Roman Art Midterm II

Question 0

Answer 0

Gemma Augustea,

14 AD Declares the transfer of power from Augustus to Tiberius Onyx cameo top, tiberius on chariot, augustus seated next to Roma, above an eagle with capricorn between, crowned by Oikoumene. bottom, trophy rep victory of Tiberius over Germans in 12AD

Question 1

Triumphal Arch of Orange (detail)

Answer 1

built 26 AD, under Tiberius commemorate defeat of the rebellion 5 yrs before earliest surviving ex of arch w/ 3 passageways in a single massive architectural block–prefigure later empire great arches double storied attic; relief of captured heaped up arms

Question 2

Piscina/Fish-pond of Tiberius’ Republican Villa, Sperlonga

Answer 2

had fish, full of sculpture, could eat al fresco

Question 3

The Blinding of Polyphemus

Answer 3

Sperlonga, reconstructed rested in supports in pool and wall niches of cave of main grotto *shows Romans adapted Hellenistic style

Question 4

The Helmsman of Odysseus’ ship during the encounter with Scylla,

Answer 4

detail from a grotto at Tiberius’ Villa, Sperlonga 1st C. BC/AD, marble, lifesize shows him right before he fell overboard signed by 3 Rhodian sculptors: Athanadoros, Hagesandros, Polydoros, made Laocoon *shows Romans adapted Hellenistic style

Question 5

Head of Laocoon

Answer 5

Greek Sculpture, 1st C. AD, marble, in hellenistic style Athanadoros, Hagesandros, Polydoros, made Scylla group Sperlonga *comparison for Sperlonga sculpture

Question 6

Hellenistic Baroque

Answer 6

portrayal of deep human emotion and suffering deep cut eyes open mouth face twisted hair disheveled deep drilling to make heavy shadows

Question 7

Head of Odysseus

Answer 7

detail of the Blinding of Polyphemus, grotto at Sperlonga 1st c. BC/AD, marble, life size *shows Romans adapted Hellenistic style

Question 8

Odysseus, from Punta Epitaffio,

Answer 8

Baia, Naples Mid-1st c. AD, Marble, 5ft 8 7/8in damaged by water, holding cup of wine to Polyphemus derived from Hellenistic prototypes

Question 9

One of Odysseus’ Companions, from Punta Epitaffio,

Answer 9

Baia, Naples Mid-1st c. AD, Marble, 5ft 6 1/2in holding wine bag over leg derived from Hellenistic prototypes

Question 10

Portrait of Tiberius

Answer 10

c. AD 13, Phrygian marble implies that he was related to Augustus although the son of his wife’s 1st marriage Julian shaped head-slightly bulbous at top, strong jawbone, high cheekbones, & hairdo thins lips and large nose probably veristic of Tiberius -visual legitimation of adopted heirs and eases political acceptance

Question 11

Head of a Julio-Claudian Prince (probs Caligula)

Answer 11

from Rione Terra, opposite Baia Marble early 1st c AD comp. to Portrait of Tiberius: uses Augustan features-visual legitimation of adopted heirs and eases political acceptance

Question 12

Head of Caligula

Answer 12

near Lago Albano c AD 40 Marble made to look like Augustus(actual descendant):head shape, straight nose, projecting ears

Question 13

Claudius as Jupiter

Answer 13

c. AD 50, Marble note soft features, heroic view of the weak minded emperor

Question 14

Portrait of Nero

Answer 14

Rome. AD 64-8, Marble heavy man, attractive feature. bulbous head (JC), augustan’s brushed forward locks-but projecting

Question 15

Portrait of Nero

Answer 15

AD 64-68, profile view in Munich

Question 16

Portrait of Nero, reworked as Vespasian

Answer 16

originally AD 64-68, Marble reworked because of damnatio memoriae

Question 17

Columbarium II at Vigna Codini

Answer 17

“pigeon houses”; on the Via Latina near Rome. First Century AD brick and Stone faced with plaster held cinerary urns, mostly slaves or freedmen of Livia and others of imperial family

Question 18

Portrait Bust of a Young Woman

Answer 18

from columbarium at Vigna Codini Mid 1st century dated perhaps by hairdo to time of Nero

