ROM Procedures

Question 1

cervical flexion and extension

Answer 1

Fulcrum: external auditory meatus

stable/proximal arm: perpendicular to ceiling

distal/moving arm: base of nares

end feel: firm

Question 2

cervical lateral flexion

Answer 2

Fulcrum: spinous process of C7

stable/proximal arm: spinous processes of thoracic spine perpendicular to the ground

distal/moving arm: dorsal midline of the head

End feel: firm

Question 3

cervical rotation

Answer 3

Fulcrum: center of top of head

stable/proximal arm: parallel line between two acromion processes

distal/moving arm: tip of the nose

end feel: firm

Question 4

Shoulder Flexion

Answer 4

Fulcrum: lateral aspect of greater tubercle

Proximal/stable arm: midline of lateral thoracic cavity

Distal/moving arm: Midline of humerus

End feel: firm

Question 5

Shoulder Extension

Answer 5

Fulcrum: lateral aspect of greater tubercle

Proximal/stable arm: midline of lateral thoracic cavity

Distal/moving arm: Midline of humerus

End feel: firm

Question 6

Shoulder Abduction

Answer 6

Fulcrum: Anterior acromion process

Proximal/stable arm: parallel to midline of sternum

Distal/moving arm: Midline of humerus

End feel: firm

Question 7

Shoulder Rotation (internal and external)

Answer 7

Fulcrum: Olecranon Process

Proximal/stable arm: pointed towards ceiling

Distal/moving arm: along ulna

End feel: firm

Question 8

Elbow Flexion and Extension

Answer 8

Fulcrum: lateral epicondyle of humerus

Proximal/stable arm: lateral midline of humerus

Distal/moving arm: Lateral midline of radius

End feel: flexion (soft), extension (hard)

Question 9

Forearm Pronation and supination

Answer 9

Fulcrum: in front of 2nd MTP

Stable arm/ proximal arm: parallel to humerus

Moving arm/distal arm: in line or parallel to writing tool

End feel: hard

Question 10

Wrist flexion and extension

Answer 10

Fulcrum: Lateral side of wrist

Stable arm/proximal arm: Midline of ulna

Moving arm/distal arm: midline of 5th metacarpal

end feel: Firm

Question 11

Radial and ulnar deviation

Answer 11

Fulcrum: Dorsal side of wrist, over capitate

Stable arm/proximal arm: midline of forearm

Moving arm/distal arm: 3rd metacarpal

End feel: (radial, hard), (ulnar, firm)

Question 12

Trunk flexion and extension (tape measure)

Answer 12

Testing position: standing feet shoulder width apart

Landmarks: C7 and S2

Question 13

Trunk lateral flexion

Answer 13

Fulcrum: Spinous process of S2

Stable arm/proximal arm: perpendicular to ground

Moving arm/distal arm: along spinous processes of lumbar spine towards C7

Question 14

Trunk Rotation

Answer 14

Fulcrum: center of the top of the head

Stable arm/proximal arm: line between iliac crests

Moving arm/distal arm: line between acromion processes

Question 15

Knee flexion and extension

Answer 15

Fulcrum: lateral epicondyle of femur

Stable/proximal arm: midline of femur

Moving /distal arm: midline of fibula

end feel: soft

Question 16

Ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Answer 16

Fulcrum: lateral malleolus

Stable/proximal arm: midline of fibula

Moving/distal arm: in line with the 5th metatarsal

End feel: Firm

Question 17

Ankle inversion and eversion

Answer 17

Fulcrum: anterior ankle, midway between malleoli

Stable/proximal arm: midline of lower leg

Moving/distal arm: midline of 2nd metatarsal

End feel: firm

Question 18

Metatarsalphalangeal joint flexion and extension

Answer 18

Fulcrum: dorsal aspect of metatarsophalangeal joint

Stable/proximal arm: dorsal midline of metatarsal

Distal arm: medial midline of phalanx

end feel: firm