Roman Republic Flashcards by Kelsey Li

How is the Roman identity fluid

Citizenship extends to slaves, allies & conquered ppl

People imagine leads as outcasts + mixed ancestors = open

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Original settlers of ROme

fugitive debtors & criminals & virgins from Sabines
Arranged by Romulus (founder of Rome)
Romulus descended from a Trojan hero & married Latin princess

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What foreign culture did ROmans adapt

Greeks

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Basic timeline of Rome
1000 BC ->
753 BC ->
650BC ->
510BC ->

1000 BC -> huts, oldest traces of settlement
753 BC -> village, Romulus foundation of Rome
650BC -> city, forum
510BC -> temple of Jupiter

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What was writing used for

public purposes

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In 500 BC what was rome subject to

foreign Etruscan Kings

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Dynasty Etruscans

Dynasty of Etruscans
Built public works & monuments -> make Rome a city
Known for excavation of tombs
Used a version of Greek alphabet
Language not well known
Thousands of Etruscan inscriptions survive
No literary works are known

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Origin of Etruscans

Developed from native Villanovan culture, Tuscany

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What were Etruscans famous for

cemeteries

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Etruscan Economy

Extensive trade contacts, high wealth difference

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Etruscan men vs women

Equality between men & women of high rank

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In 600 BC what did Etruscans do to their gods

Portray them anthropomorphically

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Etruscans were skilled at ___ and ___

divination and haruspicia

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Urbanization of Rome

Etruscan conquest: permanent stone houses, public architecture, anthropomorphic religion

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Expulsion of Kings

510 BC same year as expulsion of last tyrant from Athens

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What caused the expulsion of kings

Rape of woman by king’s sons (Lucretia). Same year as greek cuz want to relate history w greeks.

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New government after expulsion of kings

respublica

Voting in roman constitution

Done in units. High economic class more voting units than lower

Government general 6

Consuls -> magistrates -> senate -> tribunes -> assembly -> praetor

Characteristics of consuls

Two of them each year
Patrician
Comes from senate
From best families
Elected each year
Commands military
Wield imperium

Characteristics of magistrates

Patricians
Advises consuls
Command army
Proposes legislation & judge legal cases

Characteristics of magistrates

Patricians
Advises consuls
Command army
Proposes legislation & judge legal cases

Characteristics of senate

Patricians
Council to advise magistrates

Characteristics of tribunes

Patricians that represent plebeians
Type of magistrate
Veto power, cancel action of other magistrate even council

Characteristics of Assembly

Plebeians Any citizen can participate

Characteristics of Praetors

Patricians Public judges

Patronage/clientela system

Unequal ranks bound by ties of loyalty & gratitude

How does higher rank support lower rank (patronage)

Higher rank patron lend support to client/dependent Representation in court, etc More clients = patron higher power

How does lower rank support upper rank (patronage)

Client gives support to patron Votes for them in election Becomes part of an army Eabii aristocratic family (private army)

Aristocrats/ high social classes took advice from...

Social relationships of same rank Took advice from friends

Conflict of orders: class struggle between

patricians and plebeians

Characteristics of patricians

high status Hereditary Small # of families Dominate consulship Oppress plebeians

Characteristics of plebeians

lower class Many debted to patricians Struggle for equality Tribune magistrates w veto Force patricians to publish laws First legal code: Twelve Tables Plebeians assembly: comitia tributa

How did class struggle end

287 BC law binds all ROmans w/o social classes

WHy does Twelve tables drawn by 10 magistrates -> 451 BC matter

Best evidence for early Roman society

Things Tweleve tables tells us

Best evidence for early Roman society Economy -> agricultural No other professions except farming Debt Creditors can sell into slavery/kill them Nexum: institution Debt bondage/temporary enslavement

Family in Roman society

Patriarchal: male head of family Independent women inherit property -> dead father Protect against embezzlement

Roman Army formation

Legions under command of consuls 3000 heavy infantry Fought like Greek hoplites Property qualification Poorest not drafted

Romans military power came form

Not military skill but persistence. Year after year

Who sacked Rome

Gauls

Treatement of conquered people

Citizenship Latin rights: citizenship if go to Rome Citizenship w/o vote Allies: no special status