Roots and Suffixes Flashcards
angi/o
vessel
eti-
cause
-rrhexis
rupture
-rrhaphy
surgical suturing
hist/o
tissues
ec-
ecto-
out(side)
auto-
self
neo-
new
brady-
slow
macro-
large
post-
following, after
hemi-
half
- atrics
- iatry
field of medicine
- logy
- ology
study of
-scopy
visual exam
-metry
measurement
- cide
- cidal
destroying, killing
-dipsia
thirst
-phoria
feeling
-emesis
vomiting
-lysis
destruction
-phasia
speech
-rrhea
flow, discharge
-uresis
urination
-edema
swelling
-cytosis
condition of cells
morph/o
shape
adip/o
fat
hidr/o
sweat
xer/o
dry
dermat/o
skin
cyan/o
blue
melan/o
black
natr/o
sodium
adren/o
(adrenal) gland
toxic/o
toxin, poison
-sclerosis
hardening
tri-
3, three
-rrhage
bleeding, bursting forth
-natal
birth
aden/o
glands
dys-
bad, difficult, painful
erythem/o
erythr/o
red
cirrh/o
xanth/o
yellow
cirrh/o
yellow, liver
albin/o
leuk/o
white
-oma
tumor
lith/o
stone
multi-
many, multiple
hyper-
over-active
-necrosis
dying
-megaly
large
neuro-
nerves, nervous system
myc/o
fungi
laryng-
larynx
ot/o
eyes
ultra-
beyond
circum-
around
iso-
same
re-
after, behind
bi-
2, two
uni-
1, one
-oxia
oxygen
-centisis
extraction of fluids
cephal/o
head
-plasia
formation, development
-pexy
fixation
-iasis
condition
endo-
inside, within
-stasis
stop, stand
myel/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
-malacia
softening
tachy-
fast, rapid
-pnea
breathing
lip/o
fat
-plegia
paralysis
trich/o
hair, hair like structure
-ptosis
falling, drooping, prolapse
-graphy
process of recording
mono-
single
-trophy
nourishment, development
vas/o
vessel
electr/o
electricity
atri/o
atria
thym/o
thymus
ser/o
serum
valv/o
valve
path/o
disease
splen/o
spleen
lymph/o
lymph nodes
peri-
around, surrounding
levo-
left
mes/o
middle
dexi/o
right
dupli-
double
equi-
equal
olgio-
few
poly-
many, much
bis-
twice
megal/o
big
eury-
broad, wide
megist-
biggest
cry/o
cold
necr/o
dead
is/o
equal
pseud/o
false
thely-
female, feminine
platy-
flat
eu-
good, well
scler/o
hard
bar/o
heavy
coel/o
hollow
cac/o
dys-
incorrect, bad
poikil/o
irregular
arseno-
male, masculine
sten/o
narrow
ne/o
new
orth/o
normal, correct
paleo-
old
pachy-
thick
polio-
gray, grey
chlor/o
ghreen
porphyr/o
purple
carp/o
wrist
hyster/o
womb
immun/o
immune system
-pnea
sleep
hemat/o
blood
lymphocyt/o
lymph cell
vascul/o
blood vessle
cardi/o
heart
lymphaden/o
lymph gland
phleb/o
vein
sarping/o
uterine tubes
sarping/o
uterine tubes
dactyl/o
toe
dactyl/o
toe
glott-
tongue
glott-
tongue
pharyng/o
pharynx
pharyng/o
pharynx
gastr/o
stomach
gastr/o
stomach
crani/o
skull
crani/o
skull
thorac/o
rib cage
thorac/o
rib cage
om/o
shoulder
om/o
shoulder
nas/o
nose
nas/o
nose
dermat/o
skin
dermat/o
skin
ureter/o
ureter
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
urethr/o
urethra
ur/o
urine, urinary system
ur/o
urine, urinary system
vagin/o
vagina
vagin/o
vagina
vulv/o
vulva
vulv/o
vulva
pyel/o
pelvis
pyel/o
pelvis
rhin/o
nose
rhin/o
nose
my/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
hepat/o
liver
hepat/o
liver
psych-
mind
psych-
mind
oophor/o
ovary
oophor/o
ovary
trich/o
hair
trich/o
hair
gingiv-
gums
gingiv-
gums
enter/o
intestine
enter/o
intestine
labi/o
lips
labi/o
lips
stomat/o
mouth
stomat/o
mouth
or/o
mouth
or/o
mouth
blephar/o
eyelid
blephar/o
eyelid
salping/o
fallopian tubes
salping/o
fallopian tubes
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
balan/o
(penis or clitoridis) glans
balan/o
(penis or clitoridis) glans
-pepsia
digestion
-pepsia
digestion
-phagia
eating
-phagia
eating
brachi-
arm
brachi-
arm
thromb/o
blood clot
thromb/o
blood clot
dors-
back
dors-
back
ophthlam/o
eye
ophthlam/o
eye
ocul/o
eye
