFD:

A

1/2 In.

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18
Q

Static Kernmantle minimum breaking Strength:

A

9000 lbs

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19
Q

Static Kernmantle maximum working load:

A

600 lbs.

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20
Q

Static Kernmantle weight:

A

7 lbs. per 100’

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21
Q

Static kernmantle used by TFD lengths carried by suppression units and TRT?

A
  1. Suppression units carry 150’ in length

2. TRT carries up to 600’ in length

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22
Q

Identification Markers in core bundle tells you what 3 things?

A
  1. company name
  2. place of manufacture
  3. year of manufacture
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23
Q

Problem with Identification Marker on outside of rope?

A

If it is on the outside of the rope, identification marker is usually destroyed by abrasion or normal wear and tear

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24
Q

Laid Rope Description:

A

Natural fibers (manila hemp) – 3 twisted fibers (yarns) bundled together to form strands

All fibers exposed
• High stretch characteristics

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25
Q

Laid Rope Twist Style:

A

Rope will twist in opposite direction of lay when under load

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26
Q

What is Braided Rope made of?

A

Made of synthetic material: Nylon & Polypropylene

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27
Q

Does braided rope have a core or outer sheath?

A

No

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28
Q

Problem with Braided rope:

A

Load-bearing fibers are exposed to direct abrasion and damage

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29
Q

Braid on Braid Load Share:

A

50% core

50% Sheath

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30
Q

Braid on Braid Characteristics: (2)

A

Less abrasion resistance than kernmantle

High stretch characteristics

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31
Q

TFD uses polypropylene for: (1)

A

Swift Water Rescue

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32
Q

Nylon webbing is Issued to all uniformed members and used exclusively for:

A

Hansen Harness

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33
Q

Nylon Webbing Construction

A

continuous nylon fibers woven in a spiral weave to produce tubular shape

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34
Q

Nylon Webbing minimum breaking Strength:

A

4000 lbs.

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35
Q

Has Manilla Hemp been replaced by ropes made from synthetic fibers?

A

Yes

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36
Q

Manilla Hemp is used for: (1)

A

exclusively for non-life safety utility work

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37
Q

TFD Ropes are Used For: (5)

A
  1. High Angle
  2. Swift Water Rescue
  3. Confined Space Rescue
  4. Utility Purposes
  5. Life Safety
38
Q

6 Types of Damage to Ropes:

A
  1. Abrasion
  2. Chemicals
  3. Heat/Heat Fusion/Heat of Friction
  4. UV Rays
  5. Moisture (especially manila hemp)
  6. Shock Loading
39
Q

Rope abrasion accounts for __% of failures

A

90% of failures

40
Q

Kernmantle will yellow after: (Time and Temperature)

A

five hours of 300 degree heat

41
Q

Kernmantle becomes sticky at:

A

445 degrees

42
Q

Kernmantle Melts at:

A

480 degrees

43
Q

Per NFPA 1983 Life safety rope must have minimal melting temp of ___ degrees:

A

400 Degrees

44
Q

water weakens Kernmantle rope _____% but is recovered when dried.

45
Q

WHEN Do We Inspect Lifelines? (2)

A

1) semi-annually during the June and December quarterly inspections.
2) after each use

46
Q

When are Ladder Halyards inspected?

A

During monthly ladder inspection

47
Q

Where is rope inspection information kept?

A

Rope History Log

48
Q

What is on the rope history log? (12)

A
  • Serial #
  • ID Marking
  • Length
  • Manufacturer
  • Rated Strength
  • Diameter
  • Manufacture Lot #
  • Date of manufacture
  • Date In Service
  • Fiber
  • Color(s)
  • Construction
49
Q

How to Inspect rope?

A

Run the rope slowly through the hands

50
Q

What to look for when inspecting rope? (8)

A
  • Discoloration (high heat or damaging chemicals)
  • Glossy marks (heat fusion)
  • Cuts or tears in sheath
  • Exposed core fibers
  • Obvious changes in diameter (breakage of core strands)
  • Excessive fraying (broken sheath bundles)
  • Contamination by damaging chemicals
  • Inspect label to ensure rope is no older than 10 years (O/S)
51
Q

How to clean rope? (2)

A
  • Clean the rope by chaining it and putting it in a washing machine with a mild soap
  • Avoid using strong cleansers such as bleach
52
Q

Class I harness description:

A

fastens around the waist and around the thighs or under the buttocks and is intended to be used for emergency escape with a load of up to 300 lbs. (136 kg)

53
Q

Class II Harness Description

A
  • same as Class I, but rated for loads up to 600 lbs. (272 kg.)
  • Looks exactly like Class I harness
54
Q

How do you tell a class I and class II harness apart?

