Roman Unit

Question 1

Answer 1

Model of Etruscan Temple, Early 6th Century BCE (Etruscan)

Question 2

Answer 2

Capitoline Wolf, ca. 500-480 BCE, (Etruscan/Republican)

Question 3

Answer 3

Temple of Portunus, Rome, Italy, ca. 75 BCE (Republican)

Question 4

Answer 4

Alexander Mosaic (Battle of Issos), late 2nd-1st Century BCE, From the House of the Faun, Pompeii (Republican)

Roman copy of Greek painting ca. 310 BCE

Alexander the Great vs. King Darius of Persia

Question 5

Romulus and Remus

Answer 5

Twin brothers, central characters in Rome’s foundation myth, fathered by the God Mars.

Abandoned and suckled by she-wolf, raised by shepherds.

Romulus kills Remus and founds Rome.

Question 6

Capitoline Triad (in relation to Etruscan temple)

Answer 6

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

Three Cellas

Capitoline Triad= Jupiter, Juno, Minerva, main cult idols/gods

Question 7

Pseudoperipteral (Temple of Portunus)

Answer 7

As opposed to peripteral collonade as found on Parthenon, columns on Temple of Portunus are no free standing on sides and back of building (instead are engaged or attached to walls)

Question 8

HISTORICAL PERIODS for ANCIENT ETRURIA AND ROME

Answer 8

Etruscan 600-89 BCE

Period of Kings 753-509 BCE

Republican Period 509-27 BCE

Imperial Period 27 BCE- 337 CE

Question 9

Answer 9

Atrium of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii, second century BCE, rebuilt 62-79 CE (Republican/Imperial)

Question 10

Answer 10

Dionysian Mystery Frieze, Second Style Wall Paintings in the Room 5 of the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, Italy, ca. 60-50 BCE (Republican)

Initiation and Nuptial Themes

Question 11

Forum

Answer 11

Main political, cultural, and social center of a town (comparable to the downtown square in Bloomington)

Question 12

Domus

Answer 12

Roman house

Question 13

Atrium

Answer 13

First room seen upon entering a Roman home, open skylight and pool to catch rain water, main reception area of house and contained portraits of family’s male ancestors and lararium

Question 14

Cubiculum

Answer 14

Typical Roman bedroom

Question 15

Dionysus

Answer 15

God of wine and fertility

Question 16

Triclinium

Answer 16

Roman dining room

Romans ate while reclining on couches

lavishly decorated

Question 17

Answer 17

Head of an old man, from Osimo (Italy), mid-1st century BCE (Republican)

Question 18

Answer 18

Portrait of Augustus as General, from Primaporta, early first century copy of a bronze original of 20 BCE (Imperial)

1) Portrait head-physiognomy and hairstyle
2) Gesture - ad locutio
3) Costume
4) Allegory on breastplate (Return of military standards seized by Parthians in 53 BCE)
5) Statue support in the form of Cupid riding a dolphin
6) Bare feet

Question 19

Answer 19

Equestrian Portrait of Marcus Aurelius, ca. 175 CE (Imperial)

Question 20

Verism

Answer 20

mos maiorum

realistic portraiture

exaggeration of features

Question 21

Imperator

Answer 21

General

Armor

Question 22

Pontifex Maximus

Answer 22

High priest

Toga

Question 23

Answer 23

Equestrian Portrait of Marcus Aurelius, ca. 175 CE (Imperial)

Question 24

Answer 24

Arch of Titus, Rome, after 81 CE (Imperial)

Siege of Jerusalem 70 CE
Reign of Titus 79-81 CE

Question 25

Answer 25

The Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), 70-80 CE, (Imperial)

Built during the reigns of Vespasian and Titus from the spoils of the Jewish Wars

Question 26

Answer 26

The Pantheon, Rome, 118-125 CE (Imperial)

Question 27

Virtus

Answer 27

(In reference to Marcus Aurelius)

It carries connotations of valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths

VIRTUE

Question 28

Amphitheater

Answer 28

Ancient Roman amphitheatres were oval or circular in plan, with seating tiers that surrounded the central performance area

open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports.

Question 29

Arena

Answer 29

an enclosed area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theater, musical performances, or sporting events.

The word derives from Latin harena, a particularly fine/smooth sand used to absorb blood in ancient arenas like the Colosseum in Rome.

Question 30

Barrel vault

Answer 30

is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve along a given distance.

Ancient Romans most probably inherited their knowledge of barrel vaulting from Etruscans

first to use this building method extensively on large-scale projects, and were probably the first to use scaffolding to aid them in construction

Question 31

Oculus

Answer 31

circular opening in the centre of a dome or in a wall