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Roman Emperors Flashcards

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1
Q

Near the end of his reign, he invaded the Parthian Empire, sacking its capital of Ctesiphon and annexing Armenia and Mesopotamia

A

Trajan

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2
Q

He earned his name, “little boot,” from his father’s soldiers

A

Caligula

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3
Q

He also commissioned a wall to mark the border of Roman Britain and crushed the Bar Kokhba revolt in Judea.

A

Hadrian

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4
Q

He ordered his mother’s death in 58 CE, and ordered the deaths of Seneca the Younger and several others after the Pisonian Conspiracy.

A

Nero

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5
Q

Beloved companion of Hadrian who drowned and whom Hadrian tried to have made a god

A

Antinous

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6
Q

The last of Rome’s “Five Good Emperors.” With Lucius Verus, he inherited the throne from his uncle Antoninus Pius

A

Marcus Aurelius

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7
Q

He wrote the Meditations, a journal and major text of Stoic philosophy.

A

Marcus Aurelius

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8
Q

In 305, he became the first emperor to voluntarily step down, retiring to his palace in Split, Croatia.

A

Diocletian

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9
Q

Prefect of the Praetorian Guard (and later consul) and a friend and confidante of Tiberius. who left him to manage the state before later arresting and executing him for treason

A

Lucius Sejanus

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10
Q

Emperor at the time of the supposed crucifixion of Jesus in 33 CE

A

Tiberius

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11
Q

The first Roman emperor (ruling as princeps, or first citizen) 27 BCE - 14 CE

A

Augustus

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12
Q

He proposed the Edict of Milan giving tolerance to Christians and oversaw the Christian Council of Nicea

A

Constantine

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13
Q

In AD 49, he married his niece Agrippina the Younger, who then poisoned both his son Britannicus and the Emperor himself.

A

Claudius

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14
Q

While visiting Egypt, his beloved companion Antinous drowned in the Nile.

A

Hadrian

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15
Q

The son of one of the junior members of Diocletian’s Tetrarchy, proclaimed emperor by his father’s men,

A

Constantine

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16
Q

He secured a decisive victory over the Parthian Empire but then spent much of his reign dealing with the Antonine Plague and fighting the Marcomannic Wars.

A

Marcus Aurelius

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17
Q

Unhappy as emperor, he mostly resided in his villa on the island of Capri and left Lucius Sejanus to manage the state (however, when Sejanus attempted to seize power in 31 CE, he had Sejanus arrested and executed)

A

Tiberius

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18
Q

He unsuccessfully attempted to curb inflation with his Edict on Maximum Prices

A

Diocletian

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19
Q

Though initially moderate, he became increasingly tyrannical, supposedly trying to build a palace on Lake Nemi and to make his horse, Incitatus, a consul

A

Caligula

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20
Q

He halted the empire’s expansion into Germania after a crushing defeat at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest

A

Augustus

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21
Q

He led the last and largest persecution of Christians

A

Diocletian

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22
Q

Barbarian king of Italy who deposed Romulus Augustulus in 476, marking the end of the West Roman Empire

A

Odoacer

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23
Q

He led Rome to its greatest territorial extent

A

Trajan

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24
Q

With the help of Marcus Agrippa, he defeated Marc Antony at the Battle of Actium to seize the empire

A

Augustus

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25
Q

Marcus Aurelius’s co-emperor

A

Lucius Verus

26
Q

Location of Diocletian’s palace

A

Split, Croatia

27
Q

System of imperial rule, created by Diocletian, with two senior emperors and two junior emperors

A

Tetrarchy

28
Q

Caligula’s uncle, who ruled after Caligula’s assassination

A

Claudius

29
Q

He triumphed in the Year of the Five Emperors and founded the Severan dynasty. He was the first emperor to be born in Africa.

A

Septimius Severus

30
Q

Edict of Constantine that gave tolerance to Christians

A

Edict of Milan

31
Q

Marcus Aurelius’s son and successor who chose not to follow the advice of his senior generals and signed a peace treaty with the Marcomanni and the Quadi. His reign is commonly considered to mark the end of the golden period in the history of the Roman Empire known as the Pax Romana.

