Rome Flashcards
(29 cards)
Rome
753 B.C. Romulus and Remus founded.
The city is in the 7 mounts of Rome
Romulus killed Remus and Romulus became a king
Monarchy
753-509 B.C. They were 7 kings Alphabet Senate: to elect the king Tarquín the Proud was the last king
Republic
509 B.C.-27B.C
To avoid the concentration of power in only 1 person
Institutions
Patricians had 2 consuls that elected and controlled by the Senate. 1 year. Political power+army
Senate: 300 people. Make laws. Patricians
And the tribune of the plebeians
Plebeians in the republic
Plebeians ruled rebellions for political representation.
Tribune of Plebeians 494 B.C. Capabilty of “veto” for consuls’ decisions. Compilation of laws: 451B.C. Plebeians and patricians were equal (not included slaves)
SPQR
Senatus Populus Que Romanus
1st point of Roman expansion
Based on the army
Legions: 1.- Italian Peninsula 272 B.C. when Tarent was conquered
2nd point of Roman Expansion
2.- Conquest of Carthage: From 272 B.C.-149B.C. they fought in 3 wars= Punic wars.
Carthage was burned and Romans threw salt in the land
3rd point of Roman expansion
3.- Conquest of Mediterranean:
146 B.C.-> Greece
218 B.C.-> Scorpio arrived at Ampurias. They lasted 200 years to conquist it
Consequences of the conquest
A) Economic: More money, more lands to cultivate and more people to the army and to slaves.
B) Political: Named governors to govern the territories. It was difficult to control them. CORRUPTION
C)Social consequences: New lands were distributed to people. It provoked rebellions because they were bad distributed.
Citizenship was extended to all conquered territories
Period of civil wars before 49B.C
Plebeians were angry with the distribution of lands.
Tribunes of the plebeians intermediated in the conflict
The Gracus brothers proposed a correct distribution of land. The senate said: NO
Gracus brothers commanded a rebellion in 133 B.C.
They were killed but the rebellion succeeded
From 49 B.C. to 46 B.C.
The 2 consuls were conquering territories out of Rome
Ponpeius: He conquered Middle East, stopped piracy and finished the revolt of Espartacus.
Julius Caesar: He conquered Gaul, Britannia and Germania.
They were envious of each other.
Caesar entered to Rome with the legions but it was prohibited.
Ponpeius and Caesar fought in the coasts of Africa.
From 46 B.C. to 44 B.C.
IN 46 B.C. Caesar won the war and married to Cleopatra.
Caesar came back to Rome and some Senators planned his murder.
In 44 B.C. Brutus and Casius ruled Caesar’s murder
From 31-27B.C.
In 31B.C Octavian (Caesar’s successor) and Marcus Antonius killed Caesar’s assassins.
Marcus Antonius married Cleopatra
Octavian wanted to kill Marcus Antonius and the war started
Octavian won at the Battle of Actium
In 27B.C. Octavian was proclaimed EMPEROR IMPERATOR PERPETUS
The empire 27B.C.-476A.C.
Octavian changed his name to “Augustus”
Augustus from 27B.C. to 14A.C.
The republic appeaently was ruling, but, in fact, the Emperor had full of powers.
Pax Romana
Period of peace
Bread was distributed to plebeians
Spectacles entertained people: Circus, theatre…
PANEM ET CIRCENSES (pan y circo)
Caligula: 37-41A.C.
He tried to name his horse as consul
Claudius: 41-54 A.C.
He supported the culture: alphabet+calendar
His wife, Agripina, poisoned him with the mushrooms
Nero: 54-68 A.C.
He killed his mother: He was in love
He was completely mad: Burned Rome and accused Christians, that were persecuted
Finally he was discovered and committed SUICIDE
Vespasian 69-79A.C.
The personal guard of the Emperor (Pretorian guard) is going to support and chose the Emperors.
He conquered new territories in North Europe
Titus 79-81A.C.
In 79A.C. Vesuvius volcano erupted and Ponpei was distroyed
In 80A.C. Coliseum was opened
Trajan: 98-117A.C.
He born in Hispania
During his times the Empire reached its maximum extension
Hadrian:117-138A.C.
He built important defences in the Borders (wall of Hadrian)
He built the Pantheon in Rome
