Rome Flashcards
In what year did Mount Vesuvius erupted?
It erupted in 79 AD.
Who was the first king of Rome?
Romulus, hence, the name Rome.
In this period of time, Rome had emperors.
The empire.
What are the three main chronology of Rome?
Regal
Republic
Empire
Who constituted the first triumvirate?
Julius Caesar
What year was the first triumvirate established?
In 60 BC.
In what battle did Caesar defeated Pompey?
Battle of Ferseletus (ignore my spelling) in 48 BC.
What is the Cursus Honorum? Describe this process.
The Cursus Honorum is a word meaning to work hard for something, such as ranking. It is a process where a roman person work from the bottom up. The person starts by joining the military because military experience was required in order to hold public office.
What is a patrician and plebeian? What are they allow to do?
Patricians are noblemen who have imperium. Plebeian are commoners (slaves are no included) without power in the republic. They can elect their own magistrate or become a tribune.
What is imperium?
It is the power to command. Only Patricians and the Imperium Domus have this.
What is the highest office a plebeian can have? Why did they have this office?
The tribune was the highest public office a commoner can have because they needed a way to keep the powers of the patricians in check.
What is the battle of Actium?
It is the battle in which Augustus defeated Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC.
Who was in the second triumvirate?
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar
What was the purpose of the creation of the first triumvirate?
It was so that Caesar could maintain power.
Who were the five good emperors? Why were they considered good?
Nirva 96-98 AD Trajan 98-117 AD Hadrian 117-138 AD Antonius Pius 138-161 AD Marcus Aurelius 161-180 AD
How did the Greeks explain the world?
How did we explain the world?
The Greeks explained the world through theater, architecture, and art. They did not rely on religion exclusively.
We explain the world through literature, history, art, science, and religion. (There are all sorts of crazy shit out there)
What were the military rankings and how long were each served?
The Army is the lowest ranking position. It required a service of 20 years.
The Navy is second in ranking and required a service of 26 years.
The Auxilia are for the non citizens. It required a service of 25 years.
These three are usually for the very poor. They are used as the front liner.
The last ranking is the Praetorian. This rank is only available to anyone in the upper class. They are exempt from harsh labor in the military and only need to serve 16 years.
Who was the person who witnessed the eruption of Mount Vesuvius and wrote about it?
Pliny the Younger.
In the Regal period, who were the first seven kings?
Numa Pompilius Tullus Hostilius Ancus Marcius Tarquinius Priscus Servius Tullius Tarquinius Superbus
How long did the 3rd century crisis and how many emperors ruled during this time?
It lasted from 235-384 AD. 46 emperors
Who was Thucydides?
He is the person who thought that Hybris and Nemesis was not enough to explain history. He did not want the gods to intervene with history and so introduced the two laws of Physis and Nomos. Physis is the natural law which everyone has to obey whereas, nomos is the human laws and that people had a choice whether or not they wanted to obey.
Who were the seven kings of Bactria?
Diodotus I Diodotus II Euthydemus Demetrius Meander Apollodotus Eucratides
What is a delphic oracle?
A special priestess that give prophecies or explain certain phenomenon in Rome. She was the oracle that served Apollo.
what are the three roman names and what do they mean?
- preinomen (first name) this was rarely used. it is usually an abbreviation and sometimes used by relatives
- nomen is the middle name this name was used in public
- cognomen is the branch name. this was to let people know what the person did for a living
what are the roman offices and who can have it?
tribune - plebeians only praetor - must have imperium proprietor - governor imperium consul - imperium preconsul - imperium censor - moral police dictator - appt for six months to take charge in emergency
who was herodotus?
- 1st historian
- known as the father of history
- wanted to see both sides on why greeks and the persians fought, explained with:
- hybris - pride or anything carried to excess
- nemesis - where there is hybris there is nemesis
what were the hammer and anvil tactics?
it is a fighting formation where troops distract the enemy from the front and another group will go around to the back and attack enemy in surprise
what was the dionysus cult?
- associated with the god of dionysus
- the god of wine and revelry
- when people drank, the greeks explained drunkeness as having the god dionysus possessing the human body
- a women possessed by the god or drank was called Maenad
- women were only allowed to drink once a year
- a women were to become sober by running through the woods and try to lay hands on any wild animal, rip it apart, and devour it on the spot. then, to show the remains to the god dionysus and the god will release the women’s body back to normal
- the romans did not allow their women to practice this
Explain the first punic wars
- 264-241 bc
- carthage vs. rome
- mercenaries that settled in messina had been enriching themselves as pirates. Syracuse intends to end this
- the pirates enlist the help of carthage and this leads to war
- result: roman victory
Describe the first Civil War.
The First Civil War broke out when the armies that had fought the Italians (91-88 BC) were still in the field. It was a conflict between Marius and L. Cornelius Sulla. These two wanted to have supreme command.
What was the year of the four emperors and who were these emperors?
Galba
Otho
Vitellius
Vespasian
How many emperors were there during the Julio-Claudian Dynasty?
Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero
What was the Flavian Dynasty and who were the emperors?
Vespasian
Titus
Domitian
Describe the Second Civil War.
The Second Civil War broke out between Pompey and Caesar in 49-45 BC.
