Roman civilization

Question 1

who built the city of Rome? Where

Answer 1

The Latins, on the 7 hills near river Tiber in Central Italy

Question 2

Structure of the Roman society

Answer 2

patricians Plebeians Slaves

Question 3

Elaborate on the structure of Roman society

Answer 3

Patrician: members of the old, rich and powerful families of Rome
Plebeians: common ppl like poor traders and farmers
Slaves: captured ppl from wars

Question 4

Structure of the Roman republic

Answer 4

Consuls, Upper house (the senate), Lower house (the assembly)

Question 5

what are the duties of the Senates

Answer 5

-Made decisions on spending
-Made decisions about taxation
-Made laws

Question 6

The member ship of the Upper house (the Senate)

Answer 6

Patricians (around 300 senators) and 2 Plebeians from the Assembly

Question 7

What are the duties of Lower House (the Assembly)?

Answer 7

-elected the 2 consuls
-elected tribunes
-voted on laws suggested by the
government officials

Question 8

Elaborate on ‘consuls’

Answer 8

-2 members
-1 year term of office
-memberships are patricians, chosen from the senate

Question 9

Is the structure of the Roman republic balanced?

Answer 9

Yes, because there are 2 consuls, Plebeians can elect the consuls and the consuls also only have 1 year term of office, therefore creates a balanced structure with more equal and fair political rights, which inspired the later democratic system

Question 10

When did Julius Caesar die?

Answer 10

15th March, 44 BC

Question 11

Elaborate on Julius Caesar

Answer 11

-Born in a Patrician family, became and army general
-elected a consul and grew in power and popularity
-defeated his enemies and and became a dictator
-killed by some senators (lead by Brutus)

Question 12

Is Julius Caesar a good leader? (If yes)

Answer 12

-Gave land to the poor peasants and retired soldiers
-Gave jobs to unemployed
-Allowed people in the conquered land to govern themselves

Question 13

Is Julius Caesar a good leader? (if no)

Answer 13

-Wore purple clothes like a king
-Introduced a new calendar, the Julian calendar
-Put up his own statue among the statues of the old kings of Rome
-Put his supporters and friends in powerful positions

Question 14

Why was Julius Caesar killed?

Answer 14

Because his enemies thought he wanted to become King

Question 15

Elaborate on the divided Roman provinces

Answer 15

Octavian ruled over Italy and the Western provinces ; Mark Anthony ruled over Egypt and the Eastern provinces

Question 16

Why cant Octavian and Mark Anthony rule together

Answer 16

Because they quarreled and fought a lot for power and leadership of Rome

Question 17

What was the result of Octavian and Mark Anthony’s fight for leadership

Answer 17

Octavian won and Mark Anthony killed himself, Octavian then called himself Augustus (meaning ‘majesty’)

Question 18

Who became the first Roman Emperor?

Answer 18

Augustus Caesar (Octavian)

Question 19

When did the Roman Republic end?

Answer 19

27 BC

Question 20

The change in government under Augustus Caesar

Answer 20

-The Roman Republic ended in 27 BC
-Augustus Caesar became the first Emperor of Rome

Question 21

Was Augustus Caesar a good Emperor? (yes)

Answer 21

He ruled Rome for more than 40 years, and made the Empire rich and strong

Question 22

When was the Golden age of Roman civilization? What was it called?

Answer 22

The 1st and 2nd centuries. This period was called ‘Roman Peace’ / Pax Romana

Question 23

What caused the fall of Roman Empire?

Answer 23

1. Barbarian invasions
   2.Corruption and weak leadership
   3.Heavy military spending and unfair tax
   system
   4.Political division

Question 24

Elaborate on the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire (barbarian invasions)

Answer 24

-Many Barbarians invaded the Roman
boarder, e.g. German tribes
-The Roman army could not defend Rome because the empire was too large to defend

Question 25

Elaborate on the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire (Corruption and weak leadership)

Answer 25

-Weak and incapable emperors left Rome in financial ruines and civil wars
-The Romans lost hope in their government

Question 26

Elaborate on the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire (Heavy military spending and unfair tax system)

Answer 26

-Tax was raised to finance war and the tax burden became heavy
-Distribution of tax was unfair because the Patricians tried to get out of taxation, they paid less than the Plebeians
-spending of war began to dry up and the economy weakened
-There was inadequate money to strengthen the army

Question 27

Elaborate on the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire (Political division)

Answer 27

-The Roman Empire was divided into the western Empire and the Eastern Empire in the 3rd century. The division made the Western empire more difficult to survive as the Eastern Empire was stronger economically and militarily W

Question 28

Who conquered the Western Empire

Answer 28

German tribes

Question 29

When did the Western Empire end?

Answer 29

AD 476

Question 30

When was the Eastern Empire conquered? By who?

Answer 30

In AD 1453, by the Turks

Question 31

The legend about the founding of Rome: The legend about the twin brothers __ and __

Answer 31

Romulus and Remus