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Rome test Flashcards

1
Q

Twin sons rescued by a wolf. They constructed a town on the banks of the Tiber River.

A

Romulus and Remus

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2
Q

In the myth of Romulus and Remus, who killed his brother?

A

Romulus killed Remus

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3
Q

Who were the first people to live in the area that became Rome?

A

The Latins

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4
Q

A hill in central Italy that overlooks the Tiber River at a location about a dozen miles inland from the sea.

A

Palatine

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5
Q

Rome’s 2 neighbors that had a great influence on Rome.

A

Etruscans and Greeks

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6
Q

What were the Romans really good at?

A

Building and architecture

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7
Q

What were 2 important Etrsucan structures that the Romans made/adapted?

A

Arch and Cuniculus

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8
Q

An underground irrigation system invented by the Etruscans

A

Cuniculus

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9
Q

What was an Etruscan sporting event? What happened to the winner?

A

Slave fighting - Winner was executed (killed)

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10
Q

What was another Etruscan Sporting Event?

A

Chariot Races

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11
Q

What is a gladiator? (Estruscan sporting event)

A

Professionally trained fighter who battled each other or wild animals

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12
Q

How are the Pantheon and Parthenon similar?

A

They are both influenced by Greek design

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13
Q

What was a Greek influence on Roman culture?

A 
1. Greek Alphabet (but it was changed by the Etruscans, then the Romans)
2 Art (Pottery, painting, & sculpture)
3. Religion
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14
Q

Where did the Greeks write their important documents (such as laws and treaties)?

A

Bronze or stone plaques

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15
Q

How did they write their letters in the Green alphabet?

A

All capital letters

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16
Q

Who was the Roman poet that wrote about the Trojan War?

A

Virgil

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17
Q

What poem did Virgil write?

A

Aeneid ( about Aeneas, a Trojan prince who was the ancestor of the first Romans)

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18
Q

What is Greco-Roman art?

A

Having characteristics of Roman culture with a strong Greek influence

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19
Q

Did the Greeks worship one god or many gods?

A

Many gods and goddesses

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20
Q

The Romans adapted may of the Greek gods as their own & gave them Roman names.

  1. Who did Zeus become?
  2. Who did Aphrodite become?
  3. Who did Ares become?
A
  1. Zeus became Jupiter
  2. Aphrodite became Venus
  3. ) Ares became Mars
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21
Q

Aphrodite (aka Venus) is the goddess of what?

A

Love

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22
Q

Who was the mightiest Greek God?

A

Zeus (who later became known as Jupiter)

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23
Q

Ares (aka Mars) is the god of what?

A

War

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24
Q

Who liked telling the stories about their Gods? The Romans or the Greeks?

A

Greeks

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25
Q

What kind of government did the Romans create?

A

A republic

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26
Q

What is a republic?

A

A form of government in which leaders are elected to represent the people.

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27
Q

Who was one of the first leaders of the Republic?

A

Brutus (because he fell and kissed mother earth first)

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28
Q

What are patricians?

A

Rich Roman men who held all the power in the Republic

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29
Q

What were the majority of the people called (who had no voice in the government)?

A

Plebeians

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30
Q

What are the 2 classes of Roman society?

A

Patricians and Plebeians

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31
Q

What are the jobs of a Patrician?

A

Military Commander, Political Advisor, and Priest

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32
Q

What are some jobs of a Plebeian?

A

Peasant, Shopkeeper, Laborers, Craftsperson

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33
Q

The Romans created what type of government?

A

Republic

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34
Q

What is a Republic?

A

Elected officials govern for the people. (It was the Patricians who led the people).

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35
Q

A group of 300 patricians elected by patricians

A

The Senate

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36
Q

How long was the Senate term? (How long did they serve?)

A

For life

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37
Q

In the republic, what were the 2 elected leaders that shared command of the army called?

A

Consuls

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38
Q

Where the laws written down?

A

No, and the Patricians often changed them or interpreted the laws to benefit themselves.

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39
Q

What is the Conflict of the Orders?

A

This was a conflict between the two social classes - the plebeians and the patricians

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40
Q

How did the plebeians win the Conflict of the Order?

A

They marched out of Rome and refused to work

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41
Q

The patricians agreed to allow the plebeians to elect officials. What were they called?

