Root Flashcards
A/AN
: NOT / WITHOUT
- **agnostic: **one who believes the existence of God is not provable
- amoral: neither moral nor immoral; having no relation to morality
- **anomaly: **an irregularity
- **annoymous: **of unknown authorship or origin
- **apathy: **lack of interest or emotion
- **atheist: **one who does not believe in God
- **atrophy: **the wasting away of body tissue
- **atypical: **not typical
AB
OFF, AWAY, FROM, APART, DOWN
- **abdicate: **to renounce or relinquish a throne
- **abduct: **to take away by force
- **abhor: **to hate, detest
- **abject: **cast down; degraded
- **abnormal: **deviating from a standard
- **abolish: ** to do away with, make void
- **abstinence: **forebearance from any indulgence of appetite
- abstract: conceived apart from concrete realities, specific objectd, or actual instances
- **abstruse: **hard to understand; secret, hidden
ABLE / IBLE
: CAPABLE OF, WORTHY OF
- **changeable: **able to be changed
- **combustible: ** capable of being burned; easily inflamed
- **inevitable: **impossible to be avoided; certain to happen
- **presentable: **suitable for being presented
AC / ACR
: SHARP, BITTER, SOUR
- **acerbic: **sour or astringent in taste; harsh in temper
- **acid: **something that is sharp, sour, or ill-natured
- **acrimonious: **caustic, stinging, or bitter in nature
- **acumen: **mental sharpness; quickness of wit
- **exacerbate: **to increase bitterness or violence; aggravate
ACT / AG
: TO DO, TO DRIVE, TO FORCE, TO LEAD
- **agile: **quick and well-coordinated in movement; active, lively
- **agitate: **to move or force into violent, irregular actioin
- **litigate: **to make the subject of a lawsuite
- **pedagogue: **a teacher
- **prodigal: **wastefully or recklessly extravagant
ACOU
: HEARING
- **acoustic: **pertaining to hearing; sound made through mechanical, not electronic, means
AD
: TO, TOWARD, NEAR ( often the *d *is dropped and the first letter to which *a *is prefixed is doubled. )
- **accede: **to yield to a demand; to enter office
- **adapt: **adjust or modify fittingly
- **addict: **to give oneself over, as to a habit or pursuit
- **address: **to direct a speech or written statement to
- **adhere: ** to stick fast; cleave; cling
- **adjacent: **near, close, or contigous; adjoining
- **adjoin: **to be close or in contact with
- **admire: **to regard with wonder, pleasure, and approval
- advocate: to plead in favor of
- **attract: **to draw either by physical force or by an appeal to emotions or senses
AL / ALI / ALTER
: OTHER, ANOTHER
- **alias: **an assumed name; another name
- **alibi: **the defense by an accused person that he was verifiably elsewhere at the time of the crime which he is charged
- **alien: **one born in another country; a foreigner
- **allegory: **figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another
- **alter ego: **the second self; a substitute or deputy
- **alternative: **a possible choice
- **altruist: **a person unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others
AM
: LOVE
- **amature: **a person who engages in an activity for pleasure rather than financial or professional gain
- **amatory: **of or pertaining to lovers or lovemaking
- **amiable: **having or showing agreeable personal qualities
- **amicable: **characterized by exhibiting good wiil
- **amity: **friendship; peaceful harmony
- **amorous: **inclined to love, esp. sexual love
- **enamored: **inflamed with love; chramed; captivated
- **inamorata: **a female lover
AMBI / AMPHI
: BOTH, ON BOTH SIDES, AROUND
- **ambidextrous: **able to use both hands equally well
- **ambient: **moving around freely; circulating
- **ambiguous: **open to various interpretations
- **amphibianL **any cold-blooded vertebrate, the larva of which is aquaitc and the adult of which is terrestrial; a personor thing having a twofold nature
AMBL / AMBUL
: TO GO , TO WALK
- **ambulance: **a vehicle equipped for carrying sick people ( from a phrase meaning “walking hospital” )
- **ambulatory: **of, pertaining to, or capable of walking
- **perambulator: **one who makes a tour of inspection on foot
- **preamble: **an introductory statment (originally: to walk in front )
ANIM
: OF THE LIFE, MIND, SOUL, BREATH
- **animal: **a living being
- **animosity: **a feeling of ill will or enmity
- **equanimity: **mental or emotional stability, especially under tension
- **magnanimous: **generous in forgiving an insult or injury
- **unanimous: **of one mind; in complete accord
ANNUI / ENNI
: YEAR
- **annals: **a record of events, esp. a yearly record
- **anniversary: **the yearly recurrence of the date of a past event
- **annual: **of, for, or pertaining to a year; yearly
- **annuity: **a specific income payable at stated intervals
- **perennial: **lasting for an indefinite amount of time
ANT / ANTE
: BEFORE
- **antebellum: **before the war ( especially the American Civil War )
- **antecedent: **existing, being, or going before
- **antedate: **precede in time
- **antediluvian: **belonging to the period before the biblical flood; very old or old-fashioned
- **anterior: **placed before
ANTHORD / ANDR
: MAN, HUMAN
- **androgen: **any substance that promotes masculine characteristics
- **androgynous: **being both male and female
- **android: **robot; mechanical human
- **anthropocentric: **regarding humanity as the central fact of the universe
- **anthropology: **the science that deals with the origins of humankind
- **misanthrope: **one who hates humans or humanity
- **philanderer: **one who carries on flirtations
ANTI
: AGAINST, OPPOSITE
- **antibody: **a protein naturally existing in blood serum that reacts to overcome the toxic effects of an antigen
- **antidote: **a remedy for counteracting the effects of poison, disease, etc
- **antipathy: **aversion
- **antipodal: **on the opposite side of the globe
- **antiseptic: **free from germs; particularly clean or neat
APO
: AWAY
- **apocalypse: **revelation; discovery; disclosure
- **apocryphal: **of doubtful anthorship or authenticity
- **apology: **an expression of one’s regret or sorrow for having wronged another
- **apostasy: **a total desertion of one’s religion, principles, party, cause, etc.
- **apostle: **one of the 12 disciples sent forth by Jesus to preach the Gospel
AQUA / AQUE
: WATER
- **aquamarine: **a bluish-green color
- **aquarium: **a tank for keeping fish and other underwater creatures
- **aquatic: **having to do with water
- **aqueduct: **a channel for transporting water
- **subaqueous: **underwater
ARCH / ARCHI / ARCHY
: CHIEF, PRINCIPAL, RULER
- **anarchy: **a state or society without government or law
- **anchenemy: **chief enemy
- **architect: **the devisor, maker, or planner of anything
- **monarchy: **a government in which the supreme power is lodged in a sovereign
- **oligarchy: **a state or society ruled by a select group
ARD
: TO BURN
- **ardent: **burning; fierce; passionate
- **ardor: **flame; passion
- **arson: **the crime of setting property on fire
AUTO
: SELF
- **autocrat: **an absolute ruler
- **automatic: **self-moving or self-acting
- **autonomy: **independence or freedom
BE
: ABOUT, TO MAKE, TO SURROUND, TO AFFECT (OFTEN USED TO TRANFORM WORDS INTO TRANSITIVE VERBS)
- **belie: **to misrepresent; to contradict
- **belittle: **to make small; to make something appear smaller
- **bemoan: **to moan for; to lament
- **bewilder: **to confuse completely ( that is, to make one mentally wander )
BEL / BELL
: BEAUTIFUL
- belle: a beautiful woman
- **embellish: **to make beautiful; to ornament
BELL
: WAR
- **antebellum: **before the war ( especially the American Civil War )
- **belligerent: **warlike, given to waging war
- **rebel: ** a person who resists authority, control, or tradition
BEN / BENE
: GOOD
- **benediction: **act of uttering a blessing
- **benefit: **anything advantageous to a person or thing
- **benevolent: **desiring to do good to others
- **benign: **having kindly disposition
BI / BIN
: TWO
- **biennial: **happening every two years
- **bilateral: **pertaining to or affecting two or both sides
- **bilingual: **able to speak one’s native language and another with equal facility
- **binocular: **having two eyes
- combination**: **the joining of two or more things into a whole
BON / BOUN
: GOOD, GENEROUS
- **boan fide: **in good faith; without fraud
- **bonus: **something given over and above what is due
- **bountiful: **generous
BREV / BRID
: SHORT , SMALL
- **abbreviate: **to shorten
- **abridge: **to shorten
- **brevity: ** an honorary promotion with no additoinal pay
- **breviloquent: **laconic; concise in one’s speech
- **brevity: **shortness
- **brief: **short
BURS
: PURSE, MONEY
- **bursar: **treasurer
- **bursary: **treasurer
- **disburse: **to pay
- **reimburse: **to pay back
CAD / CID
: TO FALL, TO HAPPEN BY CHANCE
- **accident: **happening by chance; unexpected
- **cascade: **a waterfall descending over a steep surface
- **coincidence: **a striking occurence of two or more events at one time, apparently by chance
- **decadent: **decaying; deteriorating
- **recidivist: **one who repeatedly relapses, as into crime
CANT / CENT / CHANT
: TO SING
- **accent: **prominence of a syllable in terms of pronunication
- **chant: **a song; singing
- **enchant: **to subject to magical influence; bewitch
- **incantation: **the chanting of words purporting to have magical power
- **incentive: **that which incites action
- **recant: **to withdraw or disavow a statement
CAP / CIP / CEPT
: TO TAKE, TO GET
- **anticipate: **to realize beforehand; foretaste or foresee
- **capture: **to take by force or stratagem
- **emancipate: **to free from restraint
- **percipient: **having perception; discerning; discriminating
- **precept: **a commandment or direction given as a rule of conduct
- **susceptible: **capable of receiving, admitting undergoing, or being affected by something
CAP / CAPIT / CIPIT
: HEAD, HEADLONG
- **capital: **the city or town that is the official seat of government
- **capitulate: **to surrender unconditionally or on stipulated terms
- **caption: **heading or title
- **disciple: **one who is a pupil of the doctrines of another
- **precipice: **a cliff with a vertical face
- **precipitate: **to hasten the occurrence of; to bring about prematurely
CARD / CORD / COUR
: HEART
- **cardiac: ** pertaining to the heart
- **concord: **agreement; peace, amity
- **concordance: **agreement, concord, harmony
- **discord: **lack of harmony between persons ro things
- **encourage: **to inspire with spirite or confidence
CARN
: FLESH
- **carnage: **the slaugther of a great number of people
- **carnival: **a traveling amusement show
- **carnival: **eating flesh
- **incarnation: **a being invested with a bodily form
- **reincarnation: **rebirth of a soul in a new body
CAST / CHAST
: TO CUT
- cast**: **to throw or hurl; fling
- **caste: **a hereditary social group, limited to people of the same rank
- **castigate: **to punish in order to correct
- **chaste: **free from obscenity; decent
- **chastise: **to discipline, esp. by corporal punishment
CAUS / CAUT
: TO BURN
- **caustic: **burning or corrosive
- **cauterize: **to burn or deaden
- **cautery: **an instrument used for branding; branding
- **holocaust: **a burnt offering; complete destruction by fire or other means
CED / CEED / CESS
: TO GO, TO YIELD, TO STOP
- **accede: **to yield to a demand; to enter office
- **antecedent: **existing, being, or going before
- **cessation: **a temporary or complete discontinuance
- **concede: **to acknowledge as true, just, or proper; admit
- **incessant: **without stop
- **predecessor: **one who comes before another in an office, position, etc.
