Romanesque

Question 1

Reliquary statue of Sainte Foy

Answer 1

Enthroned image of Sainte Foy containing the skull of Saint Faith. The head is made up of an ancient Roman helmet, the cameos are donations from the Pilgrims.

Question 2

Saint-Etienne

Answer 2

A timber-roofed church with three-story naves and alternating support system of piers and columns. There is an ambulatory around the choir and three semicircular radiating chapels opening onto it for the display of relics.

Question 3

Saint-Sernin

Answer 3

Setting for the display of holy relics. A major stop on the road to Santiago de Compostela. Pilgrimage churches have longer and wider naves and aisles, as well as transepts and ambulatories with radiating chapels for viewing relics. Has stone-compound piers and barrel vaults in the nave and groin vaults in the tribune galleries which helped prevent fires.

Question 4

Bernardus Gelduinus Christ in Majesty

Answer 4

One of the earliest series of large stone reliefs decorating the church of Saint-Sernin. The models were probably metal or ivory Carolingian and Ottonian book covers.

Question 5

Saint-Pierre

Answer 5

Stone-carving began with historiated capitals. The most extensively preserved example is in the Moissac cloister of Saint-Pierre.

Question 6

Gislebertus, Christ, detail of Last Judgement of Saint-Lazare

Answer 6

Dramatic visions of the Last Judgement. Designed to terrify those guilty of sin and beckon them into the church.

Question 7

Pentecost and Mission of the Apostles, tympanum of the center portal of La Madeleine

Answer 7

Most closely associated with the Crusades. Light rays are emanating from Christ’s hands to instill the Holy Spirit in the apostles, whose mission is to convert the world’s heathens.

Question 8

Initial L and Saint Matthew from the Codex Colbertinus

Answer 8

Probably produced in the Moissac scriptorium.

Question 9

Initial R with knight from the Moralia in Job

Answer 9

Ornamented initials are Hiberno-Saxon era but this illuminator translated the theme into Romanesque terms. The duel between the knight and dragons symbolize a monk’s spiritual struggle.

Question 10

Saint-Savin

Answer 10

A hall church with aisles approximately the same height as the nave. The tall aisle windows provide ample illumination for the Old Testament paintings on the nave barrels vault.

Question 11

Christ in Majesty apse in Santa Maria de Mur

Answer 11

Christ appears in a mandorla between the four evangelists signs. The fresco resembles French and Spanish Romanesque tympanum reliefs.

Question 12

Morgan Madonna

Answer 12

Painted wood statue depicting the Virgin as the “throne of wisdom.”

Question 13

Speyer Cathedral

Answer 13

Largest Romanesque church in the world. Its east end features twin 234 foot spires, blind windows and arches, and open arcuated galleries in the apse and transept wings. Earliest examples of the use of groin vaulting in a nave. This made possible for large clerestory windows above the nave arcade.

Question 14

Sant’Ambrogio

Answer 14

Reveals the architectural ties between Lombardy and Germany. Each groin-vaulted nave bay corresponds to two aisle bays. The alternate-support system complements this modular plan. It has an atrium and low, broad proportions but it also has two prominent bell towers flanking the narthex. There is also an octagonal tower over the nave’s east end.

Question 15

Hildegard reveals her visions

Answer 15

Hildegard of Bingen, the most prominent nun of her time, experienced divine visions shown here as five tongues of fire enter her brain. She also composed music and wrote scientific treatises.

Question 16

Coronation of Henry and Matilda from Gospels of Henry the Lion

Answer 16

Two hands from heaven crown Henry, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, and Matilda daughter of Henry II of England, in the presence of Guelph and English ancestors and of saint, including Thomas Becket.

Question 17

Head reliquary of Saint Alexander

Answer 17

Uses costly materials

Question 18

Pisa Cathedral complex

Answer 18

Separate bell towers and baptisteries.

Question 19

Baptistery of San Giovanni

Answer 19

Domed octagonal descended from Roman and Early Christian
central-plan buildings. Distinct Tuscan Romanesque marble paneling stems from Roman wall designs.

Question 20

Wiligelmo creation and temptation of adam and eve from Modena Cathedral

Answer 20

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Question 21

Saint-Etienne

Answer 21

Façade is divided into three parts corresponding to the nave and aisles and reflects the methodical planning of the entire structure. The towers also have three sections. Has groin-vaults to make clerestory windows possible. The three-story elevation with its large arched openings provides ample light and makes the nave appear taller than it is. Spring from compound piers with alternating half-columns and pilasters. The diagonal and transverse ribs divide the vaults into six compartments.

Question 22

Durham Cathedral

Answer 22

The first example of rib groin vaults placed over a three-story nave. The builders replaced groin vaults in the tribune with quadrant arches as buttresses of the nave vaults. The plan is typically English with its long and slender proportions. In the nave, simple pillars alternate with compound piers that support the transverse arches of the seven-part groin vaults.

Question 23

Master Hugo, Moses expanding the law from Bury Bible

Answer 23

He was a rare Romanesque lay artists. His livelihood depended on commissions from wealthy monasteries.

Question 24

Bayeux Tapestry

Answer 24

An embroidery where needle=workers employed eight colors of dyed wool yarn and sewed the threads onto linen using both stem stitching and laid-and-couched work.