A

Tribunes of the Plebs

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42
Q

Who represented the plebeians in the Senate and with the consuls?

A

Tribunes

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43
Q

Plebians could also elect a lawmaking body called what?

A

Council of Plebs

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44
Q

To gain equality, what did the plebeians want in order to lead?

A
  1. ) Laws should be written down
  2. ) One of the two consuls must be a plebeian
  3. ) Plebeians could pass laws
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45
Q

Who wrote “ The people’s good is the highest law”?

A

Cicero (SIS-eh-roh)

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46
Q

What was the original government of Rome? And what did it change into?

A

Started as a Republic and grew into an Empire

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47
Q

What was the 1st Period of Expansion in Rome?

A

Drove last Etruscan king out & defeated the Etruscans

Conquered Latin neighbors and controlled Italian pensinsula

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48
Q

1st Period of Expansion:

What group of people attacked & destroyed the Roman Capital City?

A

Gaul (France)

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49
Q

What did Rome have to maintain to defend and conquer lands?

A

A large, permanent army

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50
Q

What was the 2nd Period of Expansion?

A

Rome fought 3 major wars (The Punic Wars)

Got control of North Africa, Spain, Sicily, Macedonia & Greece

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51
Q

2nd Period of Expansion:

In the 3 wars, who was Rome’s enemy?

A

Carthage

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52
Q

2nd Period of Expansion:

Why were they fighting with Carthage?

A

Because of trading rights

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53
Q

2nd period of Expansion:

What was the name of the wars against Rome and Carthage?

A

Punic Wars

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54
Q

2nd Period of Expansion:
Who was the brilliant Carthaginian general that surprised the Romans by arching his army from Spain across the Alps and into Italy? His troops rode on elephants.

A

Hannibal

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55
Q

A senator who demanded the complete destruction of Carthage in the Third Punic War?

A

Cato

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56
Q

What was the cost of the Punic Wars?

A
  1. ) Young men died
  2. People outside Rome suffered loss in population and property
  3. ) Hannibal’s army destroyed farms
  4. ) Farms were neglected so people could fight
  5. ) Poor farmers had to sell their land
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57
Q

What is the 3rd Period of Expansion?

A

They ruled the entire Mediterranean world
Civil wars were breaking out
Roman generals were becoming dictators
Caesar become a dictator & was assassinated
His grandnephew, Octavian/Augustus became a dictator

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58
Q

In the 3rd Period of Expansion, what happened to the Roman Republic?

A

It collapsed

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59
Q

3rd Period of Expansion:

Who was the slave that led a famous revolt and was killed?

A

Spartacus

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60
Q

3rd Period of Expansion

Because there were so many slaves, what happened to the thousands of farmers and laborers who had no jobs?

A

They had no jobs and turned into mobs of angry people.

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61
Q

3rd Period of Expansion:

Who was a Roman leader who commanded an army to put down a revolt by Italian allies to obtain Roman citizenship?

A

Sulla

62
Q

3rd Period of Expansion:
Who were the two Roman generals who both wanted to rule Rome? One commanded an army north of Italy, and one had the support of the Roman Senate.

A

Pompey & Julius Caesar

63
Q

Who did the Senate support - Julius Caesar or Pompey?

A

Pompey

64
Q

Who do defeated who? (Caesar or Pompey) What did the Senate do?

A

Caesar defeated Pompey. The Senate named Caesar dictator for life.

65
Q

After Caesar was named dictator for life, what happened to the Roman government?

A

The Republic ended and it was the start of the empire

66
Q

What were some of the reforms that Caesar introduced?

A
  1. ) Created roads & public buildings - which gave lots of people jobs
  2. ) Let the poor people watch gladiator shows for free
  3. ) Adopted a calendar system
67
Q

What was the name of the Roman general that conquered Gaul (France)?

A

Julius Caesar

68
Q

How did Caesar die?

A

He was stabbed as he entered the Senate

69
Q

What is the “Ides of March”?

A

The day Caesar was stabbed 23 times

70
Q

What is a war fought between groups in the same country?

A

Civil War

71
Q

What is a dictator?

A

A ruler with absolute power

72
Q

What leadership position was Julius Caesar?

A

A dictator - he was killed (assassinated)

73
Q

Who was Caesar’s grandnephew who gained total power after Julius Caesar was murdered?

