Roman and Dark Ages Flashcards
B.C.E
Before common era
CE
Common era
Roman legion
Basically Rome’s military that fights and defends Rome.
Latin
The language of Ancient Rome and its empire.
Philosophy
Thoughtful reasoning, and thinking in different perspectives about the world.
Pax Romana
“Roman Peace” It was a time when no one dared to attack Rome because it was so strong.
Architecture
Buildings are architecture. It is how it is designed, created, and built.
Atrium
An open roofed entrance hall in an ancient Roman house.
Habeas Corpus
“Show me the dead body” It is a law in the Roman Empire that you cannot accuse someone of committing a crime unless there is proof.
Roman Republic/Empire
A type of government that lead Rome for around 500 years. The Roman Empire is all of Rome. (The people, buildings)
Public Baths
In Latin, it is called thermae. In a public bath, you can swim, relax, and drink with everyone else.
Barbarians
They were the people who attacked Rome. They were out of control, had no strategy, and were un- civilized.
Gladiator
Men who fought in the arena against wild beasts and the Roman legions as an entertainment for the crowd. They always die because they have no useful weapons.
Arch
It is sometimes designed on Roman buildings. It is a curve made out of stone going over and around the door.
Colosseum
Executions happen there for entertainment.
Circus Maximus
A race track where chariot races, and other Olympic sports happen. (Javelin throw)
Constantine
He was the emperor of Rome in the 4th century. He founded the city of Constantinople, and converted to Christianity.
Aqueduct
Water pipes that transport fresh water to Roman cities.
Charlemagne
- Frankish king
- Encouraged education and built many schools for anyone to go to.
- Never lost any battle, and defeated the Vikings
- You had to be Christian or you were executed
- Had spies to make sure no one was breaking rules.
Alfred the Great
He was the early ruler of Anglo-Saxon England. He was the one who united western and Southern Europe.
King Arthur
He was a legendary British leader who was the first born son of King Uther Pendragon, and heir of the throne. The legend says that Arthur was able to pull the sword out of stone, so he became king. He fought against the Saxons and successfully defeated them. His base and castle is in Camelot where he has knights serving for him.
Beowulf
It is a saga written by the Anglo Saxons. He was a Viking hero that got rid of the trolls. He successfully defeated Grendel and his mom, and also a dragon, but he was wounded so badly after fighting the dragon that he died. An epic is written about his adventures.
Saint Patrick
He was captured by Irish raiders at the age of sixteen, and was taken as a slave to Ireland. He said he dreamed of a message from god saying “ your ship is ready”, so he escaped by ship. When he returned to Ireland, he told everyone about Christ, and Christianity grew stronger. Now, we celebrate St. Patrick’s day because of all his successes.
Skald
A Scandinavian poet that recited poems at formal gatherings. They memorize sagas which are poems about Vikings to tell the audience.
Martyr
Someone who gets persecuted or killed for refusing to do something demanded by an external party.
Druidic
A member of the learned class among the ancient Celtics. They are believed to be the ones that created oak trees, and acted as priests, teachers, and judges.
Franks
They are one of the various Germanic people who moved into Western Europe after the Roman legions withdrew from there. They fought wars and established settlements. Although the Franks were farmers, they also loved war. Most free men walked around armed, and both women and men loved jewelry and wore their hair long.
Celtic
They were a European cultural group that used to take over most of Europe. (From Spain to Russia) However, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes pushed them into the Wales, Cornwall, Scotland, and Ireland. Their language and culture slowly disappeared.