A

Attached label must be used to verify its rating

55
Q

Class III harness description:

A

Fastens around the waist, around the thighs or under the buttocks, and over the shoulders

56
Q

Class III Harness load rating:

A

loads up to 600 lbs. (272 kgs.)

57
Q

Carabiners are:

A

Aluminum or steel connectors that link the rappeler’s webbing to the rope.

58
Q

What are figure 8 descenders used for?

A

Descending

59
Q

Carabiners used by TFD are locking, modified “D” type (T/F)

A

True

Locking modified “D”

60
Q

Aluminum carabiners have a minimum rating of ____ lbs and are rated for ‘______ _____’
• One Person Load = _____ lbs

A

6000 lbs

Personal Use

300 lbs

61
Q

Steel carabiners have a minimum rating of ____ lbs and are rated for ‘_____ ____’ • Rescue load = ____ lbs

A

9000 lbs

General Use

600 lbs

62
Q

Carabiners locking mechanism use:

A

Locking carabiners are designed for use only when locked. Do NOT use in open position. The gate may inadvertently open, and the lock provides part of its strength.

63
Q

Figure 8 Descenders meet NFPA ____ and are made of:

A

1983

Steel and Aluminum both used with same specs as carabiners

64
Q

Newtons are:

A

The amount of force needed to accelerate 1 kilogram of mass at the rate of 1 meter per second squared

65
Q

1 N = approx. ____ lb.

1 kN = approx. ____ lbs.

A

.225 lbs

225 lbs

66
Q

Form of non-verbal communication that can be used when using rope:

67
Q

O.A.T.H stands for:

A 
O= OK – 1 tug
A= Advance – 2 tugs 
T= Take Up – 3 tugs 
H= Help – 4 tugs
68
Q

Knots are defined as:

A

Interlacing of 1 or more flexible bodies

69
Q

Do all knots affect the rope in a negative way?

70
Q

The sharper the bend in the rope produced by the knot, the greater reduction in the _____ ______ of the rope

A

Tensile Strength

71
Q

6 attributes of a good knot

A
  • Easy to tie
  • Easy to untie
  • Remains tied after tying
  • Easily identifiable
  • Minimal reduction of breaking strength of rope
  • Resistance to jamming during loading
72
Q

2 Ends of a rope

A

Working End

Standing End

73
Q

A Bight is:

A

a “U” shaped section of rope

74
Q

Overhand Knot and Double Overhand Knot are used as:

A

stopper or back up knot

75
Q

Slipknot is used to:

A

Used to draw down on something

76
Q

Square knot is used to:

Decreases Tensile Strength by:

A

Connects two ropes of equal diameter (decreases tensile strength by 50%)

77
Q

Figure Eight use and tensile strength reduction:

A
  • 20% decrease in tensile strength

* Stopper knot and basis for other knots

78
Q

Figure Eight Follow Through Use:

79
Q

Figure 8 on a bight use:

80
Q

Directional Figure Eight Use:

A

Anchor in middle of loaded rope

81
Q

Rescue 8 Use:

82
Q

Bowline Use and Tensile Strength Reduction:

A
  • Decreases tensile strength by 33%

* Used for anchoring

83
Q

Bowline on a Bight use:

84
Q

Running bowline use:

A

Used to tighten down on object

85
Q

Butterfly Knot Use and Tensile Strength Reduction:

A

Used to make an anchor in the middle of a loaded rope

Decreases tensile strength by 30%

86
Q

Half Hitch Uses: (2)

A
  • Used to secure line to object

* Basis for other knots

87
Q

Clove Hitch Uses:

A

Secures line to object

88
Q

Munter Hitch Uses:

A

Used with carabiner for emergency rappels

89
Q

Becket or Sheet Bend Uses and tensile strength reduction:

A
  • Reduces tensile strength 50%

* Ties two ropes of unequal diameter together

90
Q

Water Bend Use:

A

• Used to tie ends of webbing together for
a harness
• Not used on rope!

22-1 Midterm (3 decks)

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