ocul/o
eye
ot/o
ear
ot/o
ear
auri/o
ear
auri/o
ear
oo-
eggs, ova
oo-
eggs, ova
oo-
ova
oo-
ova
bucc-
cheek
bucc-
cheek
steth/o
chest
steth/o
chest
mast/o
breast
mast/o
breast
enchephal/o
brain
enchephal/o
brain
mamm/o
breast
mamm/o
breast
som-
body
som-
body
cerebr/o
brain
cerebr/o
brain
oste/o
bone
oste/o
bone
uric-o
uric acid
uric-o
uric acid
varic/o
swollen, twisted
varic/o
swollen, twisted
ven-
blood in veins
ven-
blood in veins
ventricul/o
ventricles
ventricul/o
ventricles
-version
turning
-version
turning
vesic/o
bladder
vesic/o
bladder
viscer/o
internal organs
viscer/o
internal organs
xen/o
foreign, different
xen/o
foreign, different
xer/o
dry, desert-like
xer/o
dry, desert-like
-y
condition or process of
-y
condition or process of
zym/o
fermentation
zym/o
fermentation
ungui-
nail, claw
ungui-
nail, claw
umbilic-
navel
umbilic-
navel
ultra-
beyond, excessive
ultra-
beyond, excessive
- ula
- ule
small
- ula
- ule
small
tympan/o
eardrum
tympan/o
eardrum
-tripsy
crushing
-tripsy
crushing
trans-
moving, situated “across”
trans-
moving, situated “across”
trachel/o
neck
trachel/o
neck
trache/a
trachea
trache/a
trachea
tort/i
twisted
tort/i
twisted
top/o
topical
top/o
topical
-tony
tension
-tony
tension
tono-
tone, tension, pressure
tono-
tone, tension, pressure
-tomy
cutting, incision
-tomy
cutting, incision
-tome
cutting instrument
-tome
cutting instrument
toco-
childbirth
toco-
childbirth
-tic
pertaining to
-tic
pertaining to
thyr/o
thyroid
thyr/o
thyroid
therm/o
heat
therm/o
heat
therap/o
treatment
therap/o
treatment
thec-
case, sheath
thec-
case, sheath
- tension
- tensive
pressure
- tension
- tensive
pressure
tetan-
rigid, tense
tetan-
rigid, tense
thel/o
nipple
thel/o
nipple
sy syl- sym- syn- sys-
similarity, likeness or being together
sy syl- sym- syn- sys-
similarity, likeness or being together
supra-
above, excessive
supra-
above, excessive
sub-
beneath
sub-
beneath
-stomy
creation of an opening
-stomy
creation of an opening
stom/a
mouth
stom/a
mouth
sthen/o
strength`
sthen/o
strength`
spondyl/o
spine, vertebra
spondyl/o
spine, vertebra
spermat/o
sperm
spermat/o
sperm
spasm/o
spasm
spasm/o
spasm
-spadias
slit, fissure
-spadias
slit, fissure
sacro-
muscular, fleshlike
sacro-
muscular, fleshlike
schist/o
split, cleft
schist/o
split, cleft
schiz/o
split, double-sided
schiz/o
split, double-sided
scler/o-
hardness
scler/o-
hardness
scoto-
darkness
scoto-
darkness
sial/o
saliva, salivary glad
sial/o
saliva, salivary glad
sinistr/o
left, left side
sinistr/o
left, left side
sigmoid/o
sigmoid, S-shaped curvature
sigmoid/o
sigmoid, S-shaped curvature
sit/o
food, grain
sit/o
food, grain
-rupt
break, burst
-rupt
break, burst
rhachi/o
spine
rhachi/o
spine
retro-
backwards, behind
retro-
backwards, behind
ren/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
rect/o
rectum
rect/o
rectum
radio-
radiation
radio-
radiation
re-
again, backward
re-
again, backward
pyro-
fever
pyro-
fever
pyo-
pus
pyo-
pus
pulmon/o
lungs
pulmon/o
lungs
psor-
itching
psor-
itching
prot/o
first, most important
prot/o
first, most important
prosop/o
face
prosop/o
face
proct/o
anus, rectum
proct/o
anus, rectum
presyb/o
old age
presyb/o
old age
pre-
before
pre-
before
por/o
pore, porous
por/o
pore, porous
phag/o
eat, devour
phag/o
eat, devour
phagist-
one who “feeds on”
phagist-
one who “feeds on”
-phagy
to “feed one”
-phagy
to “feed one”
phallo-
phallus
phallo-
phallus
-philia
attraction for
-philia
attraction for
-phobia
exaggerated fear, sensitivity
-phobia
exaggerated fear, sensitivity
phos-
light, chemical properties to light
phos-
light, chemical properties to light
phot/o
light
phot/o
light
