Roof Components Flashcards
INSPECTION SCOPE
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) steep slope roof coverings may be defined as roof coverings installed on roofs that slope 4 inches vertically in 16 inches horizontally (4:16) or greater.
b) Most steep slope roof coverings are water shedding roof coverings.
c) A water shedding roof covering relies to some degree on a layer under the roof covering (the underlayment) to provide a water-resistive barrier system.
d) none of the above
a) steep slope roof coverings may be defined as roof coverings installed on roofs that slope 2 inches vertically in 12 inches horizontally (2:12) or greater.
Asbestos Cement Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
These shingles are most commonly seen as squares and rectangles, but they may also appear as polygons.
b) Thickness is about ⅛ for less expensive shingles to ¼ inch for the better quality shingles.
c) Asbestos was started in most building products in 1973.
d) none of the above
c) Asbestos was banned in most building products in 1973.
Typical Defects of Shingle Roofs that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) absent shingles,
b) cracked and damaged shingles potentially allowing friable asbestos
c) roof penetration located in a valley
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Safety Issues of Shingle Roofs
Asbestos abatement and containment protocols must be followed during cutting and removal.
True or False
True
These procedures can be costly.
Asphalt (Fiberglass, Composition) Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Two types of asphalt shingles are commonly available.
a) Sometimes called an organic shingle, it has a base made from felt impregnated with asphalt.
b) Asphalt shingles are also called composition shingles.
c) The three-tab strip shingle is the most expensive style and is found on many homes.
d) three-tab strip shingles have a flat profile and usually come with a 20 year warranty.
c) The three-tab strip shingle is the LEAST (not most) expensive style and is found on many homes.
Typical Defects of Asphalt Shingle Roofs that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) shingle deterioration such as granule loss, visible fibers at edges, curling, and a stiff/ dry feel (cold shingles often feel stiff)
b) damaged and absent shingle tabs due to causes such as scraping by tree limbs, foot traffic, wind, and hail
c) absent sealant strip at first course
d) improper nail quantity and location
e) exposed or withdrawing wind chimes
e) exposed or withdrawing fasteners, NOT WIND CHIMES
Safety Issues of Asphalt Shingle Roofs
Shingle roof covering defects rarely present safety issues; however, older shingles often present loose granules that can make walking on the roof them more difficult and dangerous.
True or False
True
Concrete and Clay Tiles
a) Concrete tiles are made using Portland cement, water, and sand or some other aggregate.
b) Clay tiles are made using only clay.
c) The most common tile shapes are the spanish tile with an S shape, the Mission (pan and cover) tile with a C shape, and the flat (shingle) tile.
d) Flat tiles may have flat sides or may have grooves that lock the tile sides together.
b) Clay tiles are made using NOT only clay, but water, and other materials that add color and alter the tile’s hardness and durability.
Typical Roof Covering Repairs
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) loose tiles may be repositioned and secured
b) repair of cracked tiles with adhesive is recommended
c) tiles with minor chips at the corners may be left in place if the chip does not expose the underlayment
d) damaged or deteriorated underlayment should be replaced; this is common at eaves and gable rakes
e) a cracked mud ball should be replaced if the tiles it secures are loose
b) repair of cracked tiles with adhesive is NOT recommended
NOTE:
cracked tiles should be replaced
Typical Defects Roof Covering Typical defects that home inspectors should report include ALL, EXCEPT:
a) tiles loose or not in installed position,
b) damaged or absent tiles including cracked tiles and tiles with significantly chipped edges,
c) inadequate head lap (usually at least 3 inches is recommended),
d) absent tacs at perimeter tiles
d) absent fasteners (NOT TACS) at perimeter tiles
Safety Issues Tile Roof
Tile roof covering defects rarely present safety issues; however, tiles can be very slippery when wet, especially tiles with a glazed surface.
True or False
True
Fiber Cement Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) This roof covering is marketed as a lighter weight alternative to concrete tiles and clay tiles, slate, and wood shingles and shakes.
b) Weight per square is reported to be between 325 and 500 pounds depending on the style.
c) Thickness is reported to be around 3/4 inch.
d) The estimated service life is reported to be between 25 and 45 years.
c) Thickness is reported to be around 1/4 inch (not 3/4 inch)
Metal Shingles
(choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Metal shingles are defined as being less than 3 square feet.
b) Metal panels are defined as being 3 square feet or more.
c) The service life of metal shingles is reported to be 50 years or more depending on the quality of the metal, on maintenance, and on the environment.
d) Weight per 100 square feet is around 200 pounds, less for some lightweight aluminum shingles, and more for shingles with an adhered aggregate coating.
d) Weight per 100 square feet is around 100 pounds (NOT 200 POUNDS), less for some lightweight aluminum shingles, and more for shingles with an adhered aggregate coating.
