Roosevelt and New Deal (7)

Question 1

By 1932, the American people had lost confidence in President ____ _____ and his Republican Government.

Answer 1

Herbert Hoover

Question 2

Who won the elections in November 1932?

Answer 2

Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the Democratic Party

Question 3

Why did Roosevelt win?

Answer 3

In his election campaign, Roosevelt promised government action to help the poor and unemployed and to give more protection to workers. He also wanted to end Prohibition.

Question 4

Because of Roosevelt’s policies and his tireless ___ to meet voters, people felt that he cared about their problems, unlike Hoover who felt it was the ____ fault if he or she was poor.

Answer 4

tireless

individuals

Question 5

What was Roosevelt going to introduce?

Answer 5

A New Deal for the American people

Question 6

What was America’s situation when Roosevelt took over in March 1933?

Answer 6

The Great Depression was at its worst and unemployment had reached 16 million, and the country was in the middle of a massive banking crisis.

Question 7

What realization did Roosevelt come to?

Answer 7

He realized that capitalism would no longer work if it was left to itself and that the government would need to become involved.

Question 8

What were the 3 aims of the New Deal?

Answer 8

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Question 9

What was the New Deal?

Answer 9

The New Deal was a series of programs and policies of Relief, Recovery, and Reform to combat the effects of the Great Depression during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Question 10

What did Relief stand for?

Answer 10

To provide immediate relief to those worst affected by the Great Depression.

Question 11

What did Recovery stand for?

Answer 11

To promote the recovery of the economy by getting industry going again and people back to work.

Question 12

What did Reform stand for?

Answer 12

To introduce fundamental reforms of the whole economic system to ensure that a similar crisis would not happen again.

Question 13

What were the Fireroom Chats?

Answer 13

A series of radio broadcasts aimed at ordinary citizens, in which he explained the measures that the government was taking. By communicating optimism, he was able to restore people’s confidence which was essential for economic recovery.

Question 14

What was the emphasis of the First New Deal?

Answer 14

Relief and Recovery

Question 15

What was the American Congress called into almost immediately after Roosevelt became President?

Answer 15

It was called into a special session to make drastic decisions that were necessary.

Question 16

How long did this special session last for?

Answer 16

100 days and thus became known as the ‘Hundred Days’.

Question 17

What happened during the Hundred Days?

Answer 17

New laws were passed to deal with the most pressing problems.

Question 18

Much of the work of the New Deal was carried by new ____ agencies. These were known by their initials and so were called the ____ _____.

Answer 18

government

alphabet agencies

Question 19

Which 4 key areas of the economy did the new deal tackle?

Answer 19

Financial Crisis
Unemployemnt
Agriculture
Industrial Collapse

Question 20

How did the New Deal plan to improve these areas of the economy?

Answer 20

Means of legislation and programs.

Question 21

How did the New Deal try to improve the financial crisis? (3)

Answer 21

• The government closed all banks and only allowed financially sound ones to re-open.
• Stopped unsound business practices on the stock exchange.
• The government made loans available to help people to pay their mortgage bonds and avoid losing their homes.

Question 22

How did it try and end unemployment issues?

Answer 22

The New Deal gave money to provide relief and to set up public works projects, using the money borrowed by the government.

Question 23

Name two public works projects.

Answer 23

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

The Public Works Administration (PWA)

Question 24

What did the CCC do?

Answer 24

Taught young men forestry and labour skills.

Question 25

Men in the CCC worked on projects of lasting benefits such as ____ control, ___ planting,___ firefighting, and ___ control projects.

Answer 25

Erosion
Tree
Forest
Flood

Question 26

What did the PWA do?

Answer 26

Provided Government funding to build schools, hospitals, bridges and other public buildings. All projects funded by the PWA required the hiring of some African American workers

Question 27

How did the New Deal try to solve problems with agriculture?

Answer 27

To help farmers and to tackle problems in agriculture. It set up two new agencies.

Question 28

What two agricultural agencies did they establish?

Answer 28

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Question 29

What did the AAA do?

Answer 29

Paid farmers subsidies to reduce production and to destroy crops and livestock. This was to reduce surpluses and stabilize prices.

Question 30

Why did many criticize the AAA?

Answer 30

People criticized the destruction of crops when there was great poverty and even starvation.

Question 31

Although the AAA helped farmers who owned land, many ___ farmers and _____ were evicted because there was no longer as much work for them.

Answer 31

tenant

sharecroppers

Question 32

What are sharecroppers?

Answer 32

Farmers who pay rent to the landowner in the form a share of the produce.

Question 33

What is a subsidy?

Answer 33

A sum of money paid by the government to support specific projects.

Question 34

What did the TVA do?

Answer 34

Built dams to control flooding and to provide hydro-electricity for industries, and planted trees to stop erosion.

Question 35

How did the New Deal try to solve the industrial collapse? (2)

Answer 35

• It aimed to promote recovery by increasing wages, in this way making it possible for workers to buy more.
• It also stabilized prices so that businesses could make a profit and employ more workers.

Question 36

What industrial agencies did they set up?

Answer 36

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Question 37

What did the NRA do?

Answer 37

It drew up codes for each industry, to fix prices, limit working hours, set minimum wages and ban child labor.