phyt-
grow
phyt-
grow
pleio-
more, excessive, multiple
pleio-
more, excessive, multiple
palpebr-
eyelid
palpebr-
eyelid
pan-
pant/o
complete, containing everything
pan-
pant/o
complete, containing everything
para-
alongside, abnormal
para-
alongside, abnormal
parvo-
small
parvo-
small
path/o
disease
path/o
disease
pauci-
few
pauci-
few
ped-
- ped
- pes
foot
ped-
- ped
- pes
foot
pelv/o
hip bone
pelv/o
hip bone
orth/o
straight, correct
orth/o
straight, correct
orchi/o
testis
orchi/o
testis
optic/o
eye
optic/o
eye
onco-
bulk, tumor, volume
onco-
bulk, tumor, volume
-omata
tumor (plural)
-omata
tumor (plural)
ole
small, little
ole
small, little
-oid
resemblance to
-oid
resemblance to
- oesophago
- oesophageal
gullet
- oesophago
- oesophageal
gullet
odyn/o
pain
odyn/o
pain
odont/o
teeth
odont/o
teeth
norm/o
normal
norm/o
normal
narc/o
numb, sleep
narc/o
numb, sleep
myx/o
mucous
myx/o
mucous
myring/o
eardrum
myring/o
eardrum
muscul/o
muscle
muscul/o
muscle
milli-
thousanth
milli-
thousanth
micro
millionth
micro
millionth
metr/o
condition of/instruments of the uterus
metr/o
condition of/instruments of the uterus
mero-
part
mero-
part
mening/o
membrane
mening/o
membrane
mamm/o
breast
mamm/o
breast
mammill/o
nipple
mammill/o
nipple
manu-
hand
manu-
hand
lys/o
-lytic
dissolution
lys/o
-lytic
dissolution
log/o
speech
log/o
speech
-logist
someone who studies in a specific field _____-ology
-logist
someone who studies in a specific field _____-ology
lingu/o
tongue
lingu/o
tongue
lept/o
light, slender
lept/o
light, slender
- lepsis
- lepsy
attack, seizure
- lepsis
- lepsy
attack, seizure
lei/o
smooth
lei/o
smooth
later/o
lateral
later/o
lateral
lapar/o
abdominal wall, flank
lapar/o
abdominal wall, flank
lact/o
milk
lact/o
milk
lacrim/o
tear
lacrim/o
tear
kyph/o
humped
kyph/o
humped
koil/o
hollow
koil/o
hollow
kin/e
kin/o
kenisi/o
movement
kin/e
kin/o
kenisi/o
movement
kal/i
potassium
kal/i
potassium
karyo-
nucleaus
karyo-
nucleaus
kerat/o
cornea (eye or skin)
kerat/o
cornea (eye or skin)
-ium
structure, tissue
-ium
structure, tissue
-itis
inflammation
-itis
inflammation
-ite
nature of, resembling
-ite
nature of, resembling
-ist
one who specializes in
-ist
one who specializes in
-ismus
spasm, contraction
-ismus
spasm, contraction
-ism
condition, disease
-ism
condition, disease
ischio-
hip-joint
ischio-
hip-joint
irid/o
iris
irid/o
iris
ipsi-
same
ipsi-
same
intra-
within
intra-
within
inter-
between, among
inter-
between, among
infra-
within
infra-
within
ileo-
ileum
ileo-
ileum
idio
self, one’s own
idio
self, one’s own
-ics
organized knowledge, treatment
-ics
organized knowledge, treatment
-icle
small
-icle
small
ic
pertaining to
ic
pertaining to
iatr/o
medicine, physician
iatr/o
medicine, physician
hyp/o
below normal
hyp/o
below normal
hyper-
above normal
hyper-
above normal
hydr/o
water
hydr/o
water
humer/o
shoulder
humer/o
shoulder
hom/o
the same
hom/o
the same
home/o
similar
home/o
similar
hist/o
tissue
hist/o
tissue
hidr/o
sweat
hidr/o
sweat
heter/o
the other
heter/o
the other
halluc-
to wander in mind
halluc-
to wander in mind
gyn/o
woman
gyn/o
woman
-graph
instrument used to record data and pictures
-graph
instrument used to record data and pictures
-gram
record or picture
-gram
record or picture
gon/o
seed, semen, reproductive
gon/o
seed, semen, reproductive
-gnosis
knowledge
-gnosis
knowledge
gnath/o
jaw
gnath/o
jaw
glyc/o
sugar
glyc/o
sugar
gluco-
sweet
gluco-
sweet
glauc/o
grey, bluish-gray in color
glauc/o
grey, bluish-gray in color
genu-
knee
genu-
knee
-genic
formative, pertaining to producing
-genic
formative, pertaining to producing
-gen
born in, certain kind
-gen