CELER
: SPEED
- **accelerant: **something used to speed up a process
- **accelerate: **to increase in speed
- **celerate: **speed; quickness
- **decelerate: **to decrease in speed
CENT
: HUNDRED, HUNDREDTH
- **bicentennial: **two-hundredth anniversary
- **cent: **a hundredth of a dollar
- **centigrade: **a temperature system with one hudred degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water
- **centimeter: **one hundredth of a meter
- **centipede: ** a creature with many legs
- **century: **one hundred years
- **percent: **in every hundred
CENTR
: CENTER
- **centrifuge: **an apparatus that rotates at high speed and separates substances of different densities using centrifugal force
- **centrist: **of or pertaining to moderate political or social ideas
- **concentrate: **to bring to a common center; to converge, to direct toward one point
- **concentric: **having a common center, as in circles or spheres
- **eccentric: **off-center
**CERN / CERT / CRET / CRIM / CRIT **
: TO SEPARATE, TO DISTINGUISH, TO JUDGE, TO DECIDE
- **ascertain: **to make sure of; to determine
- **certitude: **freedom from doubt
- **criterion: **a standard of judgment or criticism
- **discreet: **judicious in one’s conduct of speech, esp. with regard to maintaining silence about something of a delicate nature
- **discrete: **detached from others, separate
- **hypocrite: **a person who pretends to have beliefs that she does not
CHROM
: COLOR
- **chromatic: **having to do with color
- **chrome: **a metallic element (chromium) used to make vivid colors or something plated with chromium
- **chromosome: **genetic material that can be studied by coloring it with dyes
- **monochromatic: **having only one color
CHRON
: TIME
- **anachronism: **something that is out-of-date or belonging to the wrong time
- **chronic: **constant, habitual
- **chronology: **that sequential order in which past events occurred
- **chronometer: **a highly accurate clock or watch
- **synchronize: **to occur at the same time or agree in time
CIRCU / CIRCUM
: AROUND
- **circuit: **a line around an area; a racecourse; the path traveled by eletrical current
- **circuitous: **roundabout, indirect
- **circumference: ** the outer boundary of a circular area
- **circumspect: **cautious; watching all sides
- **circumstances: ** the existing conditions or state of affairs surrounding and affecting an agent
CIS
: TO CUT
- **exorcise: **to seek to expel an evil spirit by ceremony
- **incision: **a cut, gash, or notch
- **incisive: **penetrating, cutting
- **precise: **definitely stated or defined
- **scissors: **cutting instrument for paper
CLA / CLO / CLU
: TO SHUT, TO CLOSE
- **claustrophobia: **an abnormal fear of enclosed places
- **cloister: **a courtyard bordered with covered walks, esp. in a religious insitution
- **conclude: **to bring to an end; finish; to terminate
- **disclose: **to make know, reveal, or uncover
- **exclusive: **not admitting of something else; shutting out others
- **preclude: **to prevent the presence, existence, or ocurrence of
CLAIM / CLAM
**: TO SHOUT, TO CRY OUT **
- **clamor: **a loud uproar
- **disclaim: **to deny interest in or connection with
- exclaim: to cry out or speak suddenly and vehemently
- proclaim: to announce or declare in an official way
- reclaim: to claim or demand the return of a right or possesion
CLI
: TO LEAN TOWARD
- **climax: **the most intense point in the development of something
- decline: to cause to slope or incline downward
- disinclination: aversion, distate
- proclivity: inclination, bias
- recline: to lean back
CO / COL / COM / CON
: WITH, TOGETHER
- **coerce: **to compel by force, intimidation, or authority
- collaborate: to work with another, cooperate
- collide: to strike one another with a forceful impact
- commensurate: suitable in measure, proportionate
- compatible: capable of existing together in harmony
- concilate: to placate, win over
- connect: to bind or fasten together
COGN / CONN
: TO KNOW
- cognition: the process of knowing
- incognito: with one’s name or identity concealed
- recognize: to identify as already known
CONTRA / CONTRO / COUNTER
: AGAINST
- **contradict: **to oppose; to speak against
- contrary: opposed to; opposite
- controversy: a disputation; a quarrel
- counterfeit: fake; a false imitation
- countermand: to retract an order
- encounter: a meeting, often with an opponent
CORP / CORS
: BODY
- corporation: a company legally treated as an individual
- corps: a body ( an organized group ) of troops
- corpse: a dead body
- corpulent: obese; having a lot of flesh
- corset: a garment used to give shape and support to the body
- incorporation: combining into a single body
COSM
: ORDER, UNIVERSE, WORLD
- **cosmetic: **improving the appearance ( making it look better ordered )
- cosmic: relating to the universe
- cosmology: a theory of the universe as a whole
- cosmonaut: an astronaut; an exploer of outer space
- cosmopolitan: worldly
- cosmos: the universe; an orderly system; order
- microcosm: a small system that reflects a larger whole
COUR / CUR
: RUNNING, A COURSE
- concur: to accord in opinion; agree
- courier: a messenger traveling in haste who bears news
- curriculum: the regular course of study
- cursive: handwriting in flowing strokes with the letters joined together
- cursory: going rapidly over something; hasty; superficial
- excursion: a short journey or trip
- incursion: a hostile entrance into a place, esp. suddenly
- recur: to happen again
CRE / CRESC / CRET
: TO GROW
- **accretion: **an increase by natural growth
- accure: to be added as a matter of periodic gain
- creation: the act of producing or causing to exist
- excrescence: an outgrowth
- increase: to make greater in any repect
- increment: something added or gained; an addition or increase
CRED
: TO BELIEVE, TO TRUST
- **credentials: **anything that provides the basis for belief
- credit: trustworthiness
- credo: any formula of belief
- credulity: willingness to believe or trust too readily
- incredible: unbelievable
CRYPT
: HIDDEN
- **apocryphal: **of doubtful authorship or authenticity
- crypt: a subterranean chamber or vault
- cryptohgraphy: procedures of making and using secret writing
- crytology: the science of interpreting secret wirting, codes, ciphers, and the like
CUB / CUMB
: TO LIE DOWN
- cubicle: any small space or compartment that is partitioned off
- incubate: to sit upon for the purpose of hatching
- incumbent: holding an indicated position
- recumbent: lying down; reclining; leaning
- succumb: to give away to superior force; yield
CULP
: FAULT, BLAME
- **culpable: **deserving blame or censure
- culprit: a person guilty of an offense
- inculpate: to charge with fault
- mea culpa: through my fault; my fault
DAC / DOC
**: TO TEACH **
- didactic: intended for instruction
- docile: easily managed or handled; tractable
- doctor: someone licensed to practice medicine; learned person
- doctrine: a particular principle advocated, as of a government of religion
- indoctrinate: a imbue a person with learning
DE
: AWAY, OFF, DOWN, COMPLETELY, REVERSAL
- **decipher: **to make out the meaning; to interpret
- defame: to attack the good name or reputation of
- deferential: respectful; to yield to judgment
- defile: to make foul, dirty, or unclean
- delineate: to trace the outline of; sketch or trace in outline
- descend: to move from a higher to a lower place
DELE
: TO ERASE
- **delete: **erase; blot out; remove
- indelible: impossible to erase; lasting
DEM
: PEOPLE
- **democracy: **government by the people
- demographics: vital and social statistics of populations
- endemic: peculiar to a particular people or locality
- epidemic: affecting a large number of people at the same time and spreading from person to person
- pandimic: general, universal
DEXT
: RIGHT HAND, RIGHT SIDE, DEFT
- **ambidextrous: **equally able to use both hands
- dexter: on the right
- dexterity: deftness; adroitness
DI
: DAY
- dial: a device for seeing the hour of the day; a clock face; rotatable discs or knobs used as a control input
- diary: a record of one’s days
- dismal: gloomy (from “bad days”)
- diurnal: daily
- meridian: a direct line from the North Pole to the South Pole; the highest point reached by the sun; noon
- quotidian: every day; ordinary
DI / DIA
: IN TWO, THROUGH, ACROSS
- **diagnose: **to identify disease or fault from symptoms
- dialogue: conversation between two or more persons
- diameters: a line going through a circle, dividing it in two
- dichotomy: division into two parts, kinds, etc.
