Roof Components Flashcards
INSPECTION SCOPE
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) steep slope roof coverings may be defined as roof coverings installed on roofs that slope 4 inches vertically in 16 inches horizontally (4:16) or greater.
b) Most steep slope roof coverings are water shedding roof coverings.
c) A water shedding roof covering relies to some degree on a layer under the roof covering (the underlayment) to provide a water-resistive barrier system.
d) none of the above
a) steep slope roof coverings may be defined as roof coverings installed on roofs that slope 2 inches vertically in 12 inches horizontally (2:12) or greater.
Asbestos Cement Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
These shingles are most commonly seen as squares and rectangles, but they may also appear as polygons.
b) Thickness is about ⅛ for less expensive shingles to ¼ inch for the better quality shingles.
c) Asbestos was started in most building products in 1973.
d) none of the above
c) Asbestos was banned in most building products in 1973.
Typical Defects of Shingle Roofs that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) absent shingles,
b) cracked and damaged shingles potentially allowing friable asbestos
c) roof penetration located in a valley
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Safety Issues of Shingle Roofs
Asbestos abatement and containment protocols must be followed during cutting and removal.
True or False
True
These procedures can be costly.
Asphalt (Fiberglass, Composition) Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Two types of asphalt shingles are commonly available.
a) Sometimes called an organic shingle, it has a base made from felt impregnated with asphalt.
b) Asphalt shingles are also called composition shingles.
c) The three-tab strip shingle is the most expensive style and is found on many homes.
d) three-tab strip shingles have a flat profile and usually come with a 20 year warranty.
c) The three-tab strip shingle is the LEAST (not most) expensive style and is found on many homes.
Typical Defects of Asphalt Shingle Roofs that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) shingle deterioration such as granule loss, visible fibers at edges, curling, and a stiff/ dry feel (cold shingles often feel stiff)
b) damaged and absent shingle tabs due to causes such as scraping by tree limbs, foot traffic, wind, and hail
c) absent sealant strip at first course
d) improper nail quantity and location
e) exposed or withdrawing wind chimes
e) exposed or withdrawing fasteners, NOT WIND CHIMES
Safety Issues of Asphalt Shingle Roofs
Shingle roof covering defects rarely present safety issues; however, older shingles often present loose granules that can make walking on the roof them more difficult and dangerous.
True or False
True
Concrete and Clay Tiles
a) Concrete tiles are made using Portland cement, water, and sand or some other aggregate.
b) Clay tiles are made using only clay.
c) The most common tile shapes are the spanish tile with an S shape, the Mission (pan and cover) tile with a C shape, and the flat (shingle) tile.
d) Flat tiles may have flat sides or may have grooves that lock the tile sides together.
b) Clay tiles are made using NOT only clay, but water, and other materials that add color and alter the tile’s hardness and durability.
Typical Roof Covering Repairs
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) loose tiles may be repositioned and secured
b) repair of cracked tiles with adhesive is recommended
c) tiles with minor chips at the corners may be left in place if the chip does not expose the underlayment
d) damaged or deteriorated underlayment should be replaced; this is common at eaves and gable rakes
e) a cracked mud ball should be replaced if the tiles it secures are loose
b) repair of cracked tiles with adhesive is NOT recommended
NOTE:
cracked tiles should be replaced
Typical Defects Roof Covering Typical defects that home inspectors should report include ALL, EXCEPT:
a) tiles loose or not in installed position,
b) damaged or absent tiles including cracked tiles and tiles with significantly chipped edges,
c) inadequate head lap (usually at least 3 inches is recommended),
d) absent tacs at perimeter tiles
d) absent fasteners (NOT TACS) at perimeter tiles
Safety Issues Tile Roof
Tile roof covering defects rarely present safety issues; however, tiles can be very slippery when wet, especially tiles with a glazed surface.
