Root List - Kaplan Flashcards
a/an
not, without
agnostic, amoral, anomaly, anonymous, apathy, atheist, atrophy, atypical
ab
off, away from, apart, down
abdicate, abduct, abhor, abject, abnormal, abolish, abstinence, abstract, abstruse
able/ible
capable of, worthy of
changeable, combustible, inevitable, presentable
ac/acr
sharp, bitter, sour
acerbic, acid, acrimonious, acumen, acute, exacerbate
acou
hearing
acoustic
act/ag
to do, to drive, to force, to lead
agile, agitate, pedagogue, prodigal, synagogue
ad
to, toward, near
(Often d is dropped and first letter is doubled)
accede, adapt, addict, address, adhere, adjacent, adjoin, admire, advocate, attract
al/ali/alter
other, another
alias, alibi, alien, allegory, alter ego, alternative, altruist
am
love
amateur, amatory, amiable, amicable, amity, amorous, enamored, inamorata
ambi/amphi
both, on both sides, around
ambidextrous, ambient, ambiguous, amphibian
ambl/ambul
to go, to walk
ambulance, ambulatory, perambulator, preamble
anim
of the life, mind, soul, breath
animal, animosity, equanimity, magnanimous, unanimous
annui/enni
year
annals, anniversary, annual, annuity, perennial
ant/ante
before
antebellum, antecedent, antedate, antediluvian, anterior
anthro/andr
man, human
androgen, androgynous, android, anthropocentric, anthropology, misanthrope, philanderer
anti
against, opposite
antibody, antidote, antipathy, antipodal, antiseptic
apo
away
apocalypse, apocryphal, apogee, apology, apostasy, apostle
aqua/aque
water
aquamarine, aquarium. aquatic, aqueduct, subaqueous
arch/archi/archy
chief, principal, ruler
anarchy, archenemy, architect, monarchy, oligarchy
ard
burn
ardent, ardor, arson
auto
self
autocrat, automatic, autonomy
be
able, to make, to surround, to affect
(often to make transitive verbs)
belie, belittle, bemoan, bewilder
bel/bell
beautiful
belle, embellish
bell
war
antebellum, belligerent, rebel
ben/bene
good
benediction, benefit, benevolent, benign
bi/bin
two
biennial, bilateral, bilingual, binocular, bipartisan, combination
bon/boun
good, generous
bona fide, bonus, bountiful
brev/brid
short, small
abbreviate, abridge, brevet, breviloquent, brevity, brief
burs
purse, money
bursar, bursary, disburse, reimburse
cad/cid
to fall, to happen by chance
accident, cascade, coincidence, decadent, recidivist
cant/cent/chant
to sing
accent, chant, enchant, incantation, incentive, recant
cap/cip/cept
to take, to get
anticipate, capture, emancipate, percipient, precept, susceptible
cap/capit/cipit
head, headlong
capital, capitulate, caption, disciple, precipice, precipitate
card/cord/cour
heart
cardiac, concord, concordance, discord, encourage
carn
flesh
carnage, carnival, carnivorous, incarnation, reincarnation
cast/chast
to cut
cast, caste, castigate, chaste, chastise
caus/caut
to burn
caustic, cauterize, cautery, holocaust
ced/ceed/cess
to go, to yield, to stop
accede, antecedent, cessation, concede, incessant, predecessor
celer
speed
accelerant, accelerate, celerity, decelerate
cent
hundred, hundredth
bicentennial, cent, centigrade, centimeter, centipede, century, percent
centr
center
centrifuge, centrist, concentrate, concentric, eccentric
cern/cert/cret/crim/crit
to separate, to judge, to distinguish, to decide
ascertain, certitude, criterion, discreet, discrete, hypocrite
chrom
color
chromatic, chrome, chromosome, monochromatic
chron
time
anachronism, chronic, chronology, chronometer, synchronize
circu/circum
around
circuit, circuitous, circumference, circumspect, circumstance
cis
to cut
exorcise, incision, incisive, precise, scissors
cla/clo/clu
to shut, to close
claustrophobia, cloister, conclude, disclose, exclusive, preclude
claim/clam
to shout, to cry out
clamor, disclaim, exclaim, proclaim, reclaim
cli
to lean toward
climax, decline, disinclination, proclivity, recline
co/col/com/con
with, together
coerce, collaborate, collide, commensurate, compatible, conciliate, connect
cogn/conn
to know
cognition, incognito, recognize
contra/contro/counter
against
contradict, contrary, controversy, counterfeit, countermand, encounter
corp/corps
body
corporation, corps, corpse, corpulent, corset, incorporation
cosm
order, universe, world
cosmetic, cosmic, cosmology, cosmonaut, cosmopolitan, cosmos, microcosm
cour/cur
running, a course
