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Roman Republic Flashcards

1
Q

3 groups battling for control over Italian peninsula

A

Latins, Greeks and Etruscans

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2
Q

Location of original settlement of Rome?

A

Palatine Hill

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3
Q

Where did Romans adapt their alphabet from? Their architecture?

A

Etruscans

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4
Q

The heart of Roman political life (place)

A

The Forum

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5
Q

Last king of Rome?

A

Tarquin the Proud

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6
Q

What form of government did they later implement?

A

Republic

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7
Q

Define a republic

A

Form of government wherein power rests with citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders

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8
Q

Who was given citizenship in Rome?

A

Free-born male citizens

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9
Q

2 groups in the early republic? Who made up each group?

A

Patricians - wealthy landowners; inherit their power and social status. “"”Ancestry gives them authority”””

Plebeians - common people (farmers, artisans, merchants); can vote, but cannot hold important government positions

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10
Q

Who protected the rights of the plebeians?

A

Tribunes

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11
Q

What is the importance of written law (Twelve Tables) for the plebeians?

A

All citizens are fair under the law, and the law is concrete, and not subject to patricians’ interpretations

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12
Q

Executive branch of Roman government?

A

Two consuls (kings), elected for one year and cannot run again for 10 years

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13
Q

Legislative branch of Roman government?

A

Senate of 300 members chosen from aristocracy; Centuriate Assembly of citizen-soldiers; Tribal Assembly of tribunes grouped according to where they come from

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14
Q

Judicial branch of Roman government?

A

Praetors, eight judges chosen for one year by Centuriate Assembly

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15
Q

What would happen if the republic appoints a dictator?

A

That person has absolute power to make laws and command the army. Their power lasts for only 6 months.

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16
Q

Large military units?

A

Legions

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17
Q

Legions can be divided into smaller groups, which was called _____

A

Century

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18
Q

2 brothers who wanted reforms for the poor

A

Tiberius and Gaius

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19
Q

Who won the first Punic War?

A

Rome

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20
Q

Who was the fierce general of Carthage?

A

Hannibal

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21
Q

Why was there turmoil in society? Describe the living means of some members of Rome.

A

Former soldiers are homeless, and slaves make up 1/3 of population. There was a growing between the rich and the poor.

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22
Q

What did the two brothers suggest to help the poor?

A

Limit the size of estates and giving land to the poor

23
Q

What happened soon after the two brothers’ deaths?

24
Q

When the government was in chaos, who grew in power?

25
How did commanders gain more power?
Promise soldiers land, their loyalties lie with their commander and not to the state.
26
Who came into power and took charge during the civil war?
The triumvirate of Pompey, Julius Caesar and Crassus
27
Why was there tension between Caesar and Pompey?
Pompey was afraid of Caesar's ambition and power.
28
What leadership positions did Julius have?
He was consul for a year, appointed himself governor of Gaul (France). He was later appointed dictator, and then dictator for life.
29
What reforms did Julius implement?
He granted citizenship to people from the provinces, expanded the senate, made more jobs for the poor (public buildings), increased pay for soldiers and established a colony where people without land could own property
30
Why was Caesar stabbed to death in the senate chamber?
The other politicians were afraid of his growing influence. Among these was someone named Gaius and his friend"" Brutus. ""et tu, brute?"" :((
31
Who came to power after Julius' death?
Octavian, Mark Antony and Lepidus
32
How did the rule of the second triumvirate end?
Octavian forced Lepidus to retire and made a rival out of Mark Anthony, who fell in love with Cleopatra and followed her to Egypt. They were eventually defeated by Octavian
33
What are some of Octavian's titles?
Imperator, and Augustus
34
What is the period of peace?
Pax Romana
35
What are the important reforms of Augustus?
Civil service, strengthening the frontier, building great public buildings
36
Explain the state of slavery in Roman society
It's a large part of Roman civilization. Slaves were considered their masters' property, and some were made to fight as gladiators. There were many slave revolts, but none of them succeeded
37
How did Paul help in the spread of Christianity?
Wrote epistles.
38
What ideal conditions helped aid the spread of Christianity?
Pax Romana (easier travel, spread of ideas) and a shared language
39
Explain what happened in the Diaspora
Dispersal of Jews after being sent away from their homeland; revolting against Rome.
40
Why was Christianity considered a threat to Rome?
Refusal to worship Roman deities.
41
Why was Christianity so popular among the masses?
Offered a personal relationship with God, embraced all kinds of people, gave hope to this going through difficult times, and appealed to those repelled by the extravagance of Imperial Rome
42
How did Christianity eventually become accepted in Roman society?
With the help of Constantine who claimed to have been helped by God in his fight to rule Rome. He made it one of the religions accepted by Rome/the emperor, and it was later appointed as the official religion of Rome
43
What was Diocletian's greatest reform?
Separation of west and eastern Rome (eastern Rome was wealthier than the west)
44
Where did Constantine move the capital?
Byzantium (Constantinople)
45
How did Rome's economy suffer?
Inflation, due to lack of gold and silver. Pirates reducing trade, overworked thus, ineffective farmland, and a spread in disease
46
What did the government do to protect against foreign threats?
Started hiring mercenaries. Lack of loyalty
47
Reasons for West Rome's fall:
Separation from wealthier east Rome, internal conflict, and foreign invasions.
48
What foreign invasions troubled Rome?
Germanic invasions, the Huns (Attila)
49
Last emperor of Western Rome:
Romulus Augustulus
50
What happened to East Rome after the fall of the west?
It flourished and survived another 1000 years, but under a different name.
51
What epic did Virgil write?
Aeneid
52
What paintings were found in Pompeii and how were they preserved?
Frescoes were preserved with ash.
53
Accurate history of Rome:
Tacitus
54
Geography of Rome
Near Tiber River, on 7 rolling hills. Near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea. Near the center of the Italian Peninsula

Roman Civ (1 decks)

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