Typical Roof Covering Repairs
a) rust may be repaired by removing the rust, priming, and painting,
b) small holes may be permanently patched using the same metal and soldering the patch to the metal, then priming and painting,
c) small holes may be temporarily patched using the same metal and adhering the metal patch to the shingle using flashing cement,
d) shingles may be replaced using a different installation method as the original shingles.
Typical Roof Covering Repairs
d) shingles may be replaced using the SAME (NOT DIFFERENT) installation method as the original shingles.
Typical Defects of Metal Shingle Roof Covering Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) deteriorated protective coatings
b) deteriorated (rusted) shingles
c) roof penetrations located on the side
d) damaged or open seams between shingles (especially flat shingles that were soldered).
c) roof penetrations located IN VALLEY, NOT ON THE SIDE
Safety Issues Metal Shingle Roof Covering Defects
Defects rarely present safety issues; however, metal shingles can be very slippery when wet and can be damaged by foot traffic.
(True or False)
True
Metal Panels
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Metal panels are defined as being 3 square feet or more.
b) Metal panels are installed in one of three ways: 1) standing seam roofs (low slope); 2) sealed seam roofs (low slope, minimum slope of ½:12); 3) Non-sealed (lapped) seam roofs (lapped and fastened), a steep slope roof covering with a minimum slope of 3:12.
c) The service life of metal panels is reported to be 50 years or more depending on the quality of the metal, on maintenance, and on the environment.
d) Underlayment is specified under metal panels
d) Underlayment is NOT specified under metal panels
Typical Visible Defects of Metal Roof Panels that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) loose and absent fasteners
b) splayed washers at lapped seam roof fasteners
c) deteriorated protective coating and (rusted) panels
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Safety Issues Metal panel roof covering defects
Defects rarely present safety issues; however, metal panels can be very slippery when wet and can be damaged by foot traffic.
(True or False)
True
Slate Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The service life of slate shingles is reported to be at least 50 years, however, slate roofs over 100 years old are known to exist.
b) The service life of soft slate shingles may be as little as 20 to 40 years while the service life of harder slate shingles may be 200 years or more.
c) Slate shingles are considered a very heavy roof covering. Weight per 100 square feet is between about 700 pounds to about 1,000 pounds for standard slate shingles, and can be as much as 10,000 pounds per square for large, thick slate shingles.
d) Slate shingles should be attached to the roof using nails specifically designed for slate shingles such as copper, stainless steel, bronze, or brass.
c) Slate shingles are considered a very heavy roof covering. Weight per 100 square feet is between about 700 pounds to about 1,000 pounds for standard slate shingles, and can be as much as 8,000 (NOT 10,000) pounds per square for large, thick slate shingles.
Typical Slate Shingle Roof Covering
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) loose shingles should be repositioned and secured
b) repair of shingles with adhesive or roofing cement is recommended
c) shingles with minor chips at the edges and minor delamination may be left in place
d) none of the above
b) repair of shingles with adhesive or roofing cement is NOT recommended, THEY SHOULD BE REPLACED
Typical Defects Slate Shingle Roof Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) shingles loose or not in installed position
b) damaged, deteriorated, and absent shingles, including cracked shingles, delaminating shingles, and shingles with significantly chipped edges
c) inadequate head wind
d) absent, exposed, and deteriorated fasteners
c) inadequate head lap, NOT HEAD WIND
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Weight per square is reported to be around 275 to 350 pounds
b) Thickness is reported to be around ½ inch.
c) Wood shingles and shakes are made from naturally durable wood (usually cedar) or from preservative treated wood such as southern yellow pine.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Shake/Shingle Roof Covering Repairs
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) loose and absent shingles and shakes should be repositioned or replaced and secured.
b) split and damaged shingles should be repaired with super glue.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
b) split and damaged shingles should be REPLACED (NOT repaired with super glue).