(Roosevelt and the Second New Deal, 1935-1938) The Second New Deal

Question 1

What were the reasons behind a second, more radical program?

3

Answer 1

Responding to opposition
Congress wanted more & FDR didn’t want them to set the agenda.
Wanted to appeal to the less advantaged who he felt were often ignored.

Question 2

What 5 measures were taken in the Second New Deal?

Answer 2

Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
The Resettlement Administration
The Revenue Act
Social Security Act
Wagner Act

Question 3

What is significant about Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935?

Answer 3

Biggest appropriation of government relief ever, appointing $45.5 billion for public works schemes

Question 4

What did the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 do?

Answer 4

Set up the Works Progress Administration to provide employment.

Question 5

What did the Revenue Act of 1935 do?

Answer 5

Increased taxes - max tax on incomes over $50,000 went from 50% - 75%.

Question 6

What was the Revenue Act of 1935 otherwise known as?

Answer 6

The ‘Soak the Rich’ Act

Question 7

What is significant about the Social Security Act of 1935?

Answer 7

First ever direct measure of govt welfare, major break break from traditional role of federal govt.

Question 8

What did the Social Security Act of 1935 do?

2

Answer 8

Set up Old Age Pension.

Unemployment benefit given for up to 16 weeks.

Question 9

The Social Security Act of 1935 set up Old Age Pensions.

What is significant about this?

Answer 9

Although it was small, it set the way for the future.

Question 10

What were limitations to the Social Security Act of August 1935?

(3)

Answer 10

Self financing - people paid into pensions.
Pensions given at min $10 a month, depending on state.
Neglected domestic & agricultural workers etc

Question 11

How was the Wagner Act of 1935 otherwise known as?

Answer 11

National Labour Relations Act

Question 12

What is significant about the Wagner Act of 1935?

Answer 12

First time Labour Unions were given legal rights.

Question 13

What did the Wagner Act of 1935 do?

Answer 13

Set up the National Labour Relations Board to ensure fair play between employers and workforce in disputes.

Question 14

The Wagner Act of 1935 was __________ in ________ but _______ by __________.

Answer 14

initiated in Congress but backed by Roosevelt.

Question 15

The Wagner Act of 1935 set up the National Labour Relations Board to ensure fair play between employers and workforce in disputes.

What is the context/significance of this?

Answer 15

Labour Unions in USA were often treated with hostility by employers, who adopted ‘yellow dog clauses’ preventing employees from joining unions.

The NRA outlawed this but big employers like Henry Ford still intimidated workers.

Question 16

What did the Resettlement Administration of 1935 do?

3

Answer 16

Brought all rural rehabilitation projects into one agency.

It aimed to move families from overworked land and resettle them in promising surroundings.

Good land could be bought, encouraging farmers to move to it and learn how to farm effectively with modern machinery.

Question 17

What were successes of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935?

(2)

Answer 17

Employed 20% of workforce by 1940 on various schemes.

PWA built 8,000+ schools and hospitals 12,000+ playgrounds.

Question 18

What were limitations of the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935?

(2)

Answer 18

PWA wages were less than the going rate in the industry at $52 a month.

It couldn’t compete for contracts with private firms.

Question 19

When was the 2nd New Deal?

Answer 19

1935-1938

Question 20

What were limitations to the Resettlement Administration of May 1935?

Answer 20

Too costly and people were reluctant to move.

Aimed to resettle 500,000 families and only resettled 4,441.

Question 21

What were successes of the Revenue Act in June of 1935?

1

Answer 21

Acted as a precedent for higher taxes during WW2.

Question 22

What were limitations of the Revenue Act in June of 1935?

3

Answer 22

Only raised $250 million as only 1% of population earned over $10,000.

Laws regulating taxes had loop-holes in which lawyers took advantage of.

Would’ve been successful if it taxed the middle-class but FDR was reluctant to do so in fear of losing their support.

Question 23

What were successes of the Social Security Act of August 1935?

(2)

Answer 23

First direct system of national benefits.

Laid foundations for the modern welfare system.

Question 24

The Wagner Act of 1935 set up the National LAbour Relations Board to protect workers’ rights.
Give examples.
(2)

Answer 24

They could be part of unions of their choosing.

Employers couldn’t discriminate against union workers.

Question 25

What act targeted Native Americans?

What did it do?

Answer 25

The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934

Encouraged Native American culture through reorganising tribes into self-governing bodies with their own policies and legal systems.