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rome study guide Flashcards

1
Q

legion

A

large military units in rome

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2
Q

punic wars

A

the three wars between rome and carthage

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3
Q

dictator

A

a leader who has absolute power to make laws + command army, the republic can appoint one in times of crisis

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4
Q

mercenaries

A

foreign soldiers who fought for money

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5
Q

diaspora

A

a period of jewish exile and the fall of jerusalem

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6
Q

patricians

A

wealthy landowners who had most of the power

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7
Q

plebeians

A

common, farmers, artisans, and merchants

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7
Q

tribunes

A

protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of patricians, representatives are elected by an assembly formed by the plebeians

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8
Q

consuls

A

executive: one-year terms, chief executives of the government, commander in chief of army, pass laws, can veto each other

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9
Q

senate

A

legislative: representative body for patricians, 300 members, made up of patricians, chosen to serve for life, advise consuls, controls foreign and financial policies

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9
Q

tribal assembly

A

legislative: citizens grouped according to where they live, members for life, elect (10) tribunes, representative body for plebeians

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9
Q

centuriate assembly

A

legislative: members for life, make laws, select consuls

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10
Q

first triumvirate

A

caesar, crassus, pompey

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11
Q

second triumvirate

A

augustus, antony, lepidus

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12
Q

founding of rome

A

by a legendary king, romulus

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13
Q

what was a key characteristic of the early roman republic?

A

the citizens had the power

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14
Q

what was the social class in rome?

A

born into the social class, men were the leaders of the family, women were citizens, but they could not vote, they were the same social class as their father or husband

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15
Q

who was hannibal?

A

a military strategist who wanted to destroy rome, helped and led carthage in the second punic war

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16
Q

what happened in the first punic war?

A

rome had a strong army, carthage had a strong navy, fought over sicily and sardinia, the war was out at sea, rome gained islands and their treasury

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17
Q

what happened in the second punic war?

A

hannibal’s led the carthage army on a long trek across the alps to rome. during the trek, he lost more than half his men and elephants, scipio’s counter-attack at the battle of zama

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18
Q

what happened in the third punic war?

A

rome destroyed carthage

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19
Q

why were the twelve tables significant?

A

they were roman laws written on bronze tablets that were displayed publicly, it prevented patrician officials from interpreting the laws in favor of themselves

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20
Q

what was rome’s geography like?

A

fertile soil, forest, peninsula, hills, alps, had access to the mediterranean, and could move by land and sea.

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21
Q

who influenced rome?