A

Commodus

32
Q

Major Iranian Empire with whom Rome spent many centuries battling for territory

A

Parthian Empire

or Arsacid Empire

33
Q

Tiberius’s popular nephew, a noted general, and the father of Caligula

A

Germanicus

34
Q

He reconquered the territory lost during the Crisis of the Third Century by defeating Zenobia of the Palmyrene Empire and retaking Gaul and Britain.

A

Aurelian

35
Q

While traveling in Greece, he joined the Eleusinian Mysteries (initiation rites for the cult of Demeter and Persephone)

A

Hadrian

36
Q

Niece and wife of Claudius, who poisoned Claudius and his son Britannicus so that her son Nero could be emperor (Nero then had her murdered)

A

Agrippina the Younger

37
Q

In AD 41, Cassius Chaerea led a conspiracy of senators and Praetorian guards that killed him and his immediate family.

A

Caligula

38
Q

He was the last man to rule both the eastern and western halves of the empire

A

Theodosius

39
Q

He is traditionally regarded as the last “Roman emperor.” He was deposed in 476 by Odoacer, marking the end of the Western Roman Empire.

A

Romulus Augustulus

40
Q

He stabilized the empire after the Crisis of the Third Century. He took power by defeating Carinus at the Battle of the Margus before creating the Tetrarchy

A

Diocletian

41
Q

Close friend and son-in-law of Augustus, not only the architect responsible for the construction of some of the most notable buildings in Rome but also the general who defeated Marc Antony’s forces at the Battle of Actium

A

Marcus Agrippa

42
Q

The son of the general Germanicus, Tiberius’s popular nephew

A

Caligula

43
Q

The name Colosseum is believed to be derived from a colossal statue of this emperor that once stood nearby. (This statue was later remodeled by his successors into the likeness of Helios/Sol or Apollo.)

A

Nero

44
Q

Emperor who oversaw the conquest of Britain and centralized power through a bureaucracy featuring talented freedmen like Tiberius Narcissus

A

Claudius

45
Q

He created the Praetorian Guard (the elite unit of the Imperial Roman army whose members served as personal bodyguards and intelligence for the Roman emperors)

A

Augustus

46
Q

After Julius Caesar was assassinated, he formed the Second Triumvirate with Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus to defeat Caesar’s assassins

A

Augustus (known then as Octavian)

47
Q

After succeeding Nerva, he defeated Decebalus to conquer the rich Kingdom of Dacia (modern-day Romania). He employed Apollodorus of Damascus to build a triumphal column and a bridge across the Danube

A

Trajan

48
Q

He supposedly “fiddled” during the Great Fire of Rome and persecuted Christians after it (he may have instigated the fire himself to clear land for his Domus Aurea, or Golden Palace).

A

Nero

49
Q

He defeated Maxentius at the Battle of Milvian Bridge to seize Italy and then defeated his brother-in-law Licinius to win the east

A

Constantine

50
Q

The Five Good Emperors

A 
Nerva (reigned 96–98 CE),
Trajan (98–117), 
Hadrian (117–138),
Antoninus Pius (138–161), 
and Marcus Aurelius (161–180) 
(each only distantly related to his predecessor if at all)
51
Q

In 68 CE, he was deposed by the Senate and committed suicide

A

Nero

52
Q

Battle which halted Augustus’s expansion of the empire into Germania

A

Battle of Teutoburg Forest

53
Q

He converted the city of Byzantium into the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and re-named it after himself

A

Constantine

54
Q

A noted scholar, this emperor was the last person able to read ancient Etruscan.

A

Claudius

55
Q

Born Gaius Octavius, he was the grandnephew of Julius Caesar

A

Augustus

56
Q

Augustus’s stepson (the son of his wife Livia) who led the conquests of Pannonia and Raetia during his stepfather’s rule

A

Tiberius

57
Q

With whom did Octavian (later Augustus) form the Second Triumvirate?

A

Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus

58
Q

He emerged from the Year of the Four Emperors in 69 CE to found the Flavian Dynasty, and later commissioned the Colosseum.

A

Vespasian

59
Q

Trajan’s younger cousin who succeeded him as emperor. At the start of his reign, he withdrew from Trajan’s conquests in the east.

A

Hadrian

60
Q

He provoked scandal by performing as an actor, musician, and charioteer

A

Nero

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