DI / DIF / DIS
**: AWAY FROM, APART, REVERSAL, NOT **
- **diffuse: **to pour out and spread, as in a fluid
- **dilate: **to make wider or larger; to cause tp expand
- dilatory: inclined to delay or procrastinate
- disperse: to drive or send off in various directions
- disseminate: to scatter or spread widely; promulgate
- dissipate: to scatter wastefully
- dissuade: to deter by advice or persuasion
DIC / DICT / DIT
: TO SAY, TO TELL, TO USE WORDS
- **dictionary: **a book containing a selection of the words of a language
- interdict: to forbid; prohibit
- predict: to tell in advance
- verdict: a judgment or decision
DIGN
: WORTH
- **condign: **well deserved; fitting; adequate
- deigh: to think fit or in accordance with one’s dignity
- dignitary: a person who holds a high rank or office
- dignity: nobility or elevation of character; worthiness
- disdain: to look upon or treat with contempt
DOG / DOX
**: OPINION **
- dogma: a system of tenets, as of a church
- orthodox: sound or correct in opinion or doctrine
- paradox: an opinion or statment contrary to accepted opinion
DOL
: TO SUFFER, TO PAIN, TO GRIEVE
- **condolence: **expression of sympathy with one who is suffering
- doleful: sorrowful, mournful
- dolorous: full of pain or sorrow, grievous
- indolence: a state of being lazy or slothful
DON / DOT / DOW
**: TO GIVE **
- **anecdote: **a short narrative about an interesting event
- antidote: something that prevents or counteracts ill effects
- donate: to present as a gift or contribution
- endow: to provide with a permanent fund
- pardon: kind indulgence, forgiveness
EX / E
: OUT, OUT OF, FROM, FORMER, COMPLETELY
- efface: to rub or wipe out; surpass, eclipse
- evade: to escape from, avoid
- exclude: to shut out; to leave out
- exonerate: to free or declare free from blame
- expire: to breathe out; to breathe one’s last; to end
- extricate: to disentangle, release
DORM
: SLEEP
- **dormant: **sleeping; inactive
- dormitory: a place for sleeping; a residence hall
DORS
: BACK
- dorsal: having to do with back
- endorse: to sign on the back; to vouch for
DUB
: DOUBT
- **dubiety: **doubtfulness
- dubious: doubthful
- indubialble: unquestionable
DUC / DUCT
: TO LEAD
- **abduct: **to carry off or lead away
- conducive: contributive, helpful
- conduct: personal behavior, way of acting
- induce: to lead or move by influence
- induct: to install in a position with formal ceremoies
DULC
: SWEET
- **dulcet: **sweet; pleasing
- dulcified: sweetened; softened
- dulcimer: a musical instrument
DUR
: HARD, LASTING
- **dour: **sullen, gloomy (originally: hard, obsitnate)
- durable: able to resist decay
- duration: the length of time something exists
- duress: compulsion by threat, coercion
- endure: to hold out against; to sustain without yielding
- obdurate: stubborn, resistant to persuasion
DYS
: FAULTY, ABNORMAL
- **dysfunctional: **poorly functioning
- dyslexia: an impairment of the ability to read due to a brain defect
- dyspepsia: imparied digestion
- dystrophy: faulty or inadequate nutrition or development
EGO
: SELF
- **ego: **oneself; the part of oneself that is self-aware
- egocnetric: focused on oneself
- egoism/egotism: selfishness; self-absorption
**EM / EN **
: IN, INTO
- **embrace: ** to clasp in the arms; to include or contain
- **enclose: **to close in on all sides
EPI
: UPON
- **epidemic: **affecting a large number of people at the same time and spreading from person to person
- epidermis: the outer layer of the skin
- epigram: a witty or pointed saying tersely expressed
- epilogue: a concluding part added to a literary work
- epithet: a word or phrase, used invectively as a term of abuse
EQU
: EQUAL, EVEN
- **adquate: **equal to the requirement or occasion
- equation: the act of maing equal
- equidistant: equally distant
- iniquity: gross injustice; wickedness
ERR
: TO WANDER
- **arrant: **notorious; downright (originally: wandering)
- err: to go astray in thought or belief, to be mistaken
- erractic: deviating from the proper or usual course in conduct
- error: a deviation from accuracy or correctness
ESCE
: BECOMING
- **adolescent: **between childhood and adulthood
- convalescent: recovering from illness
- incandescent: glowing with heat; shining
- obsolescent: becoming obsolete
- reminiscent: reminding or suggestive of
EU
: GOOD, WELL
- eugenic: improvment of qualities of race by control of inherited characteristics
- eulogy: speech or writing in praise or commendation
- euphemism: pleasant-sounding term for somthing unpleasant
- euphony: pleasaness of sound
- euthasia: killing a person painlessly, usually one who has an incurable, painful disease
EXTRA
: OUTSIDE, BEYOND
- **extract: **to take out, obtain against a person’s will
- extradite: to hand over ( person accused of crime) to state where crime was committed
- extraordinary: beyond the ordinary
- extrasensory: derived by means other than known senses
FAB / FAM
: TO SPEAK
- **affable: ** friendly, courteous
- defame: to attack the good name of
- fable: fictional tale, esp. legendary
- famous: well known, celebrated
- ineffable: too great for description in words; that which must not be uttered
FAC / FIC / FIG / FAIT / FEIT / FY
: TO DO, TO MAKE
- **configuration: **manner of arrangment, shape
- counterfeit: imitation, forgery
- deficient: incomplete or insufficient
- effigy: sculpture or model of person
- faction: small dissenting group within larger one, esp. in politics
- factory: building for manufacture of goods
- prolific: producing many offspring or much output
- ratify: to confirm or accept by formal consent
FAL
: TO ERR, TO DECEIVE
- **default: ** to fail
- fail: to be insufficient; to be unsuccessful; to die out
- fallacy: a flawed argument
- false: not true; erroneous; lying
- faux pas: a false step; a social gaffe
- infallible: incapable of being wrong or being deceived
FATU
: FOOLISH
- fatuity: foolishness; stupidity
- fatuous: foolish; stupid
- infatuated: swept up in a fit of passion, impairing one’s reason
FER
: TO BRING, TO CARRY, TO BEAR
- confer: to grant, bestow
- offer: to present for acceptance, refusal, or consideration
- proffer: to offer
- proliferate: to reproduce; produce rapidly
- referendum: to vote on political question open to the entire electorate
FERV
: TO BOIL TO BUBBLE
- effervescent: with the quality of giving off bubbles of gas
- fervid: ardent, intense
- fervor: passion, zeal
FI / FID
: FAITH, TRUST
- affidavit: written statement on oath
- confide: to entrust with a secret
- fidelity: faithfulness, loyalty
- fiduciary: of a trust; held or given in trust
- infidel: disbeliever in the supposed true religion
FIN
: END
- confine: to keep or restrict within certain limits; imprison
- definitive: decisive, unconditional, final
- final: at the end; coming last
- infinite: boundles; endless
- infinitesimal: infinitely or very small
FLAGR / FLAM
: TO BURN
- conflagration: a large, destructive fire
- flagrant: blatant, scandalous
- flambeau: a lighted torch
- inflame: to set on fire
**FLECT / FLEX **
**: TO FLOW **
- deflect: to bend or turn aside from a purpose
- flexible: able to blend without breaking
- genuflect: to bend knee, esp. in worship
- inflect: to change or vary pitch of
- reflect: to throw back
FORE
: BEFORE
- foreshadow: be warning or indication of (future event)
- foresight: care or provision for future
- forestall: to prevent to advance action
- forthright: straightforward, outspoken, decisive
FORT
: CHANCE
- fortuitous: happening by luck
- fortunate: lucky, auspicious
- fortune: chance or luck in human affairs
FORT
**: STRENGTH **
- forte: strong point; something a person does well
- fortify: to provide with fortifications; strengthen
- fortissimo: very loud
FRA / FRAC / FRAG / FRING
: TO BREAK
- fractious: irritable, peevish
- fracture: breakage, esp. of a bone
- fragment: a part broken off
- infringe: to break or violate (a law, etc.)
- refractory: stubborn, unmanageable, rebellious
FUG
: TO FLEE, TO FLY
- centrifugal: flying off from the center
- fugitive: on the run; someone who flees
- fugue: a musical composition in which subsequent parts imitate or pursue the first part; a psychological state in which one flies from one’s own identity
- refuge: a haven for those fleeing
- refugee: a fleeing person who seeks refuge
- subterfuge: a deception used to avoid a confrontation
FULG
: TO SHINE
- effulgent: shining forth
- refulgent: radiant; shining
FUM
: SMOKE
- fume: smoke; scented vapor; to emit smoke or vapors
- fumigate: to treat with smoke or vapors
- perfume: scents, from burning incense or other sources of fragrance
FUS
: TO POUR
- diffuse: to spread widely or thinly
- fusillade: continuous discharge of firearm or outburst of cirticism
- infusion: the act of permeating or steeping; liquid extract so obtained
- profuse: lavish, extravagant, copious
- suffuse: to spread throughout or over from within
GEN
: BIRTH, CREATION, RACE, KIND
- carcinogenic: producing cancer
- congenital: existing or as such from birth
- gender: classification roughly corresponding to the two sexes and sexlessness
- generous: giving or given freely
- genertics: study of heredity and variation among animals and plants
- progeny: offspring, descendants
GN / GNO
: TO KNOW
- agnostic: one who believes that existence of God is not provable
- diagnose: to identify disease or fault from symptons
- ignoramus: a person lacking knowledge, uniformed
- ignore: to refuse to take notice of
- prognosis: to forecast, especially of disease
GRAD / GRESS
: TO STEP
- aggresive: given to hostile act or feeling
- degrade: to humiliate, dishonor, reduce to lower rank
- digress: to depart from main subject
- egress: going out; way out
- progress: forward movement
- regress: to move backward, revert to an earlier state
GRAM / GRAPH
: TO WRITE, TO DRAW
- diagram: a figure made by drawing lines; an illustration
- epigram: a short poem; a pointed statement
- grammar: a system of language and its rules
- graph: a diagram used to convey mathmatical information
- photograph: a picture, originally made by exposing chemically treated film to light
GRAT
: PLEASING
- gracious: kindly, esp. to inferiors; merciful
- grateful: thankful
- gratuity: money given for good service
- ingratiate: to bring oneself into favor
GREG
: FLOCK
- aggregate: a number of things considered as a collective whole
- congregate: to come together in a group
- egregious: remarkably bad; standing out from the crowd
- gregarious: sociable; enjoying spending time with others
- segregate: to separate fromthe crowd
HAP
: BY CHANCE
- haphazard: at random
- hapless: without luck
- happen: occur (originally: to occur by chance)
- happily: through good fortune
- happy: pleased, as by good fortune
- mishap: an unlucky acciddent
- perhaps: a qualifier suggesting something might (or might not) take place
HEMI
: HALF
- hemisphere: half a sphere; half of the Earth
- hemistich: half a line of poetry
HER / HES
: TO STICK
- adherent: able to adhere; believer or advocate of a particular thing
- adhesive: tending to remain in memory; sticky; an adhesive substance
- coherent: logically consistent; having waves in phase and of one wavelength
- inherent: involved in the constitution or essential character of something
(H)ETERO
: DIFFERENT, OTHER
- heterodox: different from acknowledged standard; holding unorthodox opinions or doctrines
- heterogeneous: of other origin; not originating in the body
- heterosexual: of or pertaining to sexual orientation toward members of the opposite sex; relating to different sexes
HOL
: WHOLE
- catholic: universal
- holocaust: a burnt offering; complete destruction by fire or other means
- hologram: a sort of three-dimensional image
- holograph: a document written entirely by the person whose name it’s in
- holistic: considering something as a unified whole
(H)OM
: SAME
- anomaly: deviation from the common rule
- homeostasis: a relatively stable state of equilibrium
- homogeneous: of the same or similar kind of nature; of uniform structure of composition throughout
- homonym: one of two or more words spelled and pronounced alike but different in meaning
- homosexual: of, relating to, or exhibiting sexual desire toward a member of one’s own sex
HUM
: EARTH
- exhume: unearth
- humble: down-to-earth
- humility: the state of being humble
HYPER
: OVER, EXCESSIVE
- hyperactive: excessively active
- hyperbole: purposeful exaggeration for effect
- hyperglycemia: an abnormally high concentration of sugar in the blood
HYPO
: UNDER, BENEATH, LESS THAN
- hypochodriac: one affected by extreme depression of mind or spirits, often centered on imaginary physical ailments
- hypocritical: pretending to have beliefs one does not
- hypodermic: relating to the parts beneath the skin
- hypothesis: assumption subject to proof
ICON
: IMAGE, IDOL
- icon: a symbolic pictiure; a statue; something seen as representative of a culture or movement
- iconic: being representative of a culture or movment
- iconoclast: one who attacks established beliefs; one who tears down images
- iconology: symbolism
IDIO
: ONE’S OWN
- idiom: a language, dialect, or style of speaking particular to a people
- idosyncrasy: perculiarity of temperament; eccentricity
- idiot: an utterly stupid person
IN / IM
: NOT, WITHOUT
- (often the M is dropped and the first letter to which i is prefixed is doubled.)