True or False
True
Fiber Cement Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) This roof covering is marketed as a lighter weight alternative to concrete tiles and clay tiles, slate, and wood shingles and shakes.
b) Weight per square is reported to be between 325 and 500 pounds depending on the style.
c) Thickness is reported to be around 3/4 inch.
d) The estimated service life is reported to be between 25 and 45 years.
c) Thickness is reported to be around 1/4 inch (not 3/4 inch)
Metal Shingles
(choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Metal shingles are defined as being less than 3 square feet.
b) Metal panels are defined as being 3 square feet or more.
c) The service life of metal shingles is reported to be 50 years or more depending on the quality of the metal, on maintenance, and on the environment.
d) Weight per 100 square feet is around 200 pounds, less for some lightweight aluminum shingles, and more for shingles with an adhered aggregate coating.
d) Weight per 100 square feet is around 100 pounds (NOT 200 POUNDS), less for some lightweight aluminum shingles, and more for shingles with an adhered aggregate coating.
Typical Roof Covering Repairs
a) rust may be repaired by removing the rust, priming, and painting,
b) small holes may be permanently patched using the same metal and soldering the patch to the metal, then priming and painting,
c) small holes may be temporarily patched using the same metal and adhering the metal patch to the shingle using flashing cement,
d) shingles may be replaced using a different installation method as the original shingles.
Typical Roof Covering Repairs
d) shingles may be replaced using the SAME (NOT DIFFERENT) installation method as the original shingles.
Typical Defects of Metal Shingle Roof Covering Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) deteriorated protective coatings
b) deteriorated (rusted) shingles
c) roof penetrations located on the side
d) damaged or open seams between shingles (especially flat shingles that were soldered).
c) roof penetrations located IN VALLEY, NOT ON THE SIDE
Safety Issues Metal Shingle Roof Covering Defects
Defects rarely present safety issues; however, metal shingles can be very slippery when wet and can be damaged by foot traffic.
(True or False)
True
Metal Panels
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Metal panels are defined as being 3 square feet or more.
b) Metal panels are installed in one of three ways: 1) standing seam roofs (low slope); 2) sealed seam roofs (low slope, minimum slope of ½:12); 3) Non-sealed (lapped) seam roofs (lapped and fastened), a steep slope roof covering with a minimum slope of 3:12.
c) The service life of metal panels is reported to be 50 years or more depending on the quality of the metal, on maintenance, and on the environment.
d) Underlayment is specified under metal panels
d) Underlayment is NOT specified under metal panels
Typical Visible Defects of Metal Roof Panels that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) loose and absent fasteners
b) splayed washers at lapped seam roof fasteners
c) deteriorated protective coating and (rusted) panels
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Safety Issues Metal panel roof covering defects
Defects rarely present safety issues; however, metal panels can be very slippery when wet and can be damaged by foot traffic.
(True or False)
True
Slate Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The service life of slate shingles is reported to be at least 50 years, however, slate roofs over 100 years old are known to exist.
b) The service life of soft slate shingles may be as little as 20 to 40 years while the service life of harder slate shingles may be 200 years or more.
c) Slate shingles are considered a very heavy roof covering. Weight per 100 square feet is between about 700 pounds to about 1,000 pounds for standard slate shingles, and can be as much as 10,000 pounds per square for large, thick slate shingles.
d) Slate shingles should be attached to the roof using nails specifically designed for slate shingles such as copper, stainless steel, bronze, or brass.
c) Slate shingles are considered a very heavy roof covering. Weight per 100 square feet is between about 700 pounds to about 1,000 pounds for standard slate shingles, and can be as much as 8,000 (NOT 10,000) pounds per square for large, thick slate shingles.
Typical Slate Shingle Roof Covering
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) loose shingles should be repositioned and secured
b) repair of shingles with adhesive or roofing cement is recommended
c) shingles with minor chips at the edges and minor delamination may be left in place
d) none of the above
b) repair of shingles with adhesive or roofing cement is NOT recommended, THEY SHOULD BE REPLACED
Typical Defects Slate Shingle Roof Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) shingles loose or not in installed position
b) damaged, deteriorated, and absent shingles, including cracked shingles, delaminating shingles, and shingles with significantly chipped edges
c) inadequate head wind
d) absent, exposed, and deteriorated fasteners
c) inadequate head lap, NOT HEAD WIND
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Weight per square is reported to be around 275 to 350 pounds
b) Thickness is reported to be around ½ inch.
c) Wood shingles and shakes are made from naturally durable wood (usually cedar) or from preservative treated wood such as southern yellow pine.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Shake/Shingle Roof Covering Repairs
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) loose and absent shingles and shakes should be repositioned or replaced and secured.
b) split and damaged shingles should be repaired with super glue.
c) both a) and b)
d) none of the above
b) split and damaged shingles should be REPLACED (NOT repaired with super glue).
