roman Flashcards
Name two Near Eastern civilizations.
Egypt, Mesopotamia
What does “Mesopotamia” mean?
A country between two rivers
What group of people first established a civilization in Mesopotamia?
The Sumerians
What is a “city-state”?
a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.
Who was Lugalzaggisi?
Sumerian king
Who was Sargon?
Ancient Mesopotamian ruler
what were the nomes in ancient Egypt?
A nome was a territorial division in ancient Egypt.
Who first unified Upper and Lower Egypt?
Menes
What caused the collapse of the Old Kingdom?
The erosion of the authority of the Pharaoh and the accompanying growing power of the nobility and priesthood, which led to the decentralization of power in Egypt and constant power struggles and civil war.
Who reunified Egypt, marking the beginning of the Middle Kingdom?
Mentuhotep II
What caused the end of the Middle Kingdom?
The Middle Kingdom had two phases: the end of the Eleventh Dynasty, which ruled from Thebes, and the Twelfth Dynasty onwards, which was centred around el-Lisht.
Who is responsible for beginning the New Kingdom?
Ahmose I
What were some things attributed to Ramses II?
Secured Egypt’s borders from foreign invaders and pirates along the Mediterranean and in Libya.
Fended off invasions from the Hittites and Nubians.
Restored land to Egypt that had been previously lost to these empires.
Led several military expeditions into the Levant, reasserting Egyptian control over Canaan.
Led expeditions to the south, into Nubia.
During what period were the pyramids of Giza constructed?
Between 2580 BC and 2560 BC
Who was Hatshepsut?
Female pharaoh of ancient Egypt
