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Roman Civ > Roman Republic > Flashcards

Roman Republic Flashcards

1
Q

3 groups battling for control over Italian peninsula

A

Latins, Greeks and Etruscans

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2
Q

Location of original settlement of Rome?

A

Palatine Hill

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3
Q

Where did Romans adapt their alphabet from? Their architecture?

A

Etruscans

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4
Q

The heart of Roman political life (place)

A

The Forum

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5
Q

Last king of Rome?

A

Tarquin the Proud

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6
Q

What form of government did they later implement?

A

Republic

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7
Q

Define a republic

A

Form of government wherein power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

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8
Q

Who was given citizenship in Rome?

A

Free-born male citizens

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9
Q

2 groups in the early republic? Who made up each group?

A

Patricians - wealthy landowners; inherit their power and social status. “"”Ancestry gives them authority”””

Plebeians - common people (farmers, artisans, merchants); can vote, but cannot hold important government positions

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10
Q

Who protected the rights of the plebeians?

A

Tribunes

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11
Q

What is the importance of written law (Twelve Tables) for the plebeians?

A

All citizens are fair under the law, and the law is concrete, and not subject to patricians’ interpretations

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12
Q

Executive branch of Roman government?

A

Two consuls (kings), elected for one year and cannot run again for 10 years

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13
Q

Legislative branch of Roman government?

A

Senate of 300 members chosen from aristocracy; Centuriate Assembly of citizen-soldiers; Tribal Assembly of tribunes grouped according to where they come from

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14
Q

Judicial branch of Roman government?

A

Praetors, eight judges chosen for one year by Centuriate Assembly

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15
Q

What would happen if the republic appoints a dictator?

A

That person has absolute power to make laws and command the army. Their power lasts for only 6 months.

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16
Q

Large military units?

A

Legions

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17
Q

Legions can be divided into smaller groups, which was called _____

A

Century

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18
Q

2 brothers who wanted reforms for the poor

A

Tiberius and Gaius

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19
Q

Who won the first Punic War?

A

Rome

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20
Q

Who was the fierce general of Carthage?

A

Hannibal

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21
Q

Why was there turmoil in society? Describe the living means of some members of Rome.

A

Former soldiers are homeless, and slaves make up 1/3 of population. There was a growing between the rich and the poor.

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22
Q

What did the two brothers suggest to help the poor?

A

Limit the size of estates and giving land to the poor

23
Q

What happened soon after the two brothers’ deaths?

A

Civil war

24
Q

When the government was in chaos, who grew in power?

A

Military

25
Q

How did commanders gain more power?

A

Promise soldiers land, their loyalties lie with their commander and not to the state.

26
Q

Who came into power and took charge during the civil war?

A

The triumvirate of Pompey, Julius Caesar and Crassus

27
Q

Why was there tension between Caesar and Pompey?

A

Pompey was afraid of Caesar’s ambition and power.

28
Q

What leadership positions did Julius have?

A

He was consul for a year, appointed himself governor of Gaul (France). He was later appointed dictator, and then dictator for life.

29
Q

What reforms did Julius implement?

A

He granted citizenship to people from the provinces, expanded the senate, made more jobs for the poor (public buildings), increased pay for soldiers and established a colony where people without land could own property

30
Q

Why was Caesar stabbed to death in the senate chamber?

A

The other politicians were afraid of his growing influence. Among these was someone named Gaius and his friend”” Brutus. ““et tu, brute?”” :((

31
Q

Who came to power after Julius’ death?

A

Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus

32
Q

How did the rule of the second triumvirate end?

A

Octavian forced Lepidus to retire and made a rival out of Mark Anthony, who fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt. They were eventually defeated by Octavian

33
Q

What are some of Octavian’s titles?

A

Imperator, and Augustus

34
Q

What is the period of peace?

A

Pax Romana

35
Q

What are the important reforms of Augustus?

A

Civil service, strengthening the frontier, building great public buildings

36
Q

Explain the state of slavery in Roman society

A

It’s a large part of Roman civilization. Slaves were considered their masters’ property, and some were made to fight as gladiators. There were many slave revolts, but none of them succeeded

37
Q

How did Paul help in the spread of Christianity?

A

Wrote epistles.

38
Q

What ideal conditions helped aid the spread of Christianity?

A

Pax Romana (easier travel, spread of ideas) and a shared language

39
Q

Explain what happened in the Diaspora

A

Dispersal of Jews after being sent away from their homeland; revolting against Rome.

40
Q

Why was Christianity considered a threat to Rome?

A

Refusal to worship Roman deities.

41
Q

Why was Christianity so popular among the masses?

A

Offered a personal relationship with God, embraced all kinds of people, gave hope to this going through difficult times, and appealed to those repelled by the extravagance of Imperial Rome

42
Q

How did Christianity eventually become accepted in Roman society?

A

With the help of Constantine who claimed to have been helped by God in his fight to rule Rome. He made it one of the religions accepted by Rome/the emperor, and it was later appointed as the official religion of Rome

43
Q

What was Diocletian’s greatest reform?

A

Separation of west and eastern Rome (eastern Rome was wealthier than the west)

44
Q

Where did Constantine move the capital?

A

Byzantium (Constantinople)

45
Q

How did Rome’s economy suffer?

A

Inflation, due to lack of gold and silver. Pirates reducing trade, overworked thus, ineffective farmland, and a spread in disease

46
Q

What did the government do to protect against foreign threats?

A

Started hiring mercenaries. Lack of loyalty

47
Q

Reasons for West Rome’s fall:

A

Separation from wealthier east Rome, internal conflict, and foreign invasions.

48
Q

What foreign invasions troubled Rome?

A

Germanic invasions, the Huns (Attila)

49
Q

Last emperor of Western Rome:

A

Romulus Augustulus

50
Q

What happened to East Rome after the fall of the west?

A

It flourished and survived another 1000 years, but under a different name.

51
Q

What epic did Virgil write?

A

Aeneid

52
Q

What paintings were found in Pompeii and how were they preserved?

A

Frescoes were preserved with ash.

53
Q

Accurate history of Rome:

A

Tacitus

54
Q

Geography of Rome

A

Near Tiber River, on 7 rolling hills. Near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea. Near the center of the Italian Peninsula

Roman Civ (1 decks)

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