A

Octavian (later named Augustus)

74
Q

What was the 4th Period of Expansion?

A

It was the start of the Roman empire

Pushed borders of Rome to natural boundaries (such as rivers)

75
Q

4th Period of Expansion:

Who was the popular general that Octavian had to defeat?

A

Marc Antony

76
Q

Who was Marc Antony married to?

A

Cleopatra

77
Q

Octavian knew that Romans valued what?

A

The Republic

78
Q

Did Octavian restore the Republic?

A

No…he kept all the power to himself.

79
Q

The Senate gave Octavian a name? What does the name mean?

A

Caesar Augustus. It means honored.

80
Q

Who is Rome’s first emperor?

A

Octavian (also known as Caesar Augustus)

81
Q

What were some of the good things that Octavius (Caesar Augustus) did for Rome?

A
  1. ) Police & Firemen
  2. ) Encouraged education, art & literature
  3. ) Built temples
82
Q

Why did Octavius (Caesar Augustus) push the boundaries to natural borders?

A

To defend the empire

83
Q

What was the Praetorian Guard

A

It was Octavius (Caesar Augustus) private army

84
Q

What does Forum mean? What was the Forum?

A

Gathering place. It was the open area used for merchant’s stalls, , viewing races, games, and plays. `Later, it had government buildings, meeting halls, temples, theaters, and monuments.

85
Q

Where did most of the people in Rome live?

A

Tiny apartments crammed in narrow, dirty streets. Had crime and disease. Children were lucky to live past the age of ten.

86
Q

Who accompanied women while they shopped?

A

Slaves

87
Q

To keep the poor from turning into angry, dangerous mobs, what would they do?

A

They gave them food & entertainment such as gladiator contests and chariot races.

88
Q

What was the “Rule of Law”?

A

The idea that people should live according to a set of agreed upon laws

89
Q

In the empire, who is the ultimate source of law?

A

The emperor

90
Q

What kinds of gifts/offerings did Romans give to their gods?

A

Food (honey cakes & fruit) & sacrificed animals (bulls, sheep, oxen)

91
Q

What was Vesta the goddess of?

A

The hearth fire (fireplace)

92
Q

Romans came to honor their emperors as what?

A

Gods

93
Q

In poor families, who had to work?

In rich families, who had to work?

A

Poor - both husband and wife

Rich - only men. Women ran the households

94
Q

What if a husband didn’t approve of his child?

A

He would put it out to die or to be claimed as a slave

95
Q

When were babies named?

A

9 days old

96
Q

What was a bulla (Boo-lah)?

A

a good-luck charm that was placed around a baby’s neck and worn through childhood

97
Q

What was a thermopolia?

A

Like a fast food place that the poor used. It sold hot and cold foods.

98
Q

What were the main foods & drinks in ancient Rome?

A

Bread, Beans, Spices, Vegetables, Cheeses, and Meats

Water with herbs & honey

99
Q

What kind of food was garum?

A

A salty fish sauce

100
Q

Where did the rich people live?

A

Spacious, airy homes made of stone and marble

101
Q

Inside the front door of a rich person’s home, they would receive their guests in what room?

A

Atrium

102
Q

What kept the atrium of the house cool?

A

A pool

103
Q

What is the fanciest room in a rich person’s home? How were they decorated?

A

The dining room - decorated with art, murals (large paintings), and mosaics (tiles put together to form a picture), statues, and fountains

104
Q

What was education like for rich children?

A

Fathers & slaves educated boys & girls until age 6

Then, boys would go to school

105
Q

What did rich Roman boys grow up to become (their jobs)?
What did rich Roman girls group up to become (their jobs)?
What job could slave girls have?

A

Boys - Soldiers, doctors, politicians, or lawyers
Girls - Dentists, real estate agent, tutor
Slave girls could become midwives who help with childbirth

106
Q

What is leisure?

A

Time spent NOT working

107
Q

What were some forms of recreation? (Free/Fun time)

A
  1. ) Roman baths
  2. )Gladiator Contests
  3. ) Chariot Races
108
Q

What was the large arena in Rome where gladiator contests and other games and sport events were held?

A

Colosseum

109
Q

What happened at the Circus Maximus?