- immoral: not moral; evil
- impartial: not partial or biased; just
- inactive: not active
- indigent: deficient in what is required
- indolence: showing a disposition to avoid exertion; slothful
- innocuous: not harmful or injurious
IN / IM
: IN, INTO
- (often the M is dropped and the first letter to which i is prefixed is doubled.)
- implicit: not expressly stated; implied
- incarnate: a given a bodily, esp. a human, form
- indigenous: native; innate, natural
- influx: the act of flowing in; inflow
- intrisic: belonging to a thing by its very nature
INTER
: BETWEEN, AMONG
- interim: a temporary or provisional arrangement; meantime
- interloper: one who intrudes in the domain of others
- intermittent: stopping or ceasing for a time
- intersperse: to scatter here and there
- interstate: connecting or jointly involving states
INTRA
: INSIDE, WITHIN
- intramural: within a school; inside a city
- intrastate: within a state
- intravenous: inside the veins
IT / ITER
: WAY, JOURNEY
- ambition: strong desire to achieve (from “going around” for votes)
- circuit: a lline around an area; a racecourse; the path traveled by eletrical current
- itinerant: traveling
- itinerary: travel plans
- reiterate: to repeat
- transit: traveling; means of transportation
JECT
: TO THROW, TO THROW DOWN
- abject: utterly hopeless, humiliating, or wretched
- conjecture: formation of opinion on incomplete information
- dejected: sad; depressed
- eject: to throw out; expel
- inject: to place (quality, etc.) where needed in something
JOC
: JOKE
- jocose: given to joking; playful
- jocular: in a joking manner; funny
- jocund: merry; cheerful
- joke: a witticism; a humorous ancedote; something funny
JOIN / JUG / JUNCT
: TO MEET, TO JOIN
- adjoin: to be next to and joined with
- conjugal: related to marriage
- conjunction: joining; occuring together; a connecting word
- injunction: a command; an act of joining; combining; a place where multiple paths join
- junta: a group of military officers who join together to run a country; a council
- rejoinder: to reply, retort
- subjugate: to make subservient; to place under a yoke
JOUR
: DAY
- adjourn: to close a meeting; to put off further proceeding for another day
- journal: a record of one’s day
- journey: a trip (originally: a day’s travel)
JUD
: TO JUDGE
- adjudicate: to act as judge
- judiciary: a system of courts; members of a court system
- judicious: having good judgment
- prejudice: a previous or premature judgment; bias
JUR
: LAW, TO SWEAR
- abjure: to renounce on oath
- adjure: to beg or command
- jurisprudence: a system of law; knowledge of law
- perjury: willful lying while on oath
JUV
: YOUNG
- juvenile: young; immature
- juvenilia: writing or art produced in one’s youth
- rejuvenate: refresh; to make young again
LANG / LING
: TONGUE
- bilingual: speaking two languages
- language: a system of (usually spoken) communication
- linguistic: the study of language
LAUD
: PRAISE, HONOR
- cum laude: with honor
- laudable: praiseworthy
- laudatory: expressing praise
LAV / LAU / LU
: TO WASH
- ablution: act of cleaning
- antediluvian: before the biblical flood; extremely old
- deluge: a great flood of water
- dilute: to make thinner or weaker by the addition of water
- laundry: items to be, or that have been, washed
- lavatory: a room with equipment for washing hands and face
LAX / LEAS / LES
: LOOSE
- lax: loose; undisciplined
- laxative: medicine or food that loosens the bowels
- lease: to rent out (that is, to let something loose for other’s use)
- leash: a cord used to hold an animal while giving it some freedom to run loose
- relax: loosen; to less strict; clam down
- release: let go; set free
**LEC / LEG / LEX **
: TO READ, TO SPEAK
- dialect: a manner of speaking; a regional variety of a language
- lectern: a reading desk
- lecture: an instrucional speech
- legend: a story; a written explanation of a map or illustration
- legible: readble
- lesson: instruction ( originally: part of a book or oral instruction to be studied and repeated to a teacher )
- lexicographer: a writer of dictionaries
- lexicon: dictionary
LECT / LEG
: TO SELECT, TO CHOOSE
- collect: to gather together or assemble
- ecletic: selecting ideas, etc. from various sources
- elect: to choose; to to decide
- predilection: preference, liking
- select: to choose with care
LEV
: TO LIFT, TO RISE, LIGHT (WEIGHT)
- alleviate: to make easier to endure, lessen
- levee: embankment against river flooding
- leviate: to rise in the air or cause to rise
- levity: humor, frivolity, gaiety
- relevant: bearing on or pertinent to information at hand
- relieve: to mitigate; to free from a burden
LI / LIG
: TO TIE, TO BIND
- ally: to unite: one in an alliance
- league: an association; a group of nations, teams etc. that have agreed to work for a common cause
- liable: legally responsible; bound by law
- liaison: a connection; one who serves to connect
- lien: the right to hold a property due to an outstanding debt
- ligament: a band holding bones together; a bond
- ligature: a connection between two letters; a bond
- oblige: to obligate; to make indebted or form personal bonds by doing favor
- rely: to depend upon ( orginally: to come together; to rally
LIBER
: FREE
- deliver: to set free; to save; to hand over
- liberal: generous; giving away freely
- liberality: generosity
- liberate: set free
- libertine: one who follows one’s own path, without regard for morals or other restrictions
- liberty: freedom
- livery: a uniform; an emblem indicating an owner of manufacturer ( originally: an allowance of food or other provisions given to servants )
LITH
: STONE
- **acrolith: **a statue with a stone head and limbs (but a wooden body)
- lithography: a printing process that originally involved writing on a flat stone
- lithology: the study of rocks and stones
- lithotomy: an operation to remove stones from the body
- megalith: a very big stone
- monolith: a single block of stone, often shaped into a monument
LOC / LOG / LOQU
: WORD, SPEECH, THOUGHT
- colloquial: of ordinary or familiar conversation
- dialogue: conversation, esp. in a literary work
- elocution: art of clear and expressive speaking
- eulogy: speech or writing in praise of someone
- grandiloquent: pompous or inflated in language
- loquacious: talkative
- prologue: introduce to poem, play, etc.
LUC / LUM / LUS
: LIGHT (BRIGHTNESS)
- illuminate: to supply or brigthen with light
- illustrate: to make intelligible with example or analogies
- illustrious: highly distinguished
- lackluster: lacking brilliance or radiance
- lucid: easily understood, intelligible
- luminous: bright, brilliant, glowing
- translucent: permitting light to pass through
LUD / LUS
: TO PLAY
- allude: to refer casually or indirectly
- delude: to mislead the mind or judgment of, deceive
- elude: to avoid capture or escape or escape defection by
- illustion: something that deceives by producing a false impression of reality
- ludicrous: ridiculous, laughable
- prelude: a preliminary to an action, event, etc.