Question 19

Portrait Bust of an Older Man

Answer 19

from columbarium at Vigna Codini mid1st century AD, marble

Question 20

Sacrifice of a bull in the Forum of Augustus

Answer 20

frieze from a Claudian altar, mid 1st cent. AD, marble temple of mars ultor shown at right

Question 21

Procession of the vicomagistri

Answer 21

relief from the Cancelleria, Rome fist half of 1st century AD, marble shows the vicomagistri who guarded the Lares of the neighborhood wearing togas; four servants holding statuettes, one of the genius of the living emperor; trumpeters; in center sacrifice of ox, bull, and heifer static quality like a moment in time

Question 22

Augustus

Answer 22

from the .sebastion, Aphrodisius mid first cent. AD, Marble portrayed as a hero, heroic nudity. allegorical figure of fertility of the earth at left, reinforced by cornucopia. right a mermaid and emperor holds oar-power over land and sea. comp ara pacis. hellenistic sculpture style

Question 23

Aqua Claudia,

Answer 23

near Rome. c. AD 50 travertine started by Caligula but finished by Claudius

Question 24

Porta Maggiore

Answer 24

part of the Aqua Claudia, Rome, AD 50 travertine large double archway crossing two ancient roadways. carrying two converging water channels at different levels “rustication” feature of architecture of claudius, purposely left as rough-hewn stones as if they were straight from the quarries

Question 25

the tomb of the Eurysaces

Answer 25

c. 30 BC, cement with travertine facing, former slave who became wealthy in Republican period, a Baker. imbedded within a tower added to Porta Maggiore by late enperor Honorius and freed from tower in 19th cent,

Question 27

“rustication”

Answer 27

feature of architecture of claudius, purposely left as rough-hewn stones as if they were straight from the quarries

Question 28

Bedrock of Aqueduct at Segovia

Answer 28

detail early 1st/2nd century AD, Spain almost 100ft at highest pt stone blocks left rough huge piers rest on bedrock, stones put together w/o mortar

Question 29

Construction of Aqueduct at Segovia

Answer 29

detail early 1st/2nd century AD, Spain almost 100ft at highest pt stone blocks left rough huge piers rest on bedrock, stones put together w/o mortar

Question 30

Underground Basilica

Answer 30

near porta maggiora, Rome mid first c AD, dug out of tufa bedrock, coated with concrete covered with stucco, 30 ft below ground, beautiful stucco decoration

Question 31

Flying and floating figures

Answer 31

ceiling of underground basilica, Rome, mid first c. AD, stucco

Question 32

Octagonal Room

Answer 32

Golden House of Nero, Rome, AD64, brick faced concrete later built into Baths of Trajan, smaller rooms radiate out from, oculus and slits let in light thru the radiated rooms-genius and unprecedented design that hid the light source from viewer

Question 33

Octagonal Room plan

Answer 33

in the Golden House of Nero, plan

Question 34

Birds, animals, and marine creatures

Answer 34

Golden House of Nero, Rome, AD 64-68, wall painting third Pompeiian style from a ceiling

Question 35

Architectural Motifs and mythical figues

Answer 35

Golden House of Nero, Rome, AD 64-68, Wall painting, fourth Pompeiian style, like most paintings in the Golden House

Question 36

Aqueduct at Segovia

Answer 36

early 1st/2nd cent. AD. Granite

Question 37

Detail of the portrait of a woman

Answer 37

Pompeii, late first c. BC, floor mosaic

Question 38

Portrait of Vespasian

Answer 38

c. AD 75, Marble, veristic,

Question 39

The Colosseum,

Answer 39

Rome, c. AD 72-80, tufa and concrete faced with travertine, built by Nero on part of the Golden House of Nero, first permanent amphitheater in Rome

Question 40

The Colosseum, etching

Answer 40

Rome, Etching by Piranesi

Question 41

Answer 41

The Triumphal Arch at Orange

AD 26

Limestone

Answer 42

second story interior of colosseum, outer passageway, the colosseum, Rome, c. AD 72-80. Travertine

Answer 43

Velarium on the Colosseum, reconstructiondrawing

Answer 44

Exterior view of the Colosseum, AD 72-80, Travertine, Rome

Question 45

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Answer 45

Campana relief with gladiators, a panther, and a lion in the Circus Maximus, Terracota, Rome