A

etruscans, greeks, latins

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22
how did the etruscans influence the development of rome?
influenced rome's alphabet and architecture (the arch)
23
how did the greeks influence rome?
coins/currency, religion, pottery, theater
24
who were the gracchus brothers?
tiberius gracchus, gaicus gacchus, reform leaders, tribune members, moved the poor back to the countryside, wanted to limit the amount of land someone could own, killed by senators because they were helping plebeians
25
who was gaius marius?
a military hero, the first lower-class consul
26
who was lucius sulla?
powerful military commander, became dictator, weakened the tribunes
26
what happened in the first civil war?
sulla won against marius
27
what are some of caesar’s accomplishments?
- governor of roman province - ruler of the first triumvirate - victorious over spain, gaul, invaded britian, started colonies - dictator of rome - gave land/work to rome created jobs - limited slave use - gave citizenship - adopted julian calender
28
what are some of augustus’s accomplishments？
- part of the second triumvirate - glorified the republic - started the pax romana - set up the civil service system, postal system, grain supply - census - tax collectors - increased emphasis on learning and arts - built libraries - increased trades, no tax on goods - strict laws
29
emperors during the pax romana:
- augustus - caligula, bad emperor - nero, bad emperor - trajan - hadrian - marcus aurelius - tiberius
30
what was entertainment like in rome?
races, mock battles, gladiator contests, watched at the colosseum
31
judaism
- origin: palestine 2000 bc - holy book: torah - beliefs: monotheism, torah as god’s revelation, ten commandments
32
chirstianity
- origin: palestine 30 ad - holy book: new testament - beliefs: monotheism, jesus as son of god, the savior, ten commandments
33
how did christianity spread?
the apostles, the pax romana with roads and a common language, missionaries like paul,
34
who was moses?
he received the ten commandments from god
35
who was abraham?
father of judaism
36
who was jesus?
a central figure of christianity, a jewish preacher, known as the savior who would restore the kingdom of the jews, was a carpenter, studied scriptures, people believed he was messiah, performed miracles, son of god, celebrated passover, was betrayed by judas
37
who was peter?
an apostle who became the first bishop and pope, head of the christian church, pope claimed supremacy through the petrine theory - doctrine which was not accepted in the eastern roman empire
38
who was paul?
an apostle who was an enemy of christianity, but changed after having a vision of christ, spent the rest of his life being an important missionary and spreading jesus’s teachings
39
what did the pontius pilate do?
they arrested jesus and sent him to death (crucifixion), after his death, his followers were even more convinced that jesus was messiah
40
who was constantine?
a roman emperor who supported christianity and saw the symbol of the cross, ended the persecution of the christians and declared christianity to be a religion approved by the empire, issued the edict of milan, he continued the social and economic policies and moved the capital, made citizens stay in their jobs, moved the capital to the east, restored the concept of one ruler
41
what was the edict of milan?
emperor constantine issued it, which stated that roman citizens had, “the liberty to observe the religion of [their] choice, and [their] particular mode of worship.”
42
who was theodosius?
an emperor who made christianity the empire's official religion, edict of thessalonica
43
what was the ten commandments?
a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship that play a fundamental role in judaism, christianity, and islam
44
what was the sermon on the mount speech?
golden rule: treat others the way you want to be treated
45
what caused the final collapse of the roman empire?
germans attack - cross the frozen danube river, known as the battle of adrianople, germans had iron stirrup and could cross the danube river, huns invaded, pressure from the huns, invasion by germanic tribes, sack of rome by visilgoths and vanduls
46
who was diocletian?
an emperor who tried to restore the empire, he limited personal freedom, doubled the size of rome’s army, set fixed prices for goods to fix inflation, set wages, city officials responsible for taxes paid, presented himself with a god-like aura to restore the prestige of an emperor, divided the empire into east and west, appointed co-ruler
47
what is greco roman culture?
mixing of elements of greeks, hellenistic, and roman culture
48
who was virgil?
a poet who spent ten years writing the most famous latin literature, the aeneid
49
who was livy?
complied a multi-volume history of rome, glorified rome
50
who was tacitus?
a roman historian who presented the good and bad sides of rome, correctly presented facts
51
what happened in pompeii?
the eruption of vesuvius resulted in the whole city covered in ashes, more than 2,000 people died, art got preserved
52
what was roman art like?
- art was first influenced by greeks, but was more realistic - bas-relief: image project from a flat backround, usually carved. - mosaics: made of glass, rocks, etc - art was used to tell stories and represent people or places
53
what was roman literature like?
they got inspiration from greeks, but had their own themes and ideas. virgil wrote the aeneid, ovid wrote poetry. history was also documented
54
what was roman philosophy like?
marcus aurelius was the author of meditations, stoicism
55
what was roman architecture like?
- influenced by estrucans and greeks - arch, vault - first to have domes, built by emperor hadrian - the first to use concrete - triangle pediment
56
what was roman engineering like?
- colosseum - bridges - roads - aqueducts - sewage - dams
57
what was roman civil law?
system of law that applied to only roman citizens
58
what was roman law of nations?
system of law that applied to all people under the roman rule
59
what was roman law like?
- created stability and unity during roman empire - five basic principles - equal under the law - the accused can face accuses and defend against the charge - decisions must be based on fairness - presumed innocent until proven guilty - guilt must be clearly established
60

english (19 decks)

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