ROMANTICISM/TRANSCENDENTALISM Flashcards
what category is the Values feeling and intuition over reason.
Romanticism
what category is the Places faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.
Romanticism
what category Shuns the artificiality of civilization and seeks unspoiled nature.
Romanticism
what category Contemplates nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development.
Romanticism
what category Prefers youthful innocence to educated sophistication
Romanticism
what category Champions individual freedom and the worth of the individual.
Romanticism
what category Looks backward to the wisdom of the past and distrusts progress.
Romanticism
what category Finds beauty and truth in exotic locales, the supernatural realm, and in the inner world of the imagination
Romanticism
what category Sees poetry as the highest expression of the imagination.
Romanticism
what category Finds inspiration in myth, legend, and folk culture.
Romanticism
what category Looked backward to established European traditions
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category had The most popular poets America ever produced
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category was Memorized and recited for years
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category had Comforting topics rather than challenging topics
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category Could be “preachy” and didactic
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category had Pleasing style; not innovative
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category had “Cross of Snow” & “Bells”
American Poetry - Fireside Poets
what category was Originated in Europe
Gothic / Dark - Romantic Escapism
what category had Wild, haunted landscapes
Gothic / Dark - Romantic Escapism
what category had Supernatural events
Gothic / Dark - Romantic Escapism
what category had Edgar Allan Poe
Gothic / Dark - Romantic Escapism
what category was exotic
Gothic / Dark - Romantic Escapism
what category was Contemplation of nature
Nature - Romantic Escapism
what category had Lyric poems, which express thoughts and feelings
Nature - Romantic Escapism
what category Commonplace object or event leads to deep insight(s)
Nature - Romantic Escapism
what category was Like Puritans, more contemplating and inner life
Nature - Romantic Escapism
where did a place of idealized opportunity, chance for social/ economic mobility occur
Cities
where did now crowded and dirty areas occur
Cities
where did rapid spread of disease occur
Cities
where did crime and violence, gangs occur
Cities
where did Industrial Revolution occur
Cities
where did William Cullen Bryant’s idea for Central Park initiated occur
Cities
whos Characteristics are young or possesses youthful qualities
American Romantic Hero
whos Characteristics are
innocent and pure of purpose
American Romantic Hero
whos Characteristics are a sense of honor based not on society’s rules but on some higher principle
American Romantic Hero
whos Characteristics are a knowledge of people and of life based on deep, intuitive understanding, not on formal learning
American Romantic Hero
whos Characteristics are Loves nature and avoids town life
American Romantic Hero
whos Characteristics are Quests for some higher truth in the natural world
American Romantic Hero
what was a Offshoot of Romanticism
Transcend
to go beyond the limits of; exceed; be above and independent of the physical universe.
what well-educated people, mostly New Englanders
Origin of Transcendentalism
what stared the time for literary independence–deliberately different from anything in Europe – something uniquely American
Origin of Transcendentalism
what was strongly influenced by Deism
Origin of Transcendentalism
what Deists believe that God created the universe but remains apart from it and permits his creation to administer itself through natural Laws.
Origin of Transcendentalism
what stresses the importance of ethical conduct
Origin of Transcendentalism
“to transcend”
move from the rational to a spiritual realm
whos Beliefs Intuition, not reason, is the highest human faculty
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are to Rejection of materialism
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are Simplicity is the path to spiritual greatness
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are Nature is a source of truth & inspiration
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are Non-conformity, individuality & self-reliance
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are God is everywhere – in Nature and Man
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are All objects are miniature versions of the universe
Transcendental Beliefs
whos Beliefs are to Unlike the Puritans, who humans as inherently evil, transcendentalists saw humans and nature as possessing an innate goodness.
Transcendental Beliefs
whos His father owned a pencil factory
Henry David Thoreau
who and John set up a school in 1838 but it collapsed a few years later after John became ill
Henry David Thoreau
who Over the years his famous work Walden has inspired many naturalists, environmentalists, and writers.
Henry David Thoreau
whos attitudes and studies of nature were radical for the time period, but today many consider him the “father of environmentalism.”
Henry David Thoreau
who wrote “Walden, or Life in the Woods”
“Civil Disobedience”
Henry David Thoreau
who Went on to Harvard divinity school → Became a Unitarian minister
Ralph Waldo Emerson
who 1829 married Ellen Tucker, who died a few years later of tuberculosis
Ralph Waldo Emerson
whos wifes death caused religious doubt, which resulted in his resignation from the clergy
Ralph Waldo Emerson
who In 1840s founded & co-edited the literary magazine The Dial, w/ Margaret Fuller
Ralph Waldo Emerson
who was the official publication of Transcendentalists until 1844
Ralph Waldo Emerson
who Published two volumes of essays in 1841 and 1844 including “Self-Reliance,” which is among his best-known works
Ralph Waldo Emerson
what said “There is a time in every man’s education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance; that imitation is suicide…”
“Self-Reliance”
what said “For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure.”
“Self-Reliance”
what said “To be great is to be misunderstood.”
“Self-Reliance”
what said “What lies behind us and what lies before us are small matters compared to what lies within us.”
“Self-Reliance”
what said “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.”
“Walden, or Life in the Woods”
what said “Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand.”
“Walden, or Life in the Woods”
what said “Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.”
“Walden, or Life in the Woods”
what said “If a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music which he hears, however measured or far away.”
“Walden, or Life in the Woods”
what said “Men have become the tools of their tools.”
“Walden, or Life in the Woods”
what said essay urging passive, nonviolent resistance to governmental policies to which an individual is morally opposed
“Civil Disobedience”
what was Written after Thoreau spent a night in jail for refusing to pay a poll tax.
“Civil Disobedience”
what Influenced individuals such as Ghandi and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
“Civil Disobedience”
what was writen when The $1.50 tax revenues went to the government which was waging, according to Thoreau, an unjust war against Mexico that would expand slavery.
“Civil Disobedience”
What is intuition?
gut feeling
Define Romanticism:
a literary movement that is dramatic and entertaining emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual. (self-reliance)
3 subcategories of Romanticism:
Dark/Gothic, Fireside, Transcendentalism
What century did Romanticism begin?
19th → 1800’s
Define sublime:
of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe
Where do the Romantics look for truth?
Nature
Romantics value:
less-religious, nature, self-reliance, innocence in materialistics, native, simplicity, mindfulness, non-materialistic
What ends Romanticism:
Civil War, 1861
Rhythm of Prose mimics:
human speech
How do you get Rhythm of Prose in your writing?
Vary sentence length → short sentences = emphasis
Parlour Soldier:
not engaging with life “Battle of Fate” → “Back-Seat Driver”, “Armchair QB”
city doll
fail, give up, complain
sturdy lad
stable, well-respected, lands on his feet like a cat, brave & successful, faces failure & tries again. They have their life together and organized
Why do we need to retain the Spirit of Infancy in adulthood?
To keep us young & shed our years, so we can admire nature and truly see it. The pile on of years takes away the enjoyment & awe. → stars: stars in the sky everyday, we don’t care.