Typical Defects Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) shingles or shakes loose or not in installed position
b) absent or deteriorated shingles or shakes, including splits and curling
c) proper exposure
d) improper (too small or large) spacing (gap) between shingles or shakes
c) improper exposure (head lap)
Safety Issues Shake/Shingle Roof
Wood roof covering defects rarely present safety issues; however, wood roof coverings can be slippery when wet and should not be walked on.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
TRUE
Ice dams
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
Typical Visible Evidence of Ice Dams
a) ice at the eaves and icicles hanging from eaves and gutters
b) visible water stains and damage under the eaves
c) visible water stains and damage on exterior walls and ceilings near exterior walls.
d) Ice barrier underlayment is not required in areas where ice is present.
d) Ice barrier underlayment IS required.
LOW SLOPE ROOF COVERINGS
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Low slope roof coverings may be defined as roof coverings installed on roofs that slope between ¼ inch vertically in 12 inches horizontally (¼:12) and 2 inches vertically in 12 inches horizontally (2:12).
b) Low slope roof coverings are waterproof roof coverings.
c) Low slope roof coverings are correctly called flat roof coverings.
d) All roofs must slope toward drainage points to drain water.
c) Low slope roof coverings SHOULD NOT BE called flat roof coverings.
Built-Up Roof Membranes (BURs)
Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER
a) Built-up roof membranes (BURs) consist of two or more layers of roofing felt or other membranes with each layer covered with bitumen (asphalt or coal tar) or a cold-applied adhesive.
b) Ballast (gravel) is often applied.
c) BURs are often called tar and gravel roofs.
d) The minimum roof slope should be 4:12.
d) The minimum roof slope should be 1/4:12 (not 4:12).
Typical Defects for BURs Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) minor alligatoring
b) damaged membrane such as holes, tears, and abrasion
3. deformed membrane such as wrinkles, blisters, and similar surface deformities
4. dirt, stains, or other evidence of water ponding (for more than 48 hours) due to improper drainage
a) minor surface alligatoring is usually considered cosmetic
DEEP ALLIGATORING is REPORTABLE.
Mineral-Surfaced Roll Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Mineral-surfaced roll roofing usually comes in a 36 inch wide roll that is about 36 feet long (about 1 square).
b) It is sometimes called #90 roll roofing because in the past, rolls weighed 90 pounds.
c) Mineral-surfaced roll roofing is the same as modified bitumen roofing.
d) none of the above
c) Mineral-surfaced roll roofing is DIFFERENT FROM modified bitumen roofing.
Typical Visible defects of Mineral Surfaced Roll Roofing that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) deteriorated membrane such as granule loss, visible fibers at edges, and curling
b) damaged membrane,
c) deformed membrane such as wrinkles, blisters, and similar surface deformities,
d) hidden nails
d) exposed (not hidden) nails
Modified Bitumen Roofing
Polymer modified bitumen roof coverings are asphalt-based membrane-type roof covering systems and have a service life of 12-20 years.
a) Mineral-surfaced roll roofing is the same as modified bitumen.
b) Modified bitumen sheets are usually around 39 inches wide.
c) Distance between lap seems (parallel seams) should be more than 36 inches.
d) The minimum roof slope should be ¼:12.
a) Mineral-surfaced roll roofing is different from modified bitumen, NOT THE SAME AS.
NOTE: Penetrations of the membrane, AND Transitions between the membrane and vertical walls such as parapet walls are a common leak location.
