Roman Republic

Question 1

Name The important people in order

Answer 1

Tiberius Gracchus
Gaius Gracchus
Gaius Marius
Cinna (?)
Lucius Sulla (Felix)
Marcus Crassus
Pompey (Magnus)
Lepidus (?)
Marcus Cicero
Gaius Caesar
Mark Antony
Octavius Caesar

Question 2

What does SPQR stand for

Answer 2

Senatus Populusque Romanus

The Senate and People Of Rome

Question 3

Why were the Gracchi so important for the beginning of the end of the republic

Answer 3

Never asked for anything illegal while still pushing the limits of the Senate. First populates. Forced the Senate into violence for the first time. they were popluar with the public and put the Senate in a difficult position of losing their authority.

Question 4

Why was Gaius Marius significant

Answer 4

A novus homo who had immense military power who held consulship 7 times without waiting the assigned 10 years inbetween each one. Made Military reforms to reduce Army’s loyalty to the senate and briing power to civial wars and family by marrying Caesar’s aunt.

Question 5

When was Sulla consul

Answer 5

He was elected consul in 88 but Marius took it from him with persuation of a tribune.
Sulla then recpatured the city and consulship for some time

Question 6

Why did Sulla and Marius rival

Answer 6

Both wanted power in consulship and military and Marius marched on Rome for consulship and attempted to turn his army against him but failed.

Question 7

What were Sulla’s perscriptions

Answer 7

A list of names that Sulla made and added to whenever of who he wanted dead. Their land would then be reclaimed and money fro killing them would be given out. This lis was taken advantage of by those close to him/it that eould edited it to their benifits to earn money (Crassus). Sulla used the killings to benifit his veterans.

Question 8

Quotes for Sulla ?

Answer 8

“Butchery” ~ Plutarch
“Generous with money” ~ Sallust
“busied himself with slaughter” ~ Plutarch

Question 9

What was the Sextus Roscius case

Answer 9

He was claimed to be unjustfully accused of killing his father. This was Cicero’s first major case as others didn’t want to take the high rpfile case against power (he was 26). Cicero indirectly challenged Sulla by exposing the guilt of his close friend who accused Roscius.

Question 10

Notes on Pompey ?

Answer 10

• Given name ‘Magnus’ meaning great
• Changed Faction depending n what benifited him most
• Successes through 70’s
• Known as ‘teenage butcher’ in adulescence after Scicily and Africa with Pro-Praetorian Imperium
• First triumph (Plutarch) before Lepidus’ military challenge
• Letter to the Senate threatening to bring war back to Itlay (Sallust B37)
• Success in Spain
• Luccellus departure to Mithridotics to outdo Pompey
• The Slave war which saw the return of Pompey
• Pompey and Crassus use arms to pressure Senate into allowing their consulship

Question 11

The Verres case ?

Answer 11

• During 70’s Cicero focused on legal cases that drew him closer to business class
• Due to estsblished bonds during Quaestonship, CIcero took Verres’ case on bribary of jury/judges
• Spent 50 days in Sicily to gather evidence of Verres’ guilt
• Trial took place with many visortors = Public interest
• Verres was recognised as Opportunist crook
• Verres forged significant relationships to call upon supporters
• Cicero thrawt Verres’ plan (cutting out preliminories to immediatly present evidence and question witnesses) = unique
• Portreyed Verres as expectation rather than the rule (winning support of people without alienation nobilty)
  Cicero gained reputation of a man prepared to stand against corruption

Question 12

Quotes for Verres ?

Answer 12

“you will judge the accused; the roman people will judge you” ~ Cicero

Question 13

Key individuals for Catilinarian Conspiracy ?

