Roman Flashcards
1
Q
Features of the Roman Empire
A
- Longevity
- System of Rule and Bureaucracy
- Laws
- Built Infrastructure
2
Q
Common Roman Building Materials
A
Stone
Clay
Wood
Cement
3
Q
Materials chosen based on
A
- local environment
- climate
- purpose of structure
- budget
- labour supply
- point in history (available technology)
4
Q
How they developed engineering
A
- labour: large slave work force and soldiers returned from war
- financial resources: conquered many large overseas empires
- materials: worldwide access and knowledge
- neccessity: growing population
5
Q
Types of lime
A
- hydraulic
2. non-hydraulic
6
Q
Making cement 1. (quicklime)
A
CaCO3 —(heat)–> CO2 + CaO
7
Q
Heating Limestone
A
- fuel: small and dry (pinecones, olive and fruit pits, almond shells)
- 900oC needed
- modern days: furnace
- gallo-roman: kiln
8
Q
what makes a good kiln
A
- dig kiln down into ground (or into side of hill)
- no wind in stokehole
- tend fire and keep it going at all times
9
Q
Making Cement 2. (slaking)
A
CaO + H2O –> Ca(OH)2
10
Q
Making Cement
A
Ca(OH)2 + sand/aggregate + H2O + air –> concrete
11
Q
Hydraulic Lime
A
- sets in water
- has more than 8% clay
- romans added volcanic tuff or crushed pottery to non-hydraulic lime to make it hydraulic
12
Q
Roman Wall
A
SANDWICH
- concrete core
- stone facing
- stucco or plaster
- paint (fresco, on plaster)
13
Q
Opus incertum
A
random stone arrangement
14
Q
Opus reticulatum
A
regular pattern diamond shape
15
Q
Opus testaceum
A
brick