Typical Modified Bitumen Roof Covering Repairs
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) This material may be repaired with a patch from the same material that is adhered over the area requiring repair.
b) Patches should have rounded corners and should usually measure at least 16 inches in both directions.
c) This material may be coated with a manufacturer-approved liquid coating to extend its service life.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Modified Bitumen Roof Covering Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) Minor surface alligatoring
b) damaged membrane such as holes, tears, and abrasion
c) deformed membrane such as wrinkles, blisters, and similar surface deformities
d) dirt, stains, or other evidence of water ponding (for more than 48 hours) due to improper drainage
a) Deteriorated membrane such as deep alligatoring IS REPORTABLE, MINOR alligatoring is not.
Polyurethane Foam Roofing
Choose the INCORRECT answer:
a) Polyurethane foam roof covering is a spray-applied closed cell foam.
b) Expected service life is reported to be around 30 years.
c) Polyurethane foam is an insulating material.
d) Unlike other roof coverings, it can provide a significant L-value.
d) Unlike other roof coverings, it can provide a significant R-VALUE, not L-value.
Typical Polyurethane Roof Covering
Repairs
This material may be repaired as specified by the manufacturer. The repair method depends on the problem being repaired.
True or False
True
Typical Polyurethane Roof Covering Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) surface physical damage such as significant depressions caused by hail,
b) surface blisters
c) smooth texture
d) dirt, stains, or other evidence of water ponding (for more than 48 hours) due to improper drainage
c) REPORT “tree bark” texture, NOT SMOOTH TEXTURE (indicates improper foam application)
Single-ply Membrane Roofing
Single-ply thermoplastic membranes include those made from Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Thermoplastic Olefins (TPO)
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Single-ply thermoset membranes include Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM), Hypalon, and Neoprene
b) Expected service life is reported to be around 30 years.
c) EPDM membranes come in different thicknesses (mostly 45 and 60 mils), widths (from about 7.5 to 50 feet), and colors (mostly white and black)
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Single-ply Membrane Roof Covering Repairs
Choose the INCORRECT answer
a) this material may be repaired with a patch from the same material that is adhered over the area requiring repair
b) patches should have rounded corners and should usually measure at least 8 inches in both directions
c) this material may be repaired using manufacturer-approved tape that is adhered over the area requiring repair
d) the tape should have squared corners and should usually measure at least 6 inches in both directions.
d) the tape should have ROUNDED (NOT Squared) corners and should usually measure at least 6 inches in both directions.
Typical Single-ply Membrane Roof Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) Improved membrane
b) damaged membrane such as holes, tears, and abrasion
c) deformed membrane such as wrinkles, blisters, and similar surface deformities
d) dirt, stains, or other evidence of water ponding (for more than 48 hours) due to improper drainage
a) DETERIORATED (NOT Improved) membrane
ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Lack of gutters is considered a reportable defect in most markets.
b) The most common gutter styles are the half-round and the L-shaped gutter called the R gutter.
c) Some gutters called Yankee Gutters are integrated into the eaves and lined with a roof covering material such as EPDM or metal.
d) none of the above
b) The most common gutter styles are the half-round and the L-shaped gutter called the K GUTTER, (NOT R) gutter.
Typical Gutter Repairs
Gutters are usually repaired, and gutter seams are usually sealed, using silicone caulk.
(True or False)
True
Typical Gutter Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) gutter not sloped toward downspout, or are holding water
b) gutter leaks, especially at seams between sections, where downspouts connect, and at end caps
c) a few pebbles in gutters and downspouts
d) loose and poorly attached gutters and downspouts
c) debris blocking gutter GUARDS (not a few pebbles) in gutters and downspouts
Low Slope Roof drainage
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Drip edge flashing should be installed where water drains over the roof edge to reduce water damage at the point where water leaves the roof.
b) Roofs surrounded by vertical sidewalls (parapet walls) may drain through rectangular openings in the wall called scuppers.
c) One scupper or internal drain may not be the only roof drain.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Low Slope Roof Drainage Defects
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) dirt, staining, standing water, and other evidence of water remaining on the roof for more than 48 hours
b) leak evidence around scuppers and internal drains
c) pebbles in scuppers and internal drains
d) damaged, deteriorated, or absent components such as debris screens and flashing
c) debris BLOCKS scuppers and internal drains
Roof Penetration flashing
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Roof penetrations such as plumbing vents and fuel-fired appliance vents should be flashed with a boot (roof jack, thimble) that is compatible with the penetration and with the roof covering.
b) A chimney that is wider than 30 inches parallel to the ridge and does not run through the roof ridge should also have a cricket (saddle) that diverts water around the chimney.
c) Two types of plumbing vent flashing are available. These components are sometimes called shoes.
d) The lower quality type is made from materials such as neoprene and thermoplastics.
c) Two types of plumbing vent flashing are available. These components are sometimes called BOOTS (not shoes).