MACRO
: GREAT, LONG
- macro: broad; large; a single computer command that executed a longer set of commands
- macrobiotics: a system intended to prolong life
- macrocephalous: having a large head
- macrocosm: the universe; a large system that is reflected in at least one of its subsets
- macroscopic: large enough to be visible to the naked eye
MAG / MAJ / MAX
: BIG, GREAT
- magnanimous: generous in forgiving an insult or injury
- magnate: a powerful or influential person
- magnify: to increase the apparent size of
- magitude: greatness of size, extent, or dimensions
- maxim: an expression of general truth or principle
- maximum: the highest amount, value, or degree attained
MAL / MALE
: BAD, ILL, EVIL, WRONG
- maladroit: clumsy, tactless
- malady: a disorder or disease of the body
- malapropism: humorous miuse of a word
- malediction: a curse
- malfeasance: misconduct or wrongdoing often committed by a public official
- malfunction: failure to function properlu
- malicious; full of or showing malice
- maligh: to speak harmful untruths about, to slander
MAN / MANU
: HAND
- emancipate: to free from bondage
- manifest: readily perceived by the eye or the understanding
- manual: operated by hand
- manufacture: to make by hand or machinery
MAND / MEND
: TO COMMAND, TO ORDER, TO ENTRUST
- command: to order; an order; control
- commend: to give something over to the care of anoter; to praise
- countermand: to retract an order
- demand: to strongly ask for; to claim; to require
- mandatory; commanded; required
- recommend; to praise and suggest the use of; to advise
- remand: to send back
MEDI
: MIDDLE
- immediate: nearest; having nothing in between
- intermediate: in the middle
- mean: average; in the middle
- mediate: to serve as a go-between; to try to settle an argument
- medieval: related to the Middle Ages
- mediocre: neither good nor bad; so-so
- medium: size between small and large; a substance or agency that things travel through (as, for example, light travels through airm and news is conveyed by television and newspapers)
MEGA
: LARGE, GREAT
- **megalith: **a very big stone
- megalomania: a mental condition involving delusion of greatness; an obsession with doing great things
- megalopolis: a very large city
- megaphone: a device for magnifying the sound of one’s voice
- megaton: explosive power equal to 1,000 tons of T.N.T
MICRO
: VERY SMALL
- microbe: a very small organism
- microcosm: a small system that reflects a larger whole
- micron: a millionth of a metwr
- microorganism: a very small organism
- microscope: a device that magnifies very small things for viewing
MIN
**: SMALL **
- diminish: to lessen
- diminution: the act or process of diminishing
- miniature: a copy or model that represents something in greatly reduced size
- minute: a unit of time equal to one-sixtieth of an hour
- minutiae: small or trivial details
MIN
: TO PROJECT, TO HANG OVER
- eminent: towering above other: projecting
- imminent: about to occur; impending
- preeminent: superior to notable above all others
- prominent: projecting outward
MIS
: BAD, WRONG, TO HATE
- misadventure: bad luck; an unlucky accident
- misanthrope: one who hates people or humanity
- missapply: to use something incorrectly
- mischance: bad luck; an unlucky accident
- mischief; bad or annoying behavior
- misconstrue: to take something in a way that was not intended; to understand something incorrectly
- misfit: somebody or something that does not fit in
MIS / MIT
: TO SEND
- emissary: a message or agent sent to represent the interests of another
- intermittent: stopping and starting at intervals
- remission: a lessening of intensity of degree
- remit: to send money
- transmit: to send from one person, thing, or place to another
MISC
: MIXED
- miscellaneous: made up of a variety of parts or ingredients
- promiscuous: consisting of diverse and unrelated parts or individuals; indiscriminate
MOB / MOM / MOT / MOV
: TO MOVE
- **automobile: **a vehecle that moves under its own power; a motorized car
- demote: to move downward in an organization
- immovable: incapable of being moved; unyielding
- locomotion: moving from place to place; the ability to do so
- mob: the rabble; a disorderly group of people ( from the Latin mobile vulgus, meaning “the fickle crowd”)
- mobile: movable
- mobilize: to make ready for movment; to assemble
- moment: an instant; importance
- momentous: of great importance (originally: having the power to move)
- momentum: the force driving a moving object to keep moving; a growing force
- motion: movement
- motive: a reason for action; what moves a person to do something
- motor: a device that makes something move
- mutiny: rebellion against authority, esp. by sailors
- promote: to move to a higher rank in an organization
- remove: to take away; to move away
MOLL
: SOFT
- emollient: something that softens or soothes (e.g., a lotion)
- mild: gentle; kind
- mollify: soothe; soften; calm
- mollusk: a phylum of invertebrate animals - including octopuses, squids, oysters, clams, and slugs -with soft bodies
MON / MONO
: ONE
- monarchy: rule by a single person
- monk: a man in a religious order living apart from society (originally: a religious hermit)
- monochord: a musical instrument with a single string
- monogram: a design combining multiple letters into one
- monograph: a scholarly study of a single subject
- monologue: a speech or other dramatic composition recited by one person
- monomania: an obsession with a single subject
- monotonous: boring; spoken using only one tone
MON / MONIT
: TO REMIND, TO WARN
- admonish: to counsel against something; caution
- monitor: one that admonishes, cautions, or reminds
- monument: a structure, such as a building, tower, or sculpture, erected as a memorial
- premonition: forewarning, presentment
- remonstrate: to say or plead in protect, objection, or reproof
- summon: to call together; convene
MOR / MORT
: DEATH
- immortal: not subject to death
- morbid: susceptible to preoccupation with unwholesome matters
- moribund: dying, decaying
MORPH
: SHAPE
- **amorphous: **without definite form; lacking a specific shape
- anthropomorphism: attributionof human characteristic to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena
- metamorphosis: a transformation, as by magic or sorcery
MULT
: MANY
- multiple: many, having parts; a number containing some quantity of a small number without remainder
- multiplex: having many parts; a movie theater or other building with many separate unite
- multiply: to increase; to become many
- multiudinous: very many; containing very many; having very many forms
MUT
: TO CHANGE
- commute: to substitute; exchange; interchange
- immutable: unchangable, invariable
- mutation: the process of being changed
- permutation: a complete change; transformation
- transmute: to change from one form into another
NAT / NAS / NAI / GNA
: BIRTH
- cognate: related by blood; having a common ancestor
- naive: lacking worldiness and sophistication; artless
- nascent: starting to develop
- native: belonging to one by nature; inborn; innate
- natural: present due to nature, not artificial or man-made means
- renaissnace: rebirth,esp. referring to culture
NAU / NAV
: SHIP, SAILOR
- astronaut: one who travels in outer space
- circumnavigate: to sail all the way around
- cosmonaut: one who travels in outer space
- nauseous: causing a squeamish feeling (originally: seasickness)
- nautical: related to sailing or sailors
- naval: related to the navy
- nave: the central portion of a church (which resembles the shape of a ship)
- navy: a military force consisting of ships and sailors
NIHIL
: NOTHING, NONE
- annilate: wipe out; reduce to nothing
- nihilism: denial of all moral beliefs; denial that existance has any meaning
NOC / NOX
: HARM
- innocent: uncorrupted by evil, malice, or wrongdoing
- innocuous: not harmful or injurious
- noxious: injurious or harmful to health or morals
- obnoxious: highly disagreeable or offensive
NOCT / NOX
: NIGHT
- equinox: one of two times in a year when day and night are equal in length
- noctambulant: walkingat night; sleepwalking
- nocturnal: related to the night; active at night
- noctune: a dreamlike piece of music; a painting set at night
NOM
: RULE, ORDER
- astronomy: the scientific study of the universe beyond the Earth
- autonomy: independence, self-governance
- economy: the careful of thrifty use of resources, as of income, materials, or labor
- gastronomy: the art or science of good eating
- taxonomy: the science, laws, or principles of classification
NOM / NYM / NOUN / NOWN
: NAME
- acronym: a word formed from the initial letters of a name
- annoymous: having an unknown or unacknowledged name
- nomenclature: a system of name; systematic naming
- nominal: existing in name only; negligible
- nominate: to propse by name as a candidate
- noun: a word that names a person, place, or thing
- renown: fame; reputation
-
synonym: a word having a meaning similar to that of another word of the same language
*
NON
: NOT
- nonconformist: one who does not conform to a church or other societal insitution
- nonentity: something that does not exist; something that is unimportant
- nonpareil: something with no equal
- nonpartisan: not affiliated with a political party
NOV / NEO / NOU
: NEW
- innovate: to begin or introduce something new
- neologism: a newly coined word; phrase, or expression
- neophyte: a beginner; a new convert; a new worker
- neoplasm: a new growth in the body; a tumor
- nouveau riche: one who had lately become rich
- novice: a person new to any field or activity
- renovate: to restore to an earlier condition
NULL
: NOTHING
- annul: to cancel; to make into nothing
- nullify: to cancel; to make into nothing
- nullity: the condition of being nothing
OB
: TOWARD, TO, AGAINST, OVER
- obses: extremely fat; corpulent
- obfuscate: to render indistinct or dim; darken
- oblique: having a slanting or sloping direction
- obsequious: overly submissive
- obstinate: stubbornly adhering to an idea, inflexible
- obtuse: not sharp, pointed, acute in any form
OMNI
: ALL
- omnibus: an anthology of the works of one author or of writings on related subjects
- omnipotent: all powerful
- omnipresent: everywhere at one time
- omniscient: having infinite knowledge
ONER
: BURDEN
- **exonerate: **to free from blame (orginally: to relieve of a burden)
- onerous: burdensome; difficult
- onus: a burden; a responsibility
OSS / OSTE
: BONE
- ossify: to become; to harden; to become callous
- ossuary: a place where bones are kept; a charnel house
- osteopathy: a medical system based on the belief that many illness can be traced to issues in the skeletal system
PAC / PEAC
: PEACE
- appease: to bring peace to
- pacifier: something or someone that eases the anger or agitation of
- pacify: to ease the anger or agitation of
- pact: a formal agreement, as between nations
PALP
: TO FEEL
- palpable: capable of being felt; tangible
- palpate: to feel; to examine by feeling
- palpitate: to beat quickly as the heart; to throb
PAN / PANT
: ALL, EVERYONE
- pandemic: widespreadm general, universal
- penegyric: formal or elaborate praise at an assembly
- panoply: a wide-ranging and impressive array or display
- panorama: an unobstruced and wide view of an extensive area
- pantheon: a public building containing tombs or memorials of the illustratious dead of a nation
PAR
: EQUAL
- **apartheid: ** any system or caste that separates
- disparage: to belittle, speak disrespectfully about
- disparate: essentially different
- par: an equality in value or standing
- parity: equally, as in amount, status, or character
PARA
: NEXT TO, BESIDE
- parable: a short, allegorical story designed to illustrate a moral lesson or religious principle
- paragon: a model of excellence
- parallel: extending in the same direction
- paranoid: suffering from a baseless distrust of others
- parasite: an organism that lives on or within a plant or animal of another species, from which it obtains nutrients
- parody: to imitate for purposes of satire
PAS / PAT / PATH
: FEELING, SUFFERING, DISEASE
- compassion: a feeling of deep sympathy for someone struck by misfortune, accompanied by a desire to alleviate suffering
- dispassionate: devoid of personal feeling or bias
- empathy: the identification with the feelings or thoughts of others
- impassive: showing or feeling no emotion
- pathogenic: causing disease
- sociopath: a person whose behavior is antisocial and who lacks a sense of moral responsibility
- sympathy: harmony ro agreement in feeling
PAU / PO / POV / PU
: FEW, LITTLE, POOR
- impoverish: to deplete
- paucity: smallness of quantity; scarcity; scantiness
- pauper: a person without any personal means of support
- poverty: the condition of being poor
- puerille: childish, immature
- pusillanimous: lacking courage or resolution
PEC
: MONEY
- **impecunious: **having no money; penniless
- peculation: embezzlement
- pecuniary: relating to money
PED
: CHILD, EDUCATION
- encyclopedia: book or set of book containing article on various topics, covering all branches of knowledge or of one particular subject
- pedagogue: a teacher
- pedant: one who displays learning ostentatiously
- pediatrician: a doctor who primarily has children as patients
PED / POD
: FOOT
- antipodes: a places that are diametrically opposite each other on the globe
- expedite: to speed up the progress of
- impede: to retard progress by means of obstacles or hindrances
- pedals: a foot-operated lever or part used to control
- pedestrian: a person who travels on foot
- podium: a small platform for an orchestra conductor, speaker, etc.