born in, certain kind
faci/o
face
faci/o
face
fibr/o
fiber
fibr/o
fiber
filli-
fine, hair-like
filli-
fine, hair-like
-form, iform
having the form of
-form, iform
having the form of
fore-
ahead
fore-
ahead
fossa-
hollow, depressed area
fossa-
hollow, depressed area
front-
forhead
front-
forhead
extra-
outside
extra-
outside
exo
outer, outside
exo
outer, outside
esthesi/o
sensation
esthesi/o
sensation
episi/o
pubic region, loins
episi/o
pubic region, loins
endo-
inside, within
endo-
inside, within
-emia
blood condition
-emia
blood condition
-emesis
vomiting
-emesis
vomiting
-eal
pertaining to
-eal
pertaining to
ec-
out, away
ec-
out, away
ect/o
outer, outside
ect/o
outer, outside
- ecstasia
- ecstasis
dialation
- ecstasia
- ecstasis
dialation
de-
away, cessation
de-
away, cessation
dent-
teeth
dent-
teeth
-desis
binding
-desis
binding
dextr/o
right, right side
dextr/o
right, right side
di-
2, two
di-
2, two
dif-
apart, separation
dif-
apart, separation
-dipsia
thirst
-dipsia
thirst
dromo-
running, conduction
dromo-
running, conduction
duoden/o
duodenum
duoden/o
duodenum
-dynia
pain
-dynia
pain
-crine
secrete
-crine
secrete
cutane-
skin
cutane-
skin
cycl
circle
cycl
circle
cyph/o
bent
cyph/o
bent
cyt/o
-cyte
cell
cyt/o
-cyte
cell
cox-
hip, haunch, hip-joint
cox-
hip, haunch, hip-joint
coron/o
crown
coron/o
crown
cor-
com-
with, together
cor-
com-
with, together
contra-
against
contra-
against
colp/o
vagina
colp/o
vagina
col-
colo-
colono-
colon
col-
colo-
colono-
colon
co-
with, together, in association
co-
with, together, in association
-clast
break
-clast
break
cis-
on this side
cis-
on this side
cili-
cilia
cili-
cilia
- cidal
- cide
killing, destroying
- cidal
- cide
killing, destroying
chromat/o
color
chromat/o
color
chrond/io
cartilage, gristle, granule, granular
chrond/io
cartilage, gristle, granule, granular
chol/e
bile
chol/e
bile
-cele
hernia
-cele
hernia
-centisis
puncture for aspiration
-centisis
puncture for aspiration
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cerebell/o
cerebellum
cervic-
cervix, neck
cervic-
cervix, neck
chem/o
chemistry, drug
chem/o
chemistry, drug
cerebr/o
cerebrum
cerebr/o
cerebrum
carcin/o
cancer
carcin/o
cancer
capit-
head (as a whole)
capit-
head (as a whole)
burs/o
bursa (fluid sac between the bones)
burs/o
bursa (fluid sac between the bones)
bronch/i
bronchus
bronch/i
bronchus
blast/o
gem or bud
blast/o
gem or bud
bio-
life
bio-
life
azo/to
nitrogenous compound
azo/to
nitrogenous compound
aux/o
increase, growth
aux/o
increase, growth
aut/o
self
aut/o
self
aur/i
ear
aur/i
ear
-ation
process
-ation
process
atel/o
imperfect, incomplete development
atel/o
imperfect, incomplete development
-asthenia
weakness
-asthenia
weakness
-ase
enzyme
-ase
enzyme
-ary
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
articul/o
joint
articul/o
joint
arthr/o
joint
arthr/o
joint
ankyl/o
ancyl/o
crooked, bent
ankyl/o
ancyl/o
crooked, bent
aniso-
unequal
aniso-
unequal
andr/o
male
andr/o
male
an-
anus
an-
anus
ana-
back, up, again
ana-
back, up, again
an-
not, without
an-
not, without
amph-
amphi-
on both sides
amph-
amphi-
on both sides
amni/o
membranous fetal sac (amnion)
amni/o
membranous fetal sac (amnion)
all/o
different, as an addition
all/o
different, as an addition
-algi/o
pain
-algi/o
pain
aer/o
gas, air
aer/o
gas, air
an-
with, without
an-
with, without
stereo-
solid, 3-dimensional
zym-
yeast
tarso-
ankle
sept-
partition, 7, seven
mort-
death
onc-
mass, tumor
-node
knot
ameb-
change, alternation
flu-
fluct-
flux-
flow
ferro-
iron
chym-
juice
-sim
state, condition
orb-
circle, round, ring
hygr-
moist, wet
dendr-
tree
bacter-
bactr-
bacterium