Sidewall and Headwall Flashing
a) Vertical walls that run along the side of a roof are called sidewalls.
b) Vertical walls where a roof slopes up to meet the wall are called headwalls.
c) Flashing between a roof and a sidewall and headwall should be installed in a two component system that should be integrated into the roof covering system, and into the wall drainage plane.
d) The two flashing components are the top flashing and the counterflashing.
d) The two flashing components are the BASE (not TOP) flashing and the counterflashing.
Typical Defects Sidewall and Headwall Flashing that inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) absent flashing including base flashing, counterflashing, kick out flashing, and head-wall flashing
b) counterflashing mechanically attached or attached using sealants
c) flashing too big or not run far enough up sidewall
d) upper flashing lapped under lower flashing
c) flashing too SMALL (not too big) or not run far enough up sidewall
SKYLIGHTS (TUBULAR skylights or TUBULAR DAYLIGHTING devices)
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Skylights are any glazed opening that is sloped more than 15° from vertical.
b) Glass skylights and sloped glazing more than 12 feet above the walking surface and more than 16 square feet of surface area is out of scope for home inspection.
c) A minimum 4 inch tall curb is recommended for all rectangular skylights, and is required for skylights installed on a roof slope less than 3:12.
d) Improper framing is a common defect at skylights.
c) Glass skylights and sloped glazing more than 12 feet above the walking surface and more than 16 square feet of surface area is IN scope for home inspection.
Typical Skylight Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) damaged glazing including compromised hermetic seal between glazing
b) skylight glare
c) water stains caused by condensation that can look like water leaks (especially common in bathrooms and kitchens),
d) improper framing of ceiling joists and rafters at skylight (especially cut trusses)
b) skylight LEAKS, not glare
Asphalt (Fiberglass, Composition) Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The dimensional shingle has a raised profile and usually has a 25 to 30 year warranty.
b) The most expensive shingle is the laminated shingle. It is two shingles bonded together to present a more pronounced raised profile.
c) The warranty on these shingles is usually 35+ years.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Asphalt (Fiberglass, Composition) Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The weight per square ranges from about 200 pounds for less expensive three-tab shingles to over 400 pounds for laminated shingles.
b) A square is 100 square feet.
c) Look for framing issues when you see laminated shingles.
d) The minimum roof slope should be 4:14
d) minimum roof slope should be 2:12, not 4:14
Note that valleys are at a lower slope than the intersecting roof planes
Asphalt (Fiberglass, Composition) Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Underlayment is specified under shingles.
b) Drip edge flashing is required at eaves
c) Underlayment should be installed under drip edge flashing at the eaves, and over drip edge flashing at the rakes.
d) Shingles should be attached using galvanized steel or aluminum roofing nails that are long enough to penetrate at least ¾ inch into the sheathing.
c) Underlayment should be installed OVER drip edge flashing at the eaves, and UNDER drip edge flashing at the rakes.
Asphalt (Fiberglass, Composition) Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Nail location can be important.
b) Staples are currently permitted by the IRC.
c) Flashing cement usually has a thicker consistency and is intended for vertical surfaces.
d) Lap cement has a thinner consistency and is intended bonding shingles together.
b) Staples are a problematic shingle fastener and are NOT currently permitted by the IRC.