concur, courier, curriculum, cursive, cursory, excursion, incursion, recur
cre/cresc/cret
to grow
accretion, accrue, creation, excrescence, increase, increment
cred
to believe, to trust
credentials, credit, credo, credulity, incredible
crypt
hidden
apocryphal, crypt, cryptography, cryptology
cub/cumb
to lie down
cubicle, incubate, incumbent, recumbent, succumb
culp
fault, blame
culpable, culprit, inculpate, mea culpa
dac/doc
to teach
didactic, docile, doctor, doctrine, indoctrinate
de
away, off, down, completely, reversal
decipher, defame, deferential, defile, delineate, descend
dele
to erase
delete, indelible
dem
people
democracy, demographics, endemic, epidemic, pandemic
dext
right hand, right side, deft
ambidextrous, dexter, dexterity
di
day
dial, diary, dismal, diurnal, meridian, quotidian
di/dia
in two, through, across
diagnose, dialogue, diameter, dichotomy
di/dif/dis
away from, apart, reversal, not
diffuse, dilate, dilatory, dispers, disseminate, dissipate, dissuade
dic/dict/dit
to say, to tell, to use words
dictionary, interdict, predict, verdict
dign
worth
condign, deign, dignitary, dignity, disdain
dog/dox
opinion
dogma, orthodox, paradox
dol
to suffer, to pain, to grieve
condolence, doleful, dolorous, indolence
don/dot/dow
to give
anecdote, antidote, donate, endow, pardon
dorm
sleep
dormant, dormitory
dors
back
dorsal, endorse
dub
doubt
dubiety, dubious, indubitable
duc/duct
to lead
abduct, conducive, conduct, induce, induct, produce
dulc
sweet
dulcet, dulcified, dulcimer
dur
hard, lasting
dour, durable, diration, duress, endure, obdurate
dys
faulty, abnormal
dysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspepsia, dystrophy
e/ex
out, out of, from, former, completely
efface, evade, exclude, exonerate, expire, extricate
ego
self
ego, egocentric, egoism/egotism
em/en
in, into
embrace, enclose
epi
upon
epidemic, epidermis, epigram, epilogue, epithet
equ
equal, even
adequate, equation, equidistant, iniquity
err
to wander
err, errant, erratic, error
esce
becoming
adolescent, convalescent, incandescent, obsolescent, reminiscent
eu
good, well
eugenics, eulogy, euphemism, euphony, euthanasia
extra
outside, beyond
extract, extradite, extraordinary, extrapolate, extrasensory
fab/fam
to speak
affable, defame, fable, famous, ineffable
fac/fic/fig/fait/feit/fy
to do, to make
configuration, counterfeit, deficient, effigy, faction, factory, prolific, ratify
fal
to err, to deceive
default, fail, fallacy, false, faux pas, infalliable
fatu
foolish
fatuity, fatuous, infatuated
fer
to bring, to carry, to bear
confer, offer, proffer, proliferate, referendum
ferv
to boil, to bubble
effervescent, fervid, fervor
fi/fid
faith, trust
affidavit, confide, fidelity, fiduciary, infidel
fin
end
confine, definitive, final, infinite, infinitesimal
flagr/flam
to burn
conflagration, flagrant, flambeau, inflame
flect/flex
to bend, to turn
deflect, flexible, genuflect, inflect, reflect
flu/flex
to flow
confluence, effluence, fluctuation, fluid, mellifluous
fore
before
foreshadow, foresight, forestall, forthright
fort
chance
fortuitous, fortunate, fortune
fort
strength
forte, fortify, fortissimo
fra/frac/frag/fring
to break
fractious, fracture, fragment, infringe, refractory
fug
to flee, to fly
centrifugal, fugitive, fugue, refuge, refugee, subterfuge
fulg
to shine
effulgent, refulgent
fum
smoke
fume, fumigate, perfume
fus
to pour
diffuse, fusillade, infusion, profuse, suffuse
gen
birth, creation, race, kind
carcinogenic, congenital, gender, generous, genetics, progeny
gni/gno
to know
agnostic, diagnose, ignoramus, ignore, prognosis
grad/gress
to step
aggressive, degrade, digress, egress, progress, regress
gram/graph
to write, to draw
diagram, epigram, grammar, graph, graphite, photograph
grat
pleasing
gracious, grateful, gratuity, ingratiate
greg
flock
aggregate, congregate, egregious, gregarious, segregate
hap
by chance
haphazard, hapless, happen, happily, happy, mishap, perhaps
hemi
half
hemisphere, hemistich
her/hes
to stick
adherent, adhesive, coherent, inherent
(h)etero
different, other
heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual
hol
whole
catholic, holocaust, hologram, holograph, holistic
(h)om
same
anomaly, homeostasis, homogeneous, homonym, homosexual
hum
earth
exhume, humble, humility
hyper
over, excessive
hyperactive, hyperbole, hyperglycemia