PEL
: TO DRIVE, TO PUSH
- compel: to force; to command
- dispel: to drive away; to disperse
- expel: to drive out; to banish; to eject
- impel: to force; to drive forward
- propel: to drive forward
PUN
: TO PAY, TO COMPENSATE
- **penal: **of or pertaining to punishment, as for crimes
- penalty: a punishment imposed for a violation of law or rule
- penance: a punishment undergone to express regret for a sin
- penitent: contrite
- punitive: serving for, concerned with, or inflicting punishment
PEN / PENE
: ALMOST
- peninsula: a landmass that is mostly surrounded by water, making it almost an island
- penultimate: second-to-last
- penumbra: a shaded area between pure shadow and pure light
PEND / PENS
: TO HANG, TO WEIGHT, TO PAY
- appendage: a limb or other subsidiary part that diverge from the central structure
- appendix: supplementary material at the end of a text
- compensate: to counterbalance, offset
- depend: to rely; to place trust in
- indispensable: absolutely necessary, essential, or requisite
- stipend: a periodic payment; fixed or regular pay
PER
: COMPLETELY
- perforate: to make a way through or into something
- perfunctory: performed merely as routine duty
- perplex: to cause to be puzzled or bewildered over what is not understood
- persistent: lasting or enduring tenaciously
- perspicacious: shrewed, astute
- pertinacious: resolute, persistent
- persue: to read with thoroughness or care
PERI
: AROUND
- perimeter: the border or outer boundary of two-dimensional figure
- peripatetic: walking or traveling about; itinerant
- periscope: an optical instrument for seeing objects in an obstructed field of vision
**PET / PIT **
: TO GO, TO SEEK, TO STRIVE
- appetite: a desire for food or drink
- centripetal: moving toward the center
- compete: to strive to outdo another
- impetuous: characterized by sudden or rash action or emotion
- petition: a formally a drawn request soliciting some benefit
- petulant: showing sudden irritation, esp. over some annoyance
PHIL
: LOVE
- bibliophile: one who loves or collects books
- philatelist: one who loves or collects postage stampes
- philology: the study of literary texts to establish their authenticity and determine their meaning
- philosophy: the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge, or conduct
PHOB
: FEAR
- claustrophobia: fear of enclosed places
- hydrophobia: fear of water, which is a symptom of rabies; rabies
- phobia: fear; an irrational fear
- xenophobia: fear of foreigners; hatred of foreigners
PHON
: SOUND
- euphony: the quality of sounding good
- megaphone: a device for magnifying the sound of one’s voice
- phonetics: the study of the sounds used in speech
- polyphony: the use of the simulateous melodic lines to produce harmonies in musical compositions
- telephone: a device for transmitting sound at a distance
PHOTO
: LIGHT
- photograph: a picture, originally made by exposing chemically treated film to light
- photon: a packet of light or other electromagnetic radiation
- photosynthesis: the process by which plants create carbohydrate when under light
PLAC
: TO PLEASE
- complacent: self-satisfied, unconcerned
- complaisant: inclined or disposed to please
- implacable: unable to be pleased
- placebo: a substance with no pharmacological effect that acts to placate a patient who believes it to be a medicine
- placid: pleasantly clam or peaceful
PLE / PLEN
: TO FILL, FULL
- complete: having all parts or elements
- deplete: to decrease seriously or exhaust the supply of
- implement: an instrument, tool, or utensil for accomplishing work
- plethora: excess, overabundance
- plenitude: fullness
- replete: abundantly supplied
- supplement: something added to supply a deficiency
PLEX / PLIC / PLY
: TO FOLD, TWIST, TANGLE, OR BEND
- complex: composed of many interconnected parts
- duplicity: deceitfulness in speech or conduct, double-dealing
- implicate: to show to be involved, usually in an incriminating manner
- replica: any close copy or reproduction
- supplicate: to make humble and earnest entreaty
POLY
: MANY
- **polyandry: ** the practice of having multiple husbands
- polygamy: the practice of having multiple wives
- polyglot: someone who speaks many languages
- polygon: a figure with many sides
- polythesim: belief in many gods
PON / POS / POUND
: TO PUT, TO PLACE
- component: a constituent part, elemental ingredient
- expose: to lay open to danger, attack, or harm
- expound: to set forth in detail
- juxtapose: to place close together or side by side
- repository: a receptacle or place where things are deposited
PORT
: TO CARRY
- deportment: conduct, behavior
- disport: to divert or amuse oneself
- export: to transmit aboard
- import: to bring in from a foreign country
- importune: to urge or press with excessive persistence
- portable: easily carried
POST
: BEHIND, AFTER
- post facto: after the fact
- posterior: situated at the rear
- posterity: future generations
- posthumous: after death
POT
: TO DRINK
- potable: drinkable; safe to drink; a drink
- potation: drinking; a drink
- potion: a drinkable medicine, poison, or other concoction
PRE
: BEFORE, IN FRONT OF
- precarious: dependent on circumstances beyond one’s control
- precedent: an act that serves as an example for subsequent situations
- precept: a commandment given as a rule of action or conduct
- precocious: unusually advanced ro mature in mental development or talent
- premonition: a feeling of anticipation over a future event
- presentiment: foreboding
PREHEND / PRISE
: TO TAKE, TO GET, TO SEIZE
- apprehend: to take into custody
- comprise: to include or contain
- enterprise: a project undertaken
- reprehensible: deserving rebuke or censure
- reprisals: retaliation against an enemy
- surprise: to strike with an unexpected feeling of wonder or astonishment
PRI / PRIM
: FIRST
- primary: first; most important
- primal: original; most important
- prime: first in quality; best
- primeval: ancient; going back to the first age of the world
- pristine: original; like new; unspoiled; pure
PRO
: IN FRONT, BEFORE, MUCH, FOR
- problem: a difficult question (orginally: one put before another solution)
- proceed: to go forward
- profuse: spending or giving freely
- prolific: highly fruitful
- propound: to set forth for consideration
- proselytize: to convert or attempt to recruit
- provident: having or showing foresight
PROB
: TO PROVE, TO TEST
- approbation: praise, consideration
- opprobrium: the disgrace incurred by shamful conduct
- probe: to search or examine thoroughly
- probity: honesty: high-mindedness
- reprobate: a depraved or wicked person
PROP / PROX
: NEAR
- approximate: very near; close to being accurate
- proximate: nearby; coming just before or just after
- proximity: nearness; distance
PROT / PROTO
: FIRST
- protagonist: the main character in a play or story
- protocol: diplomatic etiqutte; a system of proper conduct; the original record of a treaty ot other negotiation
- prototype: the first version of an invention, on which later models are based
- protozoan: belonging to a group of single-celled animals, which came before more complex animals
PSEUD / PSEUDO
: FALSE
- pseudonym: a false name; a pen name
- pseudopod: part of a single-celled organism that can be stuck out (like a foot) and used to move around
- pseudoscience: false science; something believed to be based on the scientific method but that actually is not
PUG
: TO FIGHT
- impugn: to challenge as false
- pugilist: a fighter or boxer
- pugnacious: to quarrel or fight readily
- repungnant: objectionable or offensive
PUNC / PUNG / POIGN
: TO POINT, TO PRICK, TO PIERCE
- compunction: a feeling of uneasiness for doing wrong
- expunge: to erase, eliminate completely
- point: a sharp or tapering end
- punctilious: strict or exact in the observance of formalities
- puncture: the act of piercing
- pungent: caustic or sharply expensive
PYR
: FIRE
- pyre: a bonfire, usually for burning a dead body
- pyromania: an urge to start fires
- pyrosis: heartburn
- pyrotechnics: fireworks
QUE / QUAR / QUAT
: FOUR
- quadrant: a quarter of a circle; a 90-degree arc
- quadrille: a square dance involving four couples
- quadruple: four times as many
- quardruplets; four children born in one birth
- quart: one fourth of a gallon
- quaternary: the number four; the fourth in a series
QUE / QUIS
: TO SEEK
- acquire: to come into possession of
- conquest: the act gaining control by force
- exquisite: of special beauty or charm
- inquisitive: given to research, eager for knowledge
- perquiste: a gratuity, tip
- querulous: full of complaints
- query: a question, inquiry
QUIE / QUIT
: QUIET, REST
- acquiesce: to comply, give in
- disquiet: lack of calm or peace
- quiescence: the condition of being at rest, still, inactive
- quiet: making little or no sound
- tranquill: free from commotion or tumult
QUIN / QUINT
: FIVE
- quinquennial: a five-year period; a fifth anniversary
- quintessence: the essential part of something (originally: the “fifth essence,” which was believed to permeate everything and be what stars and planets were made of )
- quintuple: five times as many
RACI / RADI
: ROOT
- deracinate: to uproot
- eradicate: to uproot; to wipout
- radical: pertaining to roots; questioning everything, even basic belief; going to root causes; through
- radish: a root vegetable
RAMI
: BRANCH
- ramification: a branch; an offshoot; a collection of branches; a consequence
- ramiform: branchlike
RE
: BACK, AGIAN
- recline: to lean back; to lie down
- regain: to gain again; to take back
- remain: to stay behind; to be left; to continue to be
- reorganize: to organize again
- request: to ask (originally: to seek again)
RECT
: STRAIGHT, RIGHT
- correct: to set right
- direct: to guide; to put straight
- erect: upright; starting up straight
- rectangle: a four-sided figure in which every angle is a right angle
- rectitude: moral uprightness; moral straightness
REG
: KING, RULE
- interregnum: a period between kings
- realm: a kingdom; a domain
- regal: kingly; royal