Typical Defects of Asphalt Shingle Roofs that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) roof penetration in a valley
b) use of dimensional or laminated shingles as cap shingles
c) two or more shingle layers
d) shingles not properly offset relative to course above, especially with dimensional and laminated shingles.
c) three (not two) or more shingle layers (two layers are allowed, but not recommended)
Concrete and Clay Tiles
Choose the INCORRECT answer:
a) The service life of the underlayment can be as little as 20 years in very hot and very cold climates.
b) The minimum roof slope should be 2½:12.
c) Note that valleys are at a lower slope than the intersecting roof planes.
d) The underlayment is NOT waterproof material and doesn’t necessarily protect the roof from water entry in a tile roof covering system.
d) The underlayment IS waterproof material and PROTECTS the roof from water entry in a tile roof covering system.
Concrete and Clay Tiles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Underlayment (at least #30 felt) is specified under tiles.
b) Ice barrier underlayment is specified in cold climates when required by local authorities.
c) Underlayment should lap over rakes at least 1/2 inch.
d) All perimeter tiles should be fastened.
c) Underlayment should lap over rakes at least 1 INCH, (not 1/2 inch).
Concrete and Clay Tiles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Nails, when used, should be galvanized steel nails or aluminum nails that are long enough to penetrate at least ¾ inch into the sheathing.
b) A closed valley is one where the metal valley flashing is exposed.
c) A closed (mitered) valley is one where the tiles cover the metal valley flashing.
d) Open valleys are preferred where debris accumulation is expected and when freeze-thaw cycles are common.
b) An OPEN (not closed) valley is one where the metal valley flashing is exposed.
Concrete and Clay Tiles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Both valley types should be flashed using a 36 inch wide strip of at least #20 felt as a base layer.
b) Hip and ridge tiles at the beginning and end of the hip or ridge are secured in place with mortar commonly called a mud ball.
c) Tiles should be installed with a sufficient head lap so that the tiles are better able to shed water.
d) The typical head lap is 3 inches, but will vary based on tile style and manufacturer’s instructions.
a) Both valley types should be flashed using a 36 inch wide strip of at least #30 felt (not #20) as a base layer.
Typical Defects Roof Covering Typical defects that home inspectors should report include ALL, EXCEPT:
a) damaged or deteriorated underlayment,
b) roof penetrations located in a valley,
c) cracked or damaged golf balls,
d) over-cut tiles that expose the underlayment (usually at hips).
c) cracked or damaged MUD BALLS, NOT golf balls
Fiber Cement Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Versions installed during the 1980s and 1990s are reported to have several significant problems such as cracking, deterioration, and delamination.
b) The minimum roof slope should be 3:12 or 4:12 depending on the product style.
c) Note that valleys are at a lower slope than the intersecting roof planes.
d) Underlayment (at least #20 felt) is specified under this roof covering.
d) Underlayment (at least #30, NOT #20 felt) is specified under this roof covering.
Metal Shingles
(choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) The minimum roof slope should be 3:12.
b) Note that valleys are at a higher slope than the intersecting roof planes.
c) Underlayment is not specified under metal shingles
d) Condensation between the metal and the roof sheathing can be an issue if metal shingles are installed without underlayment.
b) Note that valleys are at a LOWER, NOT HIGHER slope than the intersecting roof planes.
Typical Visible Defects of Metal Roof Panels that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) upright panels,
b) excessive ripples in panels (sometimes called oil-canning),
c) roof penetrations located in valley,
d) damaged, opened, or improperly installed seams between panels (usually lapped seam roofs).
a) damaged panels,
Slate Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The minimum roof slope should be 4:12. b) Note that valleys are at a lower slope than the intersecting roof planes.
c) Underlayment is not specified under slate shingles.
d) Slate Shingles are the least expensive of roof tiles.
d) Slate Shingles are the least expensive of roof tiles.
Slate Shingles
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Three fasteners per slate shingle are specified.
b) The fasteners should be driven flush with the slate shingle surface, not tight against the slate.
c) Common valley types are: open, closed, and rounded.
d) none of the above
a) TWO (NOT THREE) fasteners per slate shingle are specified.
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Wood shingles are about 1-½ inch thick at the butt end.
b) Shingles are available in standard lengths of 16, 18, and 24 inches.
c) Shakes are available in standard lengths of 16 and 24 inches.
d) The service life of a wood roof covering is reported to be about 30 years.
a) Wood shingles are about ½ inch (not 1-1/2) thick at the butt end.