A

A huge racetrack where they had chariot races

110
Q

Could men and women sit together at the Colosseum (gladiator fights)?
Could men and women sit together at the Circus Maximus (chariot races)?

A

Colosseum - NO

Circus Maximus - YES

111
Q

What was a wealthy Roman country estate called?

A

Villa

112
Q

Who had a vision of a cross hanging in the sky?

There was a sign on the cross. What did it say?

A

Constantine

“In this sign, you will conquer”

113
Q

Where was Jesus born?

A

In Judea (which is where Bethlehem is located)

114
Q

What makes the people of Judea different from the rest of Rome?

A

They believe in only 1 god

115
Q

Who was appointed to be a king of Judea? The Jews distrusted him. He was the king when Jesus was born.

A

Herod

116
Q

What does Messiah mean?

A

anointed one

117
Q

Which part of the Bible describes Jesus’ life?

A

New Testament

118
Q

Who wrote the 4 Gospels?

A

Matthew, Mark, Luke, & John

119
Q

What is a census?

A

A head count- counting the people

120
Q

What was Jesus’ job/skill (not including religion)?

A

A carpenter like his father

121
Q

How old was Jesus when he astonished the rabbis (teachers) with his knowledge of Jewish law?

A

12 years old

122
Q

Who was the first person to identify Jesus as the Messiah?

A

John the Baptist

123
Q

Where did Jesus start to preach?

A

Galilee

124
Q

Every year, thousands of Jews traveled to Jerusalem to celebrate what?

A

Passover

125
Q

Who ordered Jesus to be executed?

A

Pontias Pilate

126
Q

What was the Resurrection?

A

When Jesus rose from the dead

127
Q

Who were the early converts to Christianity?

A

Jews

128
Q

Who was one of the most important people in Christianity who devoted his life to the teachings of Jesus?

A

Paul

129
Q

Who were the Gentiles?

A

Non-Jews who Paul tried to convert to Christiantiy

130
Q

What is a missionary?

A

Someone who tries to convert others to believe in a particular religion or set of beliefs

131
Q

For refusing to honor the other Roman gods, what happened to Christians?

A

They were sentenced to die in cruel and painful ways - crucified, burned alive, eaten by wild animals

132
Q

What did Christianity offer to people?

A

Purpose and Hope - even poor people could look forward to a better life

133
Q

What is the Holy Trinity?

A

Father (God), Son (Jesus), Holy Spirit

134
Q

What do we call being saved from sin; in Christianity, to be specifically saved by Jesus?

A

Salvation

135
Q

What do you call the division of the Christian church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?

A

Great Schism of 1054

136
Q

Who led a protest (called the Reformation) against the Roman Catholic Church, and then formed his own branch called called the Protestants?

A

Martin Luther

137
Q

What branch of Christianity did Martin Luther create?

A

Protestants

138
Q

What is a sacrament?

Name 2.

A

A sacred rite or ritual of Christian churches

  1. Baptism
  2. Communion
139
Q

What is the sacrament that involves the use of water to symbolize a new phase in an individual’s life?

A

Baptism

140
Q

What is the sacrament of Holy Communion?

A

Wine represents Jesus’ blood

Bread represents Jesus’ body

141
Q

What is the most important Christian holiday?

A

Easter

142
Q

What marks the 40 days that Jesus spent in the wilderness before he began to preach?

A

Lent

143
Q

What do you call the last week of Lent?

A

Holy Week

144
Q

Who wrote a book called the “History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”?

A

Edward Gibbon

145
Q

What caused the fall of the Roman empire? (3 reasons)

A
  1. Political Instability - not a peaceful transfer of power to a new leader
    2 Economic and Social Issues - taxes were too high
    3 Weakening Frontiers - - Rome was too large
146
Q

What did Constantine move?

A

He moved the capital to Byzantium.

147
Q

The eastern part of the Roman Empire became what?

A

Byzantine Empire

148
Q

What is a patron?

A

A person who promotes artistic activities by paying for new works and supporting artists.

149
Q

A great flowering of culture based on classical Greek and Roman ideas that began in Italy around 1300 and spread throughout Europe.

A

The Renaissance

150
Q

Who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with scenes from the Bible?

A

Michaelangelo

151
Q

What is a cameo?

A

A raised and carved portrait of a person’s head or a carved scene?

Rome (1 decks)

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