Rood Flashcards
Contracture:
Fixed posture secondary to shortening or loss of elasticity of ligaments, joint capsule, tendons, and muscles (Preston & Hecht, 1999).
Controlled Sensory Stimulation:
Concept that the neural component of tone can be affected by sensory stimuli applied in a specific manner to increase or reduce the electrical charge on interneurons or motor neurons, making them more or less likely fo fire when they receive additional goal-specific stimulation from supraspinal centers.
What is the purpose of Facilitating
To make easier.
Facilitation:
State of readying neurons to depolarize and propagate an impulse or to make contraction of a muscle or a reflex response more likely.
Facilitation techniques:
blood pressure increase.
Controlled sensory stimulation used to increase muscle tone and to produce movement responses.
Fight or flight reaction:
Sympathetic autonomic nervous system response to a threat (fear, rage, pain, exposure to cold) that mobilizes the body’s resources for violent action. The Sympathetic reaction redirects blood flow to areas of intense activity, such as muscles and heart, and away from other functions, such as digestion. Among other reactions, the heart rate and blood pressure increase.
Flaccidity:
State of lacking tone; the limb feels limp and falls into place when not supported.
Inhibit:
To make more difficult.
Inhibition:
State of hyperpolarization of neural cell membrane decreasing likelihood of propagating an impulse or to make contraction of a muscle or a reflex response less
likely.
Inhibition techniques:
Controlled sensory stimulation used to decrease spasticity.
Normalization of tone:
Process of changing excessive tone (hypertonia) or insufficient tone (hypotonia) to a state of normal tone needed for normal motor responses.
Spasticity:
State of excessive tone and hyperactive response to stretch. If moderately to severely spastic, the limb feels tight and is difficult to move into position.
Rood’s hypothesis states Appropriate Sensory
stimulation Facilitation/inhibition does what?
Increases Reactions of specific motor responses
Rood’s hypothesis states Purposeful muscular responses are a result of
Controlled sensory stimulation + Sequence of positions and activities
Muscle tone and motor control do what
Approximation of real life context increases tx effectiveness.
Therapist uses “somatic markers” to select interaction methods.
co-effect each other.
what patterns co-effect each other.
Flex & Ext.
Movement patterns are created by
Repetition of muscular responses
Indentation/goal directed do what
co-effect mvt.
What increases tx effectiveness.
Approximation of real life context
Why do Therapist uses “somatic markers”
to select interaction methods.
What are Rood’s treatment goals
To normalize muscle tone.
Development of reflexes to increase voluntary use of muscles.
What are the muscle groups
Heavy work and Light work
Heavy work muscles
(Stabilizers)
Extensors and abductors
used for postural support
Light work
(Mobilizers)
Adductors and flexors
used for skilled movement patterns
Except for in feeding and speech muscles what is the order of work muscle activation
The heavy work muscles are activated before the light work muscles
Guidelines for Rood treatment
Treatment begins at the developmental level of functioning.
Movement is directed toward a purposeful goal.
Repetition is necessary for the training of muscular responses.
Reciprocal Inhibition
Innervation
ReflexiveProvides early mobility patterns Protective function
Phasic (quick) Requires contraction of agonist and relaxation of antagonist
Cocontraction
Coinnervation
Provides stability Provides ability to hold a position or an object
Tonic (static) Requires contraction of the agonist and the antagonist
Heavy Work
Mobility superimposed on stability (creeping)
Proximal muscles contract and move
vs.
Distal segment is fixed
Skill
Highest level of motor control.
Combination of mobility and stability
To execute a skilled pattern: proximal segment is stabilized while distal segment moves freely
Rood’s sequential phases of motor control
Reciprocal Inhibition >Cocontraction> Heavy Work> Skills
Motor patterns
Supine Flexion
Roll Over
Prone Extension
Neck Cocontraction
Four rules of sensory input
Fast brief stimulus > ^ Large synchronous motor input. (reflex arc is intact)
Fast repetitive sensory input > ^ maintained response. (fast brushing)
Maintained sensory input > ^ maintained response. (gravity)
Slow, rhythmical, repetitive sensory input > ^generalized calming effect. (deep pressure)
Inhibition
Purpose: To promote a calming, relaxing effect
Touch: Slow, deep, and Continual touch
Environment: Quiet with minimal distractions
Therapist: Use of quiet soothing, calm and slow
tone of voice
Facilitation
Purpose: To promote alertness and increase stimulation
Touch: Light and quick touch
Environment: Not distracting, Improves awareness
Therapist: Use of increased volume and tone of voice
Techniques Inhibition
Neutral warmth Gentle rocking or shaking Slow stroking Slow rolling Deep tendon pressure Joint compression (approximation) Maintain stretch Rocking in developmental patterns
Techniques Facilitation
Light moving touch Fast brushing Icing Heavy joint compression Stretch: Intrinsic stretch Secondary ending stretch Stretch pressure Resistance Tapping Vibration
Precautions
Brushing Icing Touching Vibration Heat
Monitoring the client
Size of pupils Respiration Quality of voice Quality if speech Changes in skin tone Muscle jerks