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Wood shingles and shakes are considered a light roof covering.
b) Weight per 100 square feet is between about 250 and 350 pounds.
c) The minimum roof slope should be 3:12
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Note that valleys are at a higher slope than the intersecting roof planes.
b) Underlayment is not specified under wood roof coverings.
c) Interlayment is specified between shake courses.
d) The minimum interlayment is #15 felt. Industry guidelines specify #30 felt.
a) Note that valleys are at a LOWER (NOT higher) slope than the intersecting roof planes.
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) Three fasteners per shingle and shake are specified.
b) A space (keyway) should be left between shingles and shakes to allow for the wood to expand.
c) The space between shingles should be between 1/4 and 3/8 inch.
d) The space between shingles should be offset at least 1 ½ inches between adjacent shingle courses.
a) TWO (NOT Three) fasteners per shingle and shake are specified.
Synthetic Component (Polymer) Roof Coverings (Choose the incorrect answer)
a) The space between shakes should be between ⅜ and ⅝ inch.
b) Exposure for shingles varies between 5 inches and 7½ inches for roof slopes of 4:12 or more.
c) Exposure for shakes is 7 ½ inches for 18 inch shakes and 10 inches for 24 inch shakes.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Defects Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) biological growth such as moss,
b) roof penetrations located in a valley
c) leaves on the roof
d) none of the above
c) leaves on the roof
Built-Up Roof Membranes (BURs)
Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER
a) Penetrations of BURs are a common leak location.
b) Transitions between roof coverings are a common leak location.
c) Transitions between the BUR and vertical walls such as parapet walls are a common leak location.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Home inspectors should carefully evaluate the membrane and flashing at vertical walls.
Built-Up Roof Membranes (BURs)
Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER
a) Equipment, such as air conditioner condensers, is often mounted on wood blocks placed directly on the BUR, called DUNNAGE.
b) Typical Roof Covering Repairs This material may be repaired with a patch, using the same BUR material, that is adhered over the area requiring repair.
c) The patching method depends on the problem being repaired and on the materials used to construct the BUR.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Typical Defects for BURs Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) openings at laps and splices,
b) a few leaves on roof
c) loose and deteriorated flashing around penetrations,
d) deteriorated pitch in pitch pans,
b) significant debris and vegetation on roof
Typical Defects for BURs Typical defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) improper equipment supports,
b) fasteners colored red
c) loose and deteriorated at sidewalls flashing,
c) displaced ballast.
b) fasteners (BACKING OUT) NOT colored red
Mineral-Surfaced Roll Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The minimum roof slope should be 1:12.
b) Underlayment (at least #15 felt) is specified under this material.
c) Ice barrier underlayment is not specified in cold climates.
d) none of the above
c) Ice barrier underlayment IS specified in cold climates.
Typical Visible defects of Mineral Surfaced Roll Roofing that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) nails laying on roof
b) openings at laps and seams,
c) roofing cement used to repair holes, exposed nails, and deteriorated areas,
d) dirt, stains, or other evidence of water ponding due to improper drainage.
a) nails withdrawing and showing through surface, NOT JUST laying on roof
Typical Modified Bitumen Roof Covering Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) openings at laps and splices
b) a few leaves on the roof
c) loose and deteriorated flashing around penetrations
d) deteriorated pitch in pitch pans
b) debris and vegetation on roof, not a few leaves
Typical Modified Bitumen Roof Covering Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) improper equipment supports
b) fasteners backing out
c) loose and deteriorated flashing at sidewalls
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
Polyurethane Foam Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The minimum roof slope should be 4:12
b) The minimum foam thickness is 1 to 1½ inches thick.
c) The maximum foam thickness is 4 inches
d) Penetrations of the foam are a common leak location.
a) The minimum roof slope should be 1/4:12, not 4:12
Typical Polyurethane Roof Covering Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) deteriorated top coating,
b) debris and vegetation on roof,
c) thick application,
d) improper equipment supports.
c) thin, (NOT THICK) application
Single-ply Membrane Roofing
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) Minimum roof slope should be 4:12.
b) Seams between sheets and end laps should be lapped about 3 inches and sealed using the manufacturer recommended method
c) Penetrations of the membrane are a common leak location.
d) none of the above
a) Minimum roof slope should be 1/4:12, not 4:12.