- regent: one who serves on behalf of a king; one who rules
- regicide: killing a king; one who kills a king
- regiment: a body of troops in army; to form into such a body; to subject to strict rule
- regular: having a structure following some rule; orderly; normally used; average
RETRO
: BACKWARD
- retroactive: extending to things that happened in the past
- retrofit: to install newer parts into an older device or structure
- retrograde: moving backward; appearing to move backward
- retrospective: looking back at the past
RID / RIS
: TO LAUGH
- derision: the act of mockery
- risible: causing laughter
ROG
: TO ASK
- abrogate: to abolish by formal means
- arrogant: making claims to superior importance or rights
- arrogate: to claim unwarrantably or presumptuously
- derogatory: belittling, disparaging
- interrogate: to ask questions of, esp. formally
- surrogate: a person appointed to act for another
RUB / RUD
: RED
- rouge: a red powder used as makeup
- rubella: German measles; a diease marked by red spots
- rubicund: reddish; rosy-cheeked
- rubric: a rule; a guide for scoring tests; a heading in a book set in red letters
- russet: reddish-brown; a coarse cloth, usually reddish-brown; a type of apple or pear, typically reddish-brown
RUD
: CRUDE
- erudite: scholarly; learned (that is, trained out of crudeness)
- rude: uncivilized; impolite
- rudimentary: underdeveloped; related to rudiments
- rudiments: first principles; imperfect first step fo one’s training
SACR / SANCT
: HOLY
- execrable: abominable
- sacrament: something regarded as possessing sacred character
- sacred: devoted or dedicated to a deity or religious purpose
- sacrifice: the offering of some living or inanimate thing to a deity in homage
- sacrilege: the violation of anything sacred
- sanctify: to make holy
- sanction: authoritative permission or approval
SAG / SAP / SAV
: TASTE, THINKING, DISCERNING
- insipid: tasteless
- sagacious: perceptive; discerning; insightful
- sage: wise
- sapient: wise
- savant: a learned person
- savor: taste; to enjoy flavors
SAL / SIL / SAULT / SULT
: TO LEAP, TO JUMP
- assault: a sudden or violent attack
- desultory: at random, ummethodical
- exult: to show or feel triumphant joy
- insolent: boldly rude or disrespectful
- insult: to treat with contemptuous rudeness
- resilient: able to spring back to an original from after compression
- salient: prominent or conspicuous
- somerault: to roll the body end over end, making a complete revolution
SAL
: SALT
- salary: payment for services (originally: money for Roman soldiers to buy salt)
- saline: containing salt; salty
SALU
: HEALTH
- salubrious: healthful
- salutary: healthful
- salute: to greet; a gesture of greeting (originally: to wish good health)
SALV
: TO SAVE
- salvage: to save; something saved or recovered
- salvation: being saved
- savior: one who saves
SAN
: HEALTHY
- sane: mentally healthy
- sanitarium: a place of healing
- sanitary: promoting health; related to conditions that affect health, such as cleanliness
SANG
: BLOOD
- consanguinity: being related by blood
- sanguinary: bloody; bloodthirsty
- sanguine: hopful; confident ( from the “sanguine humor.” which was believed to be associated with those traits)
SAT
: ENOUGH
- assets: property; possesions (originally: enough property to cover one’s debts)
- dissatisfied: feeling that one does not have enough
- state: to fill
- satify: to meet one’s desires; to meet an obligation; to provide with enough
- saturate: to fill completely; to entirely satisfy
SCI
: TO KNOW
- conscience: the inner sense of what is right or wrong; impelling one toward right action
- conscious: aware of one’s own existence
- omniscient: knowing everything
- prescient: having knowledge of thing before they happen
- unconscionable: unscupuslous
SCRIBE / SCRIPT
: TO WRITE
- ascribe: to credit or assign, as to a cause or course
- circumscribe: to draw a line around
- conscription: draft
- describe: to tell or depict in words
- postcript: any addition or supplement
- proscribe: to condemn as harmful or odious
- scribble: to write hastily or carelessly
- script: handwriting
- transcript: a written or typed copy
SE
: APART, AWAY
- secede: to withdraw formally from an association
- sedition: incitement of discontent or rebellion against a government
- seduce: to lead astray
- segregate: to separate or set apart from others
- select: to choose in preference to another
- separate: to keep apart; divide
- sequester: to remove or withdraw into solitude or retirement
SEC / SEQU / SUE / SUI
: TO FOLLOW
- non sequitur: an inference or a conclsion that does not follow from the premises
- obsequious: fawning
- prosecute: to seek to enforce by legal process
- pursue: to chase after
- second: next after the first
- sequence: the following of one thing after another
- suite: a series; a set (originally: a train of followesrs)
SED / SESS / SID
: TO SIT, TO SETTLE
- assiduous: diligent, persistent, hardworking (literally, “sitting down” to business)
- dissident: disagreeing, as in opinion or attitude (literally, “sitting apart”)
- insidious: intended to entrap or beguile; lying in wait to entrap
- preside: to exercise management or control; to sit in the leader’s chair
- resident: a person who lives in a place
- residual: remaining, leftover
- sediment: the matter at which settle to the bottom of liquid
- session: a meeting at which people sit together in dicussion
SEM
: SEED, TO SOW
- disseminate: to spread; to scatter around
- semen: seed ( of male animals)
- seminary: a school, esp. for religious training (originally: a place for raising plants)
SEMI
: HALF
- semicircle: half a circle
- semiconscious: only partly conscious; half awake
SEN
**: OLD **
- senate: the highest legislative body (from “ council of elders”)
- senescent: getting old
- senile: relating to old afe: experiencing memory loss or other age-related mental impairments
- sire: a title for a king; a father (originally: an important person, an old man)
SENS / SENT
: TO FEEL, TO BE AWARE
- dissent: to differ in opinion, esp. from the majority
- insensate: without feeling or sensitivity
- presentiment: a feeling that something is about to happen
- resent: to feel or show displeasure
- sense: any of the faculties by which humans and animals perceive stimuli originating outside the body
- sensory: of or pertaining to the senses or sensation
SIN / SINU
: BEND, FOLD, CURVE
- insinuate: to introduce in sneaky or winding ways
- sinuous: moving in a bending or wavy manner
- sinus: a curved or irregularly shaped cavity in the body, such as those related to the nostrils
SOL
: ALONE
- desolate: deserted; laid waste; left alone
- isolate: to set apart from others
- soliloquize: talk to oneself; talk onstage as if oneself
- solipism: the belief that the only thing that really exists, or can really be known, is oneself
- solitude: that state of being alone
SOL
: TO LOOSEN, TO FREE
- absolution: forgiveness for wrongdoing
- dissolute: indifferent to moral restraints
- dissolution: the act or process of dissolving into parts or elements
- dissolve: to make a solution of as by mixing in a liquid
- resolution: a formal expreesion of opinion or intention made
- soluble: capable of being dissolved or liquefied
SOL
: SUN
- parasol: an umbella that protects from the sun
- solar: related to the sun
- solarium: a sumroom; a room with windows for taking in the sun
- solistice: one of two days when the sun reaches its highest point at noon and seems to stand still
SOMN
: SLEEP
- insomnia: inability to sleep
- somnambulist: a sleepwalker
- somniferous: sleep-inducing
- somniloquist: one who talks while asleep
- somnolent: sleep-inducing; sleepy; drowsy
SOPH
: WISDOM
- philosopher: one who studies logic, beauty, truth, etc. one who seeks wisdom
- sophism: a superficially appealing but fallacious argument
- sophisticated: complex; worldly; experienced
SOURC / SURG / SURRECT
: TO RISE
- insurgent: rising up in revolution; rushing in
- insurrection: risingj up in armed rebellion
- resurrection: coming back to life; rising again
- source: where something comes from (such as spring water rising out of the ground)
- surge: to rise up forcefully, as ocean waves
SPEC / SPIC
: TO LOOK, TO SEE
- circumspect: watchful and discreet, cautious
- conspicuous: easily seen or noticed; readily observable
- persepctive: one’s mental view of facts, ideas, and their interrelationships
- perspicacious: having keen mental perception and understanding
- retrospective: contemplative of past situations
- specious: deceptively attractive
- spectrum: a broad range of related things that form a continuous series
- speculation: the contemplation or consideraton of some subject
SPIR
: BREATH
- aspire: to desire; to pant for (originally: to breath on)
- expire: to breath out; to breath one’s last; to come to an end
- spirit: the breath of life; the soul; an incorporeal supernatural being; an outlook; a lively quality
STA / STI
: TO STAND, TO BE IN PLACE
- apostasy: renunciation of an object of one’s previous loyalty
- constitute: to make up
- destitute: without means of subsistence
- obstinate: stubbornly adhering to a purpose, opinion, or course of action
- stasis: the state of equilibrium or inactivity caused by opposing equal forces
- static: of bodies or forces at rest or in equilibrium
STRICT / STRING / STRAN
: TO TIGHTEN, TO BIND
- astringent: causing to tighten
- constrain: to confine; to bind within certain limits
- restriction: a limitation
- strangle: to kill by suffocation, usally by tightening a cord or one’s hand around the throat
SUA
: SWEET, PLEASING, TO URGE
- **assuage: **to make less severe, ease, relieve
- dissuade: to deter; to advise against
- persuade: to encourage; to convince
- suave: smoothly agreeable or polite; sweet
SUB / SUP
: BELOW, UNDER
- subliminal: existing or operating below the threshold of confidence
- submissive: inclined or ready to submit
- subsidiary: serving to assist or supplement
- subterfuge: an artifice or expedient used to evade a rule