Answer 13

Pompey, Cicero, Caesar, Catiline, other Cicero, Piso

Question 14

Who supported the CC

Answer 14

Sulla’s veterans
Gangs
Corrupted polititians

Question 15

What did Catiline Promise if he was Consul

Answer 15

a diminishment of Debts for his supporters and benifits for veterans

Question 16

What was Cicero’s idea of punishment

Answer 16

Execution of the conspirators without trial which was paused and caused him to be exiled afterwards by Caesar

Question 17

What started the Conspiracy

Answer 17

After Sulla was prosecuted, Catiline was charged with extortion and prevented from standing for consul when a young noble Piso, told him of a plan to assassinate the consuls. Piso was sent to occupy the spanish provinces with an army while the others started the conspiracy.

Question 18

What was the First Triumvirate

Answer 18

A group of 3 men forming an alliance to gain power using each others signifance to benifit them all. This was made up by Pompey Crassus and Caesar.

Question 19

What were the roles in the First Triumvirate

Answer 19

Crassus had the provinces finacial business and Caesar had the army and power of places such as Gaule while Pompey was consul and had popularity in Rome.

Question 20

How did it fall apart

Answer 20

Pompey was infactuated with his wife (Caesar’s cousin?) so Caesar took his consul power and crassus died in a battle. Pompey’s wife eventually died and he became aware of Caesar’s manipulation and it all fell apart.

Question 21

What was a concequence of the FT

Answer 21

It caused the civil war as Caesar now had military power and connections in the senate with people such as Mark Antony and he used it as a reason to march on Rome. And Caesar defeated Pompey.

Question 22

How did Caesar’s connections and supporters help him

Answer 22

Pompey and Curio passed a law on his behalf after he payed of their debts. They also Veto’d discussions on his replacement while he was in Gaul.

Question 23

Main points of Caesar’s dictatorship from 49-

Answer 23

• Given mass honours and titles (Parens Patriae, Tribunic Sacro Sanctity etc.)
• Had power over religion, army and senate
• elected dicator for life after being given intervals of 1yr and 10yrs…
• magistrates took aoth to uphold future agreements to his acts.
• named July and had his statues and chariot outside various temples.

Question 24

What was the events of Caesar’s assassination

Answer 24

His wife had a dream of his death and he was told hed be betrayed on the ‘Ides of March’ (15th). When he went to the senate with Mark Anotny, Antony was held back as to not interfere and Cicero was not told incase he warned Caesar and was completely cluless while everyone else in the senate attacked him by stabbing him while he tried to defend himself with a quill. He fell on the stairs of the senate and roughly stated “You to, Brutus (his lowkey son)?” before covering himself properly and dying. Out of the 23 stabs he took, only one was fatal.

Question 25

What were the concequences of Caesar’s passing in 44bc

Answer 25

The public were furious and started rioting and burining things in his honour. Mark Antony stood in his place and finished his reforms and wishes as well as granting his ambushers amnesty and found possesion of troops and paperswhile Caesar left everything to his distant nephew/adopted son Octavious who became very influentian quickly and Cicero tried to take advantage of this and manipulate him along his own path.

Question 26

Who were Caesar’s heirs

Answer 26

His political heirs were Mark Antony and Lepidus but Octavian was his biological heir

Question 27

What was the second triumvirate

Answer 27

Antony, Octavian and Lepidus which didn’t last long as Lepidus was irrelevant and Octavian marched on Antony killing 2 consuls to leave himself in charge alone. This marched lead to the senate giving Octavian’s credit to his father’s killers which lead him to causde the civil war by refusing to march against Antony again and keeping control of his army despite being told otherwise as he knew if he gave in and participate then his father’s killers would take control of the state.

Question 28

When was the Battle of Actium

Answer 28

31 bc

Question 29

What happened during the Battle of Actium

Answer 29

Antony moved to Egypt and replaced his wife (Octavian’s sister) with Cleopatra while sending her home after Octavian sent her there to show Rome how disrespectful Antony was being to Romans and to gain his own support. They both went to battle with Egypt eventually having to retreat as Antony and Cleopatra killed themselves while Augustus slowly built up his power to rebuild Rome until they bacme dependant on him and he became the first emperor while changing his name to Augustus.

Question 30

How long was the Republic

Answer 30

88-31BC