NOTE:
Home inspectors should carefully evaluate penetrations for defects such as loose and deteriorated materials.
Typical Single-ply Membrane Roof Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) openings at laps and splices,
b) debris and vegetation on roof,
c) loose and deteriorated flashing around penetrations,
d) deteriorated ditch in ditch pans
d) deteriorated pitch in pitch pans
not ditch in ditch
Typical Single-ply Membrane Roof Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) improper equipment supports
b) fasteners backing out
c) loose and deteriorated flashing at sidewalls
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) The horizontal part of the system is called the gutter, also called an eaves trough in some areas.
b) The vertical part of the system is called a downspout.
c) Other terms include conductor, downpipe, and leader.
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Downspouts should discharge on to a concrete or plastic tray called a splash block, or into a piece of downspout material or pipe called a downspout extension.
b) Splash blocks or downspout extensions should discharge water at least 8 feet away from the foundation.
c) K-type gutters are typically 5 or 6 inches wide.
d) Downspouts are typically 2x3 inches or 3x4 inches.
b) Splash blocks or downspout extensions should discharge water at least 5 feet (NOT 8 FEET) away from the foundation.
ROOF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) Determining gutter capacity is in scope for a home inspection.
b) One method of attaching gutters is the spike and ferrule method.
c) Gutters should slope toward the downspouts at 1/16 inch per foot.
d) Improperly sloped gutters are a reportable defect.
Determining gutter capacity is OUT OF SCOPE for a home inspection.
Typical Gutter Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) damaged and deteriorated gutters and downspouts
b) absent or damaged splash blocks or downspout extensions
c) gutter drains on to downspout
d) water damage on exterior walls from built-in (integrated) gutter leakage.
c) gutter drains on to ROOF, NOT DOWNSPOUT, causing deterioration of roof covering
Roof Flashing
(Choose the INCORRECT ANSWER)
a) The service life of these boots is between 10 and 20 years.
b) The best quality types are made with iron.
c) The service life of lead boots is 30 years or more.
d) Boots installed on a roof with a different slope, and boots that are the incorrect size may not seal the vent and may leak.
b) The best quality types are made with LEAD, NOT IRON.
Sidewall and Headwall Flashing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) In other situations, the base flashing should be smaller pieces of flashing material called step flashing.
b) Base flashing should be at least 8 inches on the vertical and horizontal legs.
c) Sidewall and headwall flashing should be installed under most siding materials including wood and wood products, fiber cement, and vinyl.
d) Flashing at brick veneer sidewalls should be installed using STEPPED BASE FLASHING and STEPPED COUNTERFLASHING. The counterflashing should be installed in a GROOVE CUT INTO THE MORTAR.
b) Base flashing should be at least 4 (NOT 8) inches on the vertical and horizontal legs.
Sidewall and Headwall Flashing
(Choose the INCORRECT answer)
a) KICK OUT flashing should be installed at the end of a roof when the sidewall extends past the roof.
b) Absence of kick out flashing is not a reportable defect regardless of the age of the house.
c) HEADWALL flashing should be installed using long pieces of base and counterflashing. The leg of the base flashing that extends above the roof covering is called the apron and should be at least 4 inches wide.
d) The apron should be flush with the roof covering.
b) Absence of kick out flashing IS a reportable defect regardless of the age of the house.
Typical Defects Sidewall and Headwall Flashing that inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) tight flashing
b) gaps between flashing and sidewall or penetration
c) absent and deteriorated sealants where sealants should be installed
d) flashing restricting a plumbing vent opening.
a) ABSENT, DETERIORATED or LOOSE Flashing should be reported (not TIGHT flashing)
Typical Skylight Defects that home inspectors should report include all, EXCEPT:
a) improper skylight chase insulation,
b) debris caught on roof at skylight upslope end,
c) ice dams and water leaks on the upslope end (usually in ice dam prone climates).
d) none of the above
d) none of the above