- subtle: thin, tenuous, or rarefied
- suppose: to put down as hypothesis; to use as the underlying basis of an argument; to assume
SUMM
: HIGHEST, TOTAL
- consummate: highly qualified; complete; perfect
- sum: total; amount of money
- summary: concise statement of the total findings on a subject; comprehensive
- summit: hightest point
SUPER / SUR
: OVER, ABOVE
- supercilious: arrogant, haughty, condescending
- superfluous: extra, more than necessary
- superlative: the highest kind or order
- supersede: to replace in power, as by another person or thing
- surmount: to get over or across, to prevail
- surpass: to go beyond in amount, extent, or degree
- surveillance: a watch kept over someone or something
SYM / SYN
: TOGETHER
- symbiosis: living together in a mutually beneficial relationship
- symmetry: balanced proportions; having opposite parts that mirror one another
- sympathy: affinity; feeling affected by what happens to another
- symposium: a meeting at which ideas are discussed ( originally: a party at which people drink together)
- synonym: a word that means the same thing as another
- synthesis: combining things to create a new whole
TAC / TIC
: TO BE SILENT
- reticent: disposed to be silent or not to speak freely
- tacit: unspoken understanding
- tacitum: uncommunicative
**TACT / TAG / TAM / TANG **
: TO TOUCH
- **contact: **to touch; to get in touch
- contagious: able to spread by contact, as disease
- contaminate: to corrupt, taint, or otherwise damage the integrity of something by contact or mixture
- contiguous: directly touching; sharing a boundary
- intact: untouched; whole
- intangible: unable to be tounched
- tactile: pertaining to tounch; tounchable
TAIN / TEN / TENT / TIN
: TO HOLD
- abstention: the act of refraning voluntarily
- detain: to keep from proceeding
- pertain: to have reference or relation
- pertinacious: persistent, stubborn
- sustenance: nourishment, means of livelihood
- tenable: capable of being held, maintained, or defended
- tenacious: holding fast
- tenure: the holding or possessing of anything
TEND / TENS / TENT / TENU
: TO STRETCH , TO THIN
- attenuate: to weaken or reduce in force
- contentious: quarrelsome, disagreeable, belligerent
- distend: to expand by strecting
- extenuating: making less serious by offering excuses
- tendentious: having a predisposition toward a point of view
- tension: the act of stretching or straining
- tentative: of the nature of, or done as a trial, attempt
TEST
: TO BEAR WITNESS
- attest: bear witness
- contest: to dispute (from brining a lawsuit by calling witnesses)
- detest: to despise; to hate ( originally: to curse something by calling upon God to witness it)
- protest: a dissent; a declaration, esp. of disagreement
- testament: a statment of a person’s wishes for the disposal of his or her property after death; a will
- testify: bear witness
THO
: GOD
- apotheosis: glorification, glorified ideal
- atheist: one who does not believe in deity ro divine system
- theocracy: a form of government in which a deity is recogized as the supreme ruler
- theology: the study of divine things and divine faith
THERM
: HEAT
- thermal: relating to heat; retaining heat
- thermometer: a device for measuring heat
- thermonuclear: relating to a nuclear reaction that takes place at high temperatures
- thermostat: device for regulating heat
TIM
: FEAR
- **intimidate: **to strike fear into; to make fearful
- timid: fearful; shy
TOR / TORQ / TORT
: TO TWIST
- contort: to twist; to distort
- distort: to pull out of shape, often by twisting; to twist or misrepresent facts
- extort: to wring money, property, or services out of somebody using threats or force
- torch: a portable flame used for light ( perhaps derived from hemp twisted around sticks, then dipped in pitch)
- torque: twisting force; a force that creats rotation
- tort: a wrongful act (other than breach of contract) that legally entitles one to damages
- torture: to inflict pain ( including by twisting instrument like the rack or wheel)
TORP
: STIFF, NUMB
- **torpedo: **a explosive weapon used to sink ships (originally: a fish-the electric ray-that could shock vitims to numbness)
- torpid: numbed; sluggish
- torpor: numbness; listlessness; apathy
TOX
: POISON
- **antioxin: **antibody that counteracts a given poison
- intoxication: being poisoned; drunknness
- toxic: poisonous
TRACT
: TO DRAG, TO PULL, TO DRAW
- abstract: to draw ot pull away, remove
- attract: to draw either by physical force or by an appeal to emotions or senses
- contract: a legally binding document
- detract: to take away from, esp. a positive thing
- protract: to prolong, draw out, extend
- tractable: easily managed or controlled
- tractor: a powerful vehicle used to pull farm machinery
TRANS
: ACROSS, BEYOND
- intransigent: refusing to agree or compromise
- transaction: the act of carrying on or conduct to a conclusion or settlement
- transcendent: going beyond ordinary limits
- transgress: to violate a law, command, or moral code
- transition: a change from one way of being to another
- transparent: easily seen through, recognized, or detected
ULT
: LAST, BEYOND
- penultimate: second-to-last
- ulterior: beyond what is immediately present; future; beyond what is stated; hidden
- ultimate: last; final
- ultimatum: final offer; final term
- ultraviolet: beyond the violet end of the spectrum
UMBR
: SHADOW
- adumbrate: to foreshadow; to sketch; to overshadow
- penumbra: a shaded area between pure shadow and pure light
- somber: gloomy; darkened
- umbrage: shade; shadow; displeasure; resentment
- umbrella: a device providing shade from the sun or protection from rain
UN
: NOT
- **unseen: **not seen
- unusual: not usual; exceptional; strange
UND
: WAVE
- **abound: **to be plentiful; to overflow (from water flowing in waves)
- inundate: to flood
- undulate: to move in a wavelike way
UNI / UN
: ONE
- **reunion: **a meeting that brings people back together
- unanimous: of one mind; in complete accord
- uniform: of one kind; consistent
- universe: all things considered as one whole
URB
: CITY
- suburb: a rediential area just outside a city; an outlying area of a city
- urban: relating to a city
- urbane: polite; refined; polished ( considered characteristic of those in cities)
- urbanization: the process of an area becoming more like a city
US / UT
: TO USE
- abuse: to use wrongly or improperly
- usage: a customary way of doing something
- usurp: to seize and hold
- utilitarian: efficient, functional, useful
VAIL / VAL
: STENGTH, USE, WORTH
- ambivalent: being caught between contradictory feeling of equal power or worth
- avail: to have force; to be useful; to be of value
- convalescent: recovering strength; healing
- equivalent: of equal worth, strength, or use
- evaluate: to determine the worth of
- invalid: having no force or strength; void
- valediction: a farewell (from wishing that someone be well; i.e. that someone have strength)
- valid: having force; legally binding; effective; useful
- value: worth
VEN / VENT
: TO COME OR TO MOVE TOWARD
- adventitous: accidental
- contravene: to come into conflict with
- convene: to assemble for some public purpose
- intervene: to come between disputing factions, mediate
- venturesome: showing a disposition to undertake risks
VER
: TRUTH
- aver: to affirm, to declare to be true
- veracious: habitually truthful
- verdict: a judgment or decision
- verisimilitude: the apperance or semblance of truth
- verity: truthfulness
VERB
: WORD
- proverb: an adage; a byword; a short, commonly known saying
- verbatim: exactly as stated; word-for word
- verbose: wordy
- verbiage: excessive use of words; diction
VERD
: GREEN
- verdant: green with vegetation; inexperienced
- verdure: fresh, rich vegetation
VERS / VERT
: TO TURN
- aversion: dislike
- avert: to turn away from
- controversy: a public dispute involving a matter of opinion
- diverse: of a different kind, form, character
- extrovert: an outgoing person
- inadvertent: unintentional
- introvert: a person concerned primarily with inner thoughts and feeling
- revert: to return to a former habit
VI
: LIFE
- convivial: sociable
- joie de vivre: joy of life (French expression)
- viable: capable of living
- vivacity: the quality of being lively, animated, spirited
- vivid: strinking bright or intense
**VID / VIS **
: TO SEE
- adviser: one who gives counsel
- evident: plain or clear to the sight or understanding
- survey: to view in a general or comprehensive way
- video: element pertaining to the transimission or reception of an image
- vista: a view or prospect
VIL
: BASE, MEAN
- revile: to criticize with harsh language
- vile: loathsome, unpleasant
- vilify: to slander, to defame
VIRU
: POISON
- virulent: acrimonious; very bitter; very poisonous
- viruliferous: containing a virus
- virus: a submicroscopic agent that infects an organism and causes disease
VOC / VOK
: CALL, WORD
- advocate: to support or urge by argument
- avocation: something one does in addition to a principle occupation
- convoke: to call together
- equivocate: to use ambiguous or unclear exprssions
- invoke: to call together
- vocabulary: the stock of words used by or known to a particular person or group
- vocation: a particular occupation
- vociferous: crying out noisily
VOL
: WISH
- benevolent: characterized by or expressing goodwill
- malevolent: characterized by or expressing bad will
- volition: free choice, free will; act of choosing
- voluntary: undertaken of one’s own accord or by free choice
VOLU / VOLV
: TO ROLL, TO TURN
- convolution: a twisting or folding
- evolve: to develop naturally; literally, to unfold or unroll
- revolt: to rebel; to turn against those in authority
- revolve: to rotate; to turn around
- voluable: easily turning; fluent; changable
- volume: a book ( origianally: a scroll ); size or dimensions (originally: of a book)
VOR
: TO EAT
- carnivorous: meat-eating
- omnivorous: eating or absoring everything
